Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccines in Primary Prevention Against Infections and Reduction in Severity of Illness Following the Outbreak of Sars-Cov-2 Omicron Variant in Shanghai

Objectives: To evaluate COVID-19 vaccines in primary prevention against infections and lessening the severity of illness following the most recent outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Shanghai. Method(s): To investigate whether inactivated vaccines were effective in protecting against COVID-19 infections, we estimated the odds ratio (OR) of the vaccination in COVID-19 cases vs. matched community-based healthy controls. To evaluate the potential benefits of vaccination in lowering the risk of symptomatic infection (vs. asymptomatic), we estimated the relative risk (RR) of symptomatic infections among diagnosed patients. We also applied the multivariate stepwise Logistic regression analyses to measure the risk of disease severity (symptomatic vs. asymptomatic and moderate/severe vs. mild) in COVID-19 patient cohort with vaccination status as an independent variable while controlling for potential confounding factors. Result(s): Out of the 153,544 COVID-19 patients included in the analysis, 118,124 (76.9%) patients had been vaccinated and 143,225(93.3%) were asymptomatic patients. Of the 10,319 symptomatic patients, 10,031(97.2%), 281(2.7%) and 7(0.1%) experienced mild, moderate, and severe infections, respectively. There is no evidence that the vaccination helped protect from infections (OR=0.82, p=0.613). The vaccination, however, offered a small but significant protection against symptomatic infections (RR=0.92, p < 0.001) and halved the risk of moderate/severe infections (OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.37 - 0.61). Older age (> 60 years) and malignant tumors were significantly associated with moderate/severe infections. Gender also appeared to be a risk factor for symptomatic infections, with females being associated with a lower risk for moderate/severe illness. Conclusion(s): Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines helped provide a small but significant protection against symptomatic infections and halved risk of moderate/severe illness among symptomatic patients. The vaccination was not effective in blocking COVID-19 Omicron variant community spread.Copyright © 2023

Investigation on health and professional consciousness and mental health of military medical students during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic.

Objective To understand the health and professional consciousness and mental health of military medical students during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Methods From Feb. 17 to Feb. 20, 2020, an electronic questionnaire was used to investigate the attitudes and coping styles of military medical students towards quarantine and delay of school opening, their attitudes towards online teaching, and health and professional consciousness during COVID-19 epidemic;and their mental health status was scored by symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90). Results A total of 2 736 valid questionnaires were collected. The students basically understood and agreed with the quarantine and delay of school opening during the epidemic, and 70.83% (1 938/2 736) supported online teaching. During the quarantine period, 85.31% (2 334/2 736) of the students chose to listen to music or watch TV series for relaxation, and 64.69% (1 770/2 736) insisted on learning, reading literatures or writing papers. Students could basically form the habits of washing hands frequently and wearing masks, and their consciousness of health protection was higher than that before the epidemic. For military medical students, their professional beliefs and determination have been strengthened during the epidemic, and many students wanted to join in the fight against the epidemic. The survey found that 12.94% (354/2 736) of the students had mental health symptoms, and the top 3 SCL-90 factors were obsessive-compulsive disorder (78.53%, 278/354), interpersonal sensitivity (64.12%, 227/354), and depression (44.07%, 156/354). Conclusion During the epidemic, military medical students can generally adapt to the difficult environment and improve themselves. The mental health problems of military medical students have their own characteristics, special attention must to be paid, and the humanistic education of medical students should be strengthened.Copyright © 2022, Second Military Medical University Press. All rights reserved.

Investigation on health and professional consciousness and mental health of military medical students during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic

Objective To understand the health and professional consciousness and mental health of military medical students during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Methods From Feb. 17 to Feb. 20, 2020, an electronic questionnaire was used to investigate the attitudes and coping styles of military medical students towards quarantine and delay of school opening, their attitudes towards online teaching, and health and professional consciousness during COVID-19 epidemic;and their mental health status was scored by symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90). Results A total of 2 736 valid questionnaires were collected. The students basically understood and agreed with the quarantine and delay of school opening during the epidemic, and 70.83% (1 938/2 736) supported online teaching. During the quarantine period, 85.31% (2 334/2 736) of the students chose to listen to music or watch TV series for relaxation, and 64.69% (1 770/2 736) insisted on learning, reading literatures or writing papers. Students could basically form the habits of washing hands frequently and wearing masks, and their consciousness of health protection was higher than that before the epidemic. For military medical students, their professional beliefs and determination have been strengthened during the epidemic, and many students wanted to join in the fight against the epidemic. The survey found that 12.94% (354/2 736) of the students had mental health symptoms, and the top 3 SCL-90 factors were obsessive-compulsive disorder (78.53%, 278/354), interpersonal sensitivity (64.12%, 227/354), and depression (44.07%, 156/354). Conclusion During the epidemic, military medical students can generally adapt to the difficult environment and improve themselves. The mental health problems of military medical students have their own characteristics, special attention must to be paid, and the humanistic education of medical students should be strengthened.Copyright © 2022, Second Military Medical University Press. All rights reserved.

