Relationship between nutritional status and growth and development of children aged 1-12 / 公共卫生与预防医学

ABSTRACT

Objective To analyze the nutritional status and growth and development of children aged 1 to 12 years old, and to provide guidance for subsequent child health care work. Methods A total of 514 children aged 1 to 12 years old underwent physical examination in our hospital were enrolled, data including weight, height, bone mineral density, serum vitamin A, vitamin D and blood trace elements were detected, thereafter, Pearson correlation analysis was used to discuss the correlation between children's growth and development and serum trace elements. Results Among the 514 children in this study, there were 224 boys and 290 girls, including 86 children in early childhood group, 165 children in preschool age group and 263 children in school age group. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 7.98% (41/514), with a significant difference among the different age groups, including 22.09% (19/86) in early childhood group, 7.88% (13/165) in preschool age group, and 4.56% (12/263) in school age group. The height and weight of children with vitamin A deficiency were lower than those of children in the same age group, and there was a positive correlation between serum vitamin A concentration and height and weight of children (P<0.05). The detection rate of vitamin D deficiency was 12.06% (62/514), with 16.07% (36/224) in girls, higher than 8.97% (26/290) in boys. The height of children with vitamin D deficiency was significantly lower than that of children with normal vitamin D levels (P<0.05), and the incidence of bone mineral deficiency was significantly higher than that of that with normal vitamin D levels. Serum vitamin D concentration was positively correlated with height in children (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with bone mineral deficiency (P<0.05). In addition, there were 51 children (9.92%) with hypocalcemia. Serum calcium levels were significantly lower in boys than in girls (P<0.05), and the incidence of hypocalcemia was significantly higher in boys than in girls (P<0.05).Serum calcium level was positively correlated with height (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with bone mineral deficiency (P<0.05). There were 35 cases (6.81%) of children with hypoglycemic zinc and 32 cases (6.23%) of children with hypoglycemic iron, and there was a positive correlation between serum zinc and iron levels and children's height and weight (P<0.05). Conclusions Vitamin A deficiency is more serious in younger children than in older children, and vitamin A deficiency affects children's height and weight; vitamin D deficiency is more serious in girls than in boys, and vitamin D deficiency affects children's bone density. Vitamin D supplementation and outdoor activities for girls are recommended. In addition, deficiencies in trace vitamins, including blood calcium, zinc and iron, will also affect children's height and weight, and a proper diet is recommended to supplement the body with essential elements.