ABSTRACT
The pandemic of COVID-19 in worldwide causes recent millions of morbidity and mortality in all countries and is the most important challenge in the world in recent years. Coronavirus is a single-stranded RNA virus and infection with COVID-19 leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung inflammation, cytokine storm, and death. The other complications include endothelial dysfunction, activation of coagulation, thromboembolic events, and vascular disease. Cardiovascular complications such as myocardial and stroke ischemia, pulmonary thromboembolism, systemic arterial, and deep vein thrombosis were reported. In this review, we presented immuno-pathological mechanisms and the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system, heart, vessels, coagulation system, and molecular glance of immuno-inflammation to the COVID-19's pathology on the cardiovascular system.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cardiovascular Diseases , Thromboembolism , Humans , COVID-19/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , SARS-CoV-2 , Thromboembolism/etiology , Inflammation/complicationsABSTRACT
The pandemic of COVID-19 in worldwide causes recent millions of morbidity and mortality in all countries and is the most important challenge in the world in recent years. Coronavirus is a single-stranded RNA virus and infection with COVID-19 leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung inflammation, cytokine storm, and death. The other complications include endothelial dysfunction, activation of coagulation, thromboembolic events, and vascular disease. Cardiovascular complications such as myocardial and stroke ischemia, pulmonary thromboembolism, systemic arterial, and deep vein thrombosis were reported. In this review, we presented immuno-pathological mechanisms and the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system, heart, vessels, coagulation system, and molecular glance of immuno-inflammation to the COVID-19's pathology on the cardiovascular system.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cardiovascular Diseases , Thromboembolism , Humans , COVID-19/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , SARS-CoV-2 , Thromboembolism/etiology , Inflammation/complicationsABSTRACT
Complete heart block (CHB) is a serious health condition, and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is an important autoimmune disease. In the COVID-19 pandemy, several vaccines were developed for the COVID-19 disease that shown several side effects, and some of these complications are still unknown. This is the first report of CHB in a patient with history of PAN after COVID-19 vaccination. A 68-year-old man with a history of PAN referred to our hospital, complaining of presyncope episodes and dizziness after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Physical examination, laboratory tests, and transthoracic echocardiography were normal. In his electrocardiogram, a narrow QRS complex, AV dissociation, and junctional escape rhythm were seen. Coronary angiography showed a mild coronary artery disease. The patient, suffering from PAN for years, was hypothesized due to CHB a few days after COVID-19 vaccination. This case report suggests that COVID-19 vaccines may interrupt the conduction system of the heart and the fact that underlying PAN may predispose to CHB following COVID-19 vaccination. Further studies are needed to accurately assess a possible association between PAN, CHB, and COVID-19 vaccines.