Clinical analysis of cerebral hemorrhage associated with nephrotic syndrome / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective To explore the clinical features of cerebral hemorrhage associated with nephrotic syndrome (NS) as well as its underlying pathogenesis. Methods The clinical material of seven NS patients with cerebral hemorrhage were analyzed. Results The age of the seven patients was ranged from 5 to 56 years, including four male and three female. There were four patients with coagulopathy, six patients with elevated level of D-dimer and four patients with renal function impairment. Six patients had hyperlipidemia and four patients had severe proteinuria (>5 g/d). In the acute phase of hemorrhage onset, five patients developed cerebral hemorrhage in the lobes, two patients in the basal ganglia. Three patients were in coma on the first day of hemorrhage. On the 30th day after cerebral hemorrhage onset, four patients died and two patients had moderate cognitive dysfunction (modifed Rankin Scale, 3-5). Conclusion The patients of cerebral hemorrhage associated with NS may be in a serious illness state and have poor prognosis. Most of patients have elevated level of D-dimer, hyperlipidemia, and severe proteinuria, the biochemical abnormalities associated with NS. Most hemorrhages occur in the lobes which may be caused by coagulopathy.