Analysis of the Expression of Macrophage among Periodontitis Rat Model after Treatment with Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. Leaves Extract Gel

ABSTRACT

@#Introduction: Aggressive periodontitis has the characteristics of rapid loss of periodontal tissue and bone destruction resulting in tooth loss. Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. is widely used as herbal medicine in Indonesia. The flavonoid content in Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. is known to have a role as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant. This research aimed to analyze the role of Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. extract gel on the amount of macrophages as an inflammatory indicator on periodontal tissue of Wistar rats with periodontitis. Methods: Periodontitis was produced in Wistar rats by induced of 2 ml 109 CFU A. actinomycetemcomitans at gingival sulcus of the upper right second molar, afterward were treated with 7.5%, 15%, and 30% Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. extract gel for 3 days. Gingival tissues were removed for Hematoxylin Eosin staining for histopathological analysis and measurement of the number of macrophages. Results: Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. extract gel at concentrations of 7.5%, 15%, and 30% could significantly decrease the number of macrophages, but only group with a concentration of 15 and 30% can reduce the number of macrophages to reach an amount equivalent to the level in the negative control group. A concentration of 30% extract gel could reduce the number of macrophage cells more than the other two treatment groups. Conclusion: The concentration of 30% Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. extract gel was the most effective concentration in decreasing the amount of macrophages.