Inhibitory activities of plumbagin on cell migration and invasion and inducing activity on cholangiocarcinoma cell apoptosis

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the cytotoxic, apoptotic and inhibitory activities on cell migration and invasion of plumbagin in the human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell line (CL-6) in comparison with human embryonic fibroblast cell line (OUMS).Methods:Cytotoxicity activity was evaluated using MTT assay. Inhibitory effect on cell migration and invasion were investigated using label-free real-time cell analysis and QCM ECMatrix cell invasion chamber, respectively. Apoptotic activity was evaluated using flow cytometry and CellEvent™ Caspase 3/7 assay.Results:Based on results of the cytotoxicity test in CL-6 cells, 50% inhibitory concentration (ICConclusions:The cytotoxic activity and inhibition of migration and invasion including apoptosis induction in the human CCA cell line (CL-6) suggest that plumbagin could be a promising candidate for CCA chemotherapeutics. However, its relatively low selective cytotoxic effect on CCA cells is a major concern.