Multi-scale Mechanisms of Maxing Shigantang in Treating Pneumonia Based on Transcriptomic Data.

Objective: Pneumonia is an infectious inflammation of the alveoli,distal airway,and interstitium caused by bacterial,viral,and other pathogens. Maxing Shigantang,originated from Treatise On Cold Damage Diseases,is a classic prescription for treating pneumonia,with significant clinical efficacy. However,its treatment mechanism is still elusive. Method(s): In that paper,the transcriptome-based multi-scale network pharmacology was used to reveal the overall pharmacological mechanism of Maxing Shigantang in treating pneumonia from six scales of tissue,cell,pathological process,biological process,signaling pathway, and target. Result(s):At the tissue level,Maxing Shigantang mainly acted on the focal tissue of pneumonia-lung and the main inflammatory immune tissues-blood and spleen. Analysis of cell,pathological process and biological process suggested that Maxing Shigantang could treat pneumonia by reversing inflammatory and immune functions and improving cardiopulmonary and vascular injury caused by pneumonia. Analysis of signaling pathway and target showed that Maxing Shigantang regulated inflammatory immune response pathways such as "coronavirus disease-COVID-19" and "Toll-like receptor signaling pathway",and related targets such as "MAPKAPK3" and "NRG1". Conclusion(s):This paper,from molecular to tissue levels,indicated Maxing Shigantang treated pneumonia mainly by regulating inflammatory immune response and improving cardiopulmonary and vascular injury.Copyright © 2023, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica. All rights reserved.

Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of adult mental stress-induced hypertension in China (2022 Revision): Part B

Mental stress has been recognized as an essential risk factor for hypertension. Therefore, experts specializing in cardiology, psychiatry, and Traditional Chinese Medicine organized by the Psycho-cardiology Group, College of Cardiovascular Physicians of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Hypertension Group of the Chinese Society of Cardiology proposed the expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of adult mental stress-induced hypertension in March 2021, which includes the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the mental stress-induced hypertension. This consensus will hopefully facilitate the clinical practice of this disorder. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the primary global sources of psychosocial stressors since the beginning of 2020, and the revision of this expert consensus in 2022 has increased the relevant content. This consensus consists of two parts. The sections of Part A include (I) Background and epidemiological characteristics, (II) Pathogenesis, and (III) Diagnosis. The sections of Part B contain (IV) Treatment recommendations, and (V) Prospects. This article presents Part B of the consensus. © 2022 Heart and Mind ;Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.

Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of adult mental stress induced hypertension in China (2022 revision): Part A

Mental stress has been recognized as an essential risk factor for hypertension. Therefore, experts specializing in cardiology, psychiatry, and Traditional Chinese Medicine organized by the Psycho-Cardiology Group of College of Cardiovascular Physicians of Chinese Medical Doctor Association and Hypertension Group of Chinese Society of Cardiology proposed the expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of adult mental stress-induced hypertension in March 2021, which includes the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the mental stress-induced hypertension. This consensus will hopefully facilitate the clinical practice of this disorder. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the primary global sources of psychosocial stressors since the beginning of 2020, and the revision of this expert consensus in 2022 has increased the relevant content. This consensus consists of Part A and Part B. Part A includes (I) Background and epidemiological characteristics, (II) Pathogenesis, and (III) Diagnosis and Part B includes (IV) Treatment recommendations and (V) Prospects. This part presents the content of Part A. © 2022 Heart and Mind ;Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.

Multi-scale Mechanisms of Maxing Shigantang in Treating Pneumonia Based on Transcriptomic Data

Objective： Pneumonia is an infectious inflammation of the alveoli，distal airway，and interstitium caused by bacterial，viral，and other pathogens. Maxing Shigantang，originated from Treatise On Cold Damage Diseases，is a classic prescription for treating pneumonia，with significant clinical efficacy. However，its treatment mechanism is still elusive. Method： In that paper，the transcriptome-based multi-scale network pharmacology was used to reveal the overall pharmacological mechanism of Maxing Shigantang in treating pneumonia from six scales of tissue，cell，pathological process，biological process，signaling pathway， and target. Result：At the tissue level，Maxing Shigantang mainly acted on the focal tissue of pneumonia-lung and the main inflammatory immune tissues-blood and spleen. Analysis of cell，pathological process and biological process suggested that Maxing Shigantang could treat pneumonia by reversing inflammatory and immune functions and improving cardiopulmonary and vascular injury caused by pneumonia. Analysis of signaling pathway and target showed that Maxing Shigantang regulated inflammatory immune response pathways such as "coronavirus disease-COVID-19" and "Toll-like receptor signaling pathway"，and related targets such as "MAPKAPK3" and "NRG1". Conclusion：This paper，from molecular to tissue levels，indicated Maxing Shigantang treated pneumonia mainly by regulating inflammatory immune response and improving cardiopulmonary and vascular injury. © 2023, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica. All rights reserved.

