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Inhalation risk assessment of naphthalene emitted from deodorant balls in public toilets
Environmental Health and Toxicology ; : e2019005-2019.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-763722
ABSTRACT
The inhalation of naphthalene used as deodorant balls in public toilets could be an important cancer risk factor. The atmospheric concentration of naphthalene in public toilets (C(in)) was estimated both by a polyurethane foam passive air sampler (PUF-PAS) deployed in nine public toilets in Seoul, Korea and by a steady-state indoor air quality model, including emission estimation using Monte-Carlo simulation. Based on the estimated C(in), cancer risk was also assessed for cleaning workers and the general population. The steady-state C(in) estimated using the estimated emission rate, which assumed that air exchange was the only process by which naphthalene was removed, was much greater than the C(in) value measured using PUF-PAS in nine public toilets, implying the importance of other removal processes, such as sorption to walls and the garments of visitors, as well as decreased emission rate owing to wetting of the naphthalene ball surface. The 95 percentile values of cancer risk for workers based on the estimation by PUF-PAS was 1.6×10⁻⁶, whereas those for the general public were lower than 1×10⁻⁶. The results suggested that naphthalene deodorant balls in public toilets may be an important cancer risk factor especially for the cleaning workers.
Assuntos

Texto completo: DisponíveL Índice: WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) Assunto principal: Poliuretanos / Inalação / Fatores de Risco / Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados / Vestuário / Medição de Risco / Exposição por Inalação / Desodorantes / Seul / Coreia (Geográfico) Tipo de estudo: Estudo de etiologia / Estudo prognóstico / Fatores de risco País/Região como assunto: Ásia Idioma: Inglês Revista: Environmental Health and Toxicology Ano de publicação: 2019 Tipo de documento: Artigo

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Texto completo: DisponíveL Índice: WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) Assunto principal: Poliuretanos / Inalação / Fatores de Risco / Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados / Vestuário / Medição de Risco / Exposição por Inalação / Desodorantes / Seul / Coreia (Geográfico) Tipo de estudo: Estudo de etiologia / Estudo prognóstico / Fatores de risco País/Região como assunto: Ásia Idioma: Inglês Revista: Environmental Health and Toxicology Ano de publicação: 2019 Tipo de documento: Artigo