Perioperative evaluation and management of neonates with Pierre-Robin sequence / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of neonates with Pierre-Robin sequence (PRS) who received mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO), in order to provide a basis for perioperative evaluation and management.Methods:Data of neonates diagnosed with PRS and receiving MDO in the Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center between December 2016 and December 2019 were collected for a retrospective study.According to the types of respiratory support needed before surgery, they can be categorized into 3 groups the invasive ventilation group, the noninvasive ventilation group, the oxygen therapy/positioning therapy group.According to the usage of sedative and analgesic drugs after surgery, they were categorized into 2 groups the sedative-analgesic group(Fentanyl Citrate and Midazolam) and the single sedative group(Midazolam alone).Results:A total of 31 children were admitted, 22 cases of whom received MDO at an age of (22.09±8.42) d, including 11 cases in the invasive ventilation group, 5 cases in the non-invasive ventilation group, and 6 cases in the therapy/positioning therapy group before surgery; there was statistical significance in severe respiratory distress (81.8% vs.60.0% vs.0) and feeding difficulties (100.0% vs.80.0% vs.50.0%) among the 3 groups (all P<0.05), while there was no difference in laryngomalacia rate(63.6% vs.20.0% vs.33.3%), non-gain in weight before surgery(81.8% vs.80.0% vs.66.7%), postoperative ventilation duration[(7.5±3.4) d vs.(7.2±5.3) d vs.(6.9±4.1) d]and hospital stay[(36.3±9.3) d vs.(34.1±0.3) d vs.(33.8±7.5) d] (all P>0.05). Among these 22 patients, there were 9 cases in the sedative-analgesic group, and 13 cases in the single sedative group.Compared with the single sedative group, cases in the sedative-analgesic group had significantly lower extubation rate (0 vs.15.4%) and shorter hospital stay[(32.3±5.2) d vs.(39.8±7.3) d], and the difference were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Besides, there were no differences in postoperative ventilation duration[(7.4 ± 3.9) d vs.(7.6 ± 4.2) d]between both groups ( P>0.05). The postoperative remission rate of airway obstruction was 100%. Conclusions:MDO in children in their neonatal period could achieve favorable efficacy.The duration of postoperative ventilator support and hospital stay in children with severe airway obstruction could not be prolonged compared with children with mild obstruction, and postoperative sedation and analgesic management can reduce the extubation rate.