Correlation of smoking with tophi under ultrasound / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the relationship between tophi detected by ultrasound and smoking.Methods:A total of 863 male gout patients over 18 years old in Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People′s Hospital were selected. According to the results of ultrasound, patients were divided into two groups non-tophi group ( n=527) and tophi group ( n=336). Independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test were used for between-group comparison. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze independent influencing factors. Results:The proportion of smokers in non-tophi group and tophi group was 43.3% vs 65.5% respectively. There was significant difference between two groups ( P<0.01). With the increase of smoking index, the prevalence of tophi increases gradually ( P<0.05), so did the prevalence of multiple tophi as well as the number and size of gouty stone ( P<0.05). The proportion of tophi in other joints of foot in smokers was significantly higher than that in non-smokers ( P<0.05). The stratified analysis of smoking index showed that when 0<smoking index≤400 and smoking index>400, the risk of developing gout was increased by 1.195 and 1.779 times, respectively ( OR=2.195, 95% CI 1.507-3.197, P<0.01; OR=2.779, 95% CI 1.761-4.385, P<0.01). Conclusion:Smoking is a risk factor for the occurrence of gouty stone. Patients with gout who smoke should quit smoking as soon as possible to reduce the risk of tophi.