Effect of Injectable Chitosan Bead Encapsulating Calcium Sulfate on Bony Consolidation in Distraction Osteogenesis

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this project was to study the effect of injectable chitosan bead encapsulating calcium sulfate, which makes sustained release of chitosan and calcium sulfate after implantation, on early bony consolidation in distraction osteogenesis of a dog model. Forty five dogs were used for this study. An external distraction device was applied to the mandibular body after vertical osteotomy and the mandibular distraction was started five days after the operation at a rate of 1mm per day up to a 10mm distraction. The experimental group was divided into a control group(I), hyaluronic acid group(II), chitosan group(III), calcium sulfate group(IV), and injectable chitosan bead encapsulating calcium sulfate group(V). Normal saline was injected in the group I. In the group II, a 1-ml volume of hyaluronic acid solution was injected into the distracted area. In the group III, a 1-ml of injectable solution of chitosan mixed with hyaluronic acid was implanted. In the group IV, a 1-ml of injectable solution of calcium sulfate mixed with hyaluronic acid was implanted. In the group V, injectable form of powders of chitosan bead encapsulating calcium sulfate mixed with a 1-ml volume of hyaluronic acid was implanted. Bone mineral density was measured in each group at third and sixth week. The mean three point failure load was measured in each group. In histological findings, new bone was generated in all groups. In the group IV and V, the formation of active woven bone was observed throughout the distracted area at sixth week. The amount of new bone formation in the distracted zone was in the order of the group IV and V, group III and group II, and control group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that injectable chitosan bead encapsulating calcium sulfate appears to be effective in early bony consolidation in distraction osteogenesis.