Factors affecting the outcome of adult patients with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Non- Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia: A retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study

ABSTRACT

@#<p style="text-align justify;"><strong>Introduction:</strong> Pneumonia continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Locally, pneumonia is the 3rd cause of death (2016). Currently, one of the concerns is the rise of resistant microorganisms particularly MRSA. Knowledge regarding MRSA pneumonia is mostly from international data. This study aims to determine the factors that may affect the outcome of MRSA and non-MRSA pneumonia as well as describe the susceptibility patterns of its etiologic agents.</p><p style="text-align justify;"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study. The setting is a tertiary government hospital. The target subjects are patients 18 y/o and above, with bacteriologically-confirmed pneumonia, and were admitted in 2017.</p><p style="text-align justify;"><strong>Results:</strong> The results revealed a high rate of MRSA pneumonia (88.2%), most are community-acquired (90%), and factors associated with mortality were male, Type 2 DM, smoking history, radiographic findings of congestion, and significant difference was noted. For Non-MRSA pneumonia factors associated with mortality were erythrocytosis, kidney and liver disease, cancer, previous cerebrovascular disease, previous admission (ARMMC), number of comorbidities, findings of altered sensorium, chest retractions, DBP ? 60 mmHg, radiographic findings of pulmonary congestion, and classification of CAP-MR. Morbidity factors included anemia, trauma, multiple comorbidities, radiographic findings of bilateral infiltrates, unilateral/bilateral consolidation, unilateral/bilateral minimal pleural effusion, subcutaneous emphysema, congestion, and infection with multiple bacteria. The first antibiogram for the institution revealed a poor susceptibility pattern for the usually used empiric treatment.</p><p style="text-align justify;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study reveals a high rate of MRSA pneumonia, with several factors associated with its mortality. In terms of morbidity, no significant difference was noted from the variables measured. For Non-MRSA pneumonia which is seen in the majority of the subjects, several factors associated with mortality were noted and unlike MRSA pneumonia the morbidity is affected by the presence of anemia, trauma, multiple comorbidities, etc.<br />The antibiogram showed a poor susceptibility to the usually used empiric treatment.</p>