Mechanism of ribosome biogenesis and exercise adaptation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy / 中国组织工程研究

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Research evidence shows that skeletal muscle contractile activity can induce ribosomal biogenesis, which plays an important role in the control of skeletal muscle mass. OBJECTIVE: To review the main mechanism of ribosome biogenesis in skeletal muscle hypertrophy, upstream regulatory signals of ribosomal biogenesis in skeletal muscle, and effect of exercise on ribosomal biogenesis, and to explore the ribosome biogenesis mechanism of exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy. METHODS: Relevant studies about exercise, skeletal muscle hypertrophy and ribosome biogenesis in CNKI, Wanfang, and PubMed databases were searched. The key words were “exercise, resistance training, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, protein synthesis, ribosome biogenesis” in English and Chinese. Relevant literatures published from 1999 to 2019 were searched and screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Ribosome biogenesis as a main source of translational capacity plays an important role in muscle growth. (2) A single bout of resistance exercise can promote the ribosome biogenesis. However, cumulative bouts of resistance exercise eventually lead to the accumulation of mature rRNAs, leading to increased concentration of total RNA, which promote the growth of skeletal muscle. (3) Ribosome biogenesis may be the key molecular mechanism for the regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training. (4) Moderate-volume resistance training led to adaptations to resistance training. This hypertrophy was associated with volume-dependent regulation of total RNA. This suggests that ribosomal biogenesis regulates the dose-effect relationship between training volume and muscle hypertrophy.