The contingency effects of dependence relationship on supply chain information sharing and agility

Purpose: Supply chain agility (SCA) is the primary strategy for reducing impacts and quick recovery when supply chains experience a disruption risk, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study will investigate how SCA can be achieved through supply chain information sharing (SCIS) under the different dependence relationships (DR) with suppliers or customers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this issue. Design/methodology/approach: Based on information process and resource dependency theories, this study constructs and empirically tests a proposed model of the relationships amongst the three dimensions of SCIS and the two areas of SCA and the contingency effects of two types of DR on those relationships. Using a dataset collected from 400 manufacturers in China, the authors tested this theoretical model using multi-group and structural path analysis. Findings: The results of the structural path and multi-group analyses show that (1) all dimensions of SCIS are positively correlated with both areas of SCA and (2) dependence on the supplier and dependence on the customer have completely different impacts on the relationship between SCIS and SCA. Originality/value: This study can improve the understanding of the multidimensional concepts of SCIS and SCA and relationships between them under two different DR conditions in the Chinese manufacturing setting. It contributes to IS and the SCA literature and provides theoretically driven and empirical explanations for the diverse dynamics between the dependence on the supplier and customer. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein using terahertz meta-biosensor

The new type of coronavirus pneumonia (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the cumulative number of confirmed diagnoses worldwide to exceed 1.7 Billion, and it has led to heavy damage to all aspects of the world. Therefore, it is crucial to detect SARS-CoV-2 with high sensitivity, free-label, and rapid quantification. Here, a terahertz (THz) metamaterial (MM) biosensor was designed and has achieved a high-sensitivity and quantitative detection of trace SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein. © 2021 IEEE

Development of a SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay for detection of novel porcine parvovirus 7.

In this study, we developed a SYBR Green I real-time PCR method for the rapid and sensitive detection of novel porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7). Specific primers were designed based on the highly conserved region within the Capsid gene of PPV7. The established method was 1,000 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR method and had a detection limit of 35.6 copies. This method was specific and had no cross-reactions with PCV2, PCV3, PRV, PEDV, PPV1, and PPV6. Experiments testing the intra and interassay precision demonstrated a high reproducibility. Testing the newly established method with 200 clinical samples revealed a detection rate up to 17.5% higher than that of the conventional PCR assay. The established method could provide technical support for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of PPV7.

Fever clinic in non-epidemic area during coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: An analysis of countermeasures

Objective To analyze the diagnosis and treatment data after the adjustment of various measures in the hospital fever clinic during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, so as to provide experience for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in non-epidemic areas. Methods We collected the diagnosis and treatment data from the fever clinic of Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) in non-epidemic area from Dec. 21, 2019 to Feb. 22, 2020 and Jan. 1 to Mar. 5, 2019, and divided them into four groups: Group A (during the 2020 COVID-19 epidemic), from Jan. 22 to Feb. 22, 2020;group B (before the COVID-19 epidemic), from Dec. 21, 2019 to Jan. 21, 2020;group C (in the same period as group A in 2019), from Feb. 2 to Mar. 5, 2019;and group D (in the same period as group B in 2019), from Jan. 1 to Feb. 1, 2019. Year-on-year and month-on-month comparisons of the above data were conducted. Results The overall situation of the fever clinic around the Spring Festival in 2020 was similar to that of the same period in 2019. The year-on-year comparison results showed that during the COVID-19 epidemic, the number of daily patients in the fever clinic was significantly decreased ([114.3±62.9] cases vs [171.7±37.0] cases), the single consultation time of each physician was prolonged ([11.7±1.8] min vs [6.5±1.3] min), but the average waiting time of patients was decreased ([7.5±0.6] min vs [22.8±1.5] min) (all P<0.05). The month-on-month comparison results indicated that the number of daily patients in the fever clinic was significantly decreased during the COVID-19 epidemic ([114.3±62.9] cases vs [216.3±41.8] cases), the single consultation time of each physician was prolonged [( 11.7±1.8] min vs[ 5.6±0.8] min), but the average waiting time of patients was decreased ([7.5±0.6] min vs [23.3±3.2] min) (all P<0.05). The proportion of computed tomography (CT) examination during the 2020 COVID-19 epidemic was significantly higher than that in the same period of 2019 (7.9%[ 292/3 658] vs 3.7% [206/5 493]). Although the examination time was prolonged due to strengthened protective measures ([12.5±3.8] min vs [10.0±3.2] min) (P<0.05), the time for patients to have the CT examination report was significantly shortened ([10.6±2.5] min vs [58.4±9.6] min) (P<0.01). Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic, measures such as adjusting the relevant procedures of the fever clinic and equipping special CT machine in non-epidemic area can reduce the daily consultation time of physicians, improving the diagnosis and treatment efficiency and reducing cross infection.