Mechanism of oral tolerance / 国际儿科学杂志

ABSTRACT

Oral tolerance is a state of no or low response to a specific oral antigen,but there are still normal immune responses to other antigens.Anaphylaxis may occur when oral tolerance is not established or destroyed.In recent years,the incidence of food allergy in Chinese children has increased,with an average of 5.83 ％ reported by parents.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore the mechanisms of oral tolerance.The mechanisms of oral tolerance include active suppression,bypass suppression,clonal anergy/deletion.Oral administration of low-dose antigen can induce regulatory T cells to secrete inhibitory cytokines and actively inhibit effector T cells.Oral administration of high-dose antigen can induce clonal anergy/deletion.Regulatory B cells,dendritic cells,various cytokines,gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids also play an important role in oral tolerance.This review focuses on the mechanism and some influencing factors of oral tolerance.