ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Many studies identified the risk factors and prognostic factors related to in-hospital COVID-19 mortality using sophisticated laboratory tests. Cost and the availability of supporting blood tests may be problematic in resource-limited settings. This multicenter cohort study was conducted to assess the factors associated with mortality of COVID-19 patients aged 18 years and older, based on history taking, physical examination, and simple blood tests to be used in resource-limited settings. METHODS: The study was conducted between July 2020 and January 2021 in five COVID-19 referral hospitals in Indonesia. Among 1048 confirmed cases of COVID-19, 160 (15%) died during hospitalization. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed eight predictors of in-hospital mortality, namely increased age, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fatigue, dyspnea, altered mental status, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) >= 5.8, and severe-critical condition. This scoring system had an Area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 84.7%. With cut-off score of 6, the sensitivity was 76.3% and the specificity was 78.2%. CONCLUSION: The result of this practical prognostic scoring system may be a guide to decision making of physicians and help in the education of family members related to the possible outcome.
ABSTRACT
This study examines technology in mediating human capital, customer capital, and organizational capital on SMEs' performance during Covid-19. To test the hypothesis, the PLS-SEM method was applied. Data collection was conducted by sharing questionnaires to 150 owners of small industrial clusters in East Java, Indonesia. The empirical results show that human capital and technology usage directly affect significantly on SMEs' performance. Furthermore, technology usage has a significant influence in mediating human capital on firms' performance. We provide implications for using technology for practice and using a socio-technical approach by SMEs to face challenges related to their work organization in response to COVID-19 while maintaining their activities. We hope that our reflection will be a source of thought for scholars and practitioners to explore further using technology for SMEs to secure business continuity during COVID-19.