Ginkgo biloba leaves history: A model of research and development for Chinese materia medica/phytomedicine / 中草药

ABSTRACT

Summary in this paper, the active chemical constituents from Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBL), their pharmacological effects, toxicity studies, clinical application, the comparison with the quality standard of the Pharmacopoeia, the history of medicinal development as well as the research and development of GBL in China were described, analyzed, and discussed in detail. GBL began to be recorded the medicinal value from the Song Dynasty in China. The scientists in research and development of GBL in Japanese and German have made significant pioneering contributions. The history of medicinal development of GBL has been fully embodied in the innovation, and has become a model for the research and development of Chinese materia medica and phytomedicine. The innovative drug research of GBL in China has made considerable progress, the significant results have been obtained. But the quality standard of Chinese GBL extract and its preparations have a significant difference with the European and American industries. The industry concentration is low.