Advances in research on recurrence of autoimmune encephalitis / 解放军医学杂志

ABSTRACT

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a recurring disease that refers to central nervous system inflammatory diseases caused by the body’s immune system’s abnormal immune response to neuronal antigenic components. The clinical features are characterized by acute or subacute episodes of mental behavior abnormalities, epilepsy and cognitive impairment. The positive anti-neuronal antibody in cerebrospinal fluid is the main basis for the diagnosis of AE. AE can be divided into anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein-1 encephalitis, anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor encephalitis, anti-α-amino 3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxadic acid receptor encephalitis and the like. Recurrence cases have been reported in almost all types of AE, with the most reported of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis recurrence. Recurrence is easy to occur when hormones or immunosuppressive drugs are discontinued; second-line immunotherapy can reduce the recurrence rate are the common features of all types of AE recurrence. The rate, interval, and clinical symptoms of recurrence of various types AE are different. This article summarizes the clinical features of AE recurrence and hopes to enrich clinicians’ understanding of AE recurrence.