ABSTRACT
The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to spread rapidly worldwide, despite the increased prevention and treatment measures being taken. Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective and effective methods of preventing infectious diseases in the modern world, including one of the most effective methods of combating COVID-19. Over several centuries of history, vaccination has proven its effectiveness in saving people's lives, reducing the spread of infectious diseases among the population, as well as reducing mortality. The effectiveness of immunization against COVID-19 is an urgent problem at the moment, especially when it comes to vaccination. The aim of the work is to study the effect of vaccination on the incidence of a new coronavirus infection among residents of the Saratov Region. Material and methods. Methods of retrospective epidemiological analysis of trends in the epidemic process COVID-19 were used. The obtained materials were processed using methods of variational statistics (Excel program). The analysis was based on data from daily monitoring of laboratory diagnostic results (more than 1780 thousand PCR diagnostic studies were conducted during the epidemic), COVID-19 cases and deaths, taking into account the coverage of the population with preventive vaccinations. The statistical significance of the differences was assessed according to the Student's criterion. The differences were considered significant at t<=2. Results and discussion. As of June 30, 2021, more than 267 thousand people or 11% of the population of the Saratov region were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. There were no complications after the introduction of vaccines. In the structure of all medical immunobiological preparations that were immunized, the proportion of the vaccine "Gam-COVID-Vac" was 97.88%, "Epivaccorona" - 1.69% and "Covivac" - 0.43%. According to preliminary data, 361 of the vaccinated people were infected with SARS-CoV-2, of which: 255 (70.6%) had a mild course of the disease with manifestations of catarrhal syndrome, 84 (23.3%) had community-acquired pneumonia, 22 (6%) had no symptoms of the disease. No deaths have been registered among the vaccinated. The overall incidence of COVID-19 among vaccinated was 0.06%. The incidence rate of COVID-19 among the vaccinated population is 6.025+/-0.15 per 10 thousand people, which is significantly lower (t>2) than among the unvaccinated (103.8+/-0.63 per 10 thousand people), efficiency index - 17.23, epidemiological efficiency coefficient - 94.20% Conclusion. Insufficient coverage of the population of the Saratov Region with vaccination (as of June 30, 2021, 11% were fully vaccinated) does not allow to influence the reduction of the incidence of COVID-19. The high epidemiological effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination of the adult population with domestic vaccines, including people over 65 years of age, has been revealed.Copyright © 2022 Geotar Media Publishing Group
ABSTRACT
The aim - to study was to assess the condition of the lungs and pleural cavities in HIV-infected patients with community-acquired pneumonia by ultrasound examination. Material and methods. During the period from May 2020 to February 2021, 7 HIV-infected patients with community-acquired pneumonia were observed, who underwent ultrasound of the lungs and pleural cavities. Results and discussion. Ultrasound of the lungs is the most affordable method of diagnosis in outpatient settings, at the pre-hospital stage to solve the issue of patient routing. Ultrasound is mandatory for quick triage of patients with suspected pneumonia in the emergency department. Given that ultrasound is not associated with radiation exposure to the patient, the examination of pregnant women, newborns and children with suspected pneumonia of any etiology should begin with ultrasound of the lungs, pleural cavities and mediastinum. Ultrasound of the lungs can be performed after pneumonia in order to monitor rehabilitation to assess the nature of changes in the chest cavity and determine the prognosis of the disease. The article presents a clinical example of lung ultrasound in an HIV-infected patient with pneumonia of unknown etiology.Copyright © 2021 Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to spread rapidly worldwide, despite the increased prevention and treatment measures being taken. Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective and effective methods of preventing infectious diseases in the modern world, including one of the most effective methods of combating COVID-19. Over several centuries of history, vaccination has proven its effectiveness in saving people's lives, reducing the spread of infectious diseases among the population, as well as reducing mortality. The effectiveness of immunization against COVID-19 is an urgent problem at the moment, especially when it comes to vaccination. The aim of the work is to study the effect of vaccination on the incidence of a new coronavirus infection among residents of the Saratov Region. Material and methods. Methods of retrospective epidemiological analysis of trends in the epidemic process COVID-19 were used. The obtained materials were processed using methods of variational statistics (Excel program). The analysis was based on data from daily monitoring of laboratory diagnostic results (more than 1780 thousand PCR diagnostic studies were conducted during the epidemic), COVID-19 cases and deaths, taking into account the coverage of the population with preventive vaccinations. The statistical significance of the differences was assessed according to the Student's criterion. The differences were considered significant at t≤2. Results and discussion. As of June 30, 2021, more than 267 thousand people or 11% of the population of the Saratov region were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. There were no complications after the introduction of vaccines. In the structure of all medical immunobiological preparations that were immunized, the proportion of the vaccine “Gam-COVID-Vac” was 97.88%, “Epivaccorona” - 1.69% and “Covivac” - 0.43%. According to preliminary data, 361 of the vaccinated people were infected with SARS-CoV-2, of which: 255 (70.6%) had a mild course of the disease with manifestations of catarrhal syndrome, 84 (23.3%) had community-acquired pneumonia, 22 (6%) had no symptoms of the disease. No deaths have been registered among the vaccinated. The overall incidence of COVID-19 among vaccinated was 0.06%. The incidence rate of COVID-19 among the vaccinated population is 6.025±0.15 per 10 thousand people, which is significantly lower (t>2) than among the unvaccinated (103.8±0.63 per 10 thousand people), efficiency index - 17.23, epidemiological efficiency coefficient - 94.20% Conclusion. Insufficient coverage of the population of the Saratov Region with vaccination (as of June 30, 2021, 11% were fully vaccinated) does not allow to influence the reduction of the incidence of COVID-19. The high epidemiological effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination of the adult population with domestic vaccines, including people over 65 years of age, has been revealed. © 2022 Geotar Media Publishing Group
ABSTRACT
The aim - to study was to assess the condition of the lungs and pleural cavities in HIV-infected patients with community-acquired pneumonia by ultrasound examination. Material and methods. During the period from May 2020 to February 2021, 7 HIV-infected patients with community-acquired pneumonia were observed, who underwent ultrasound of the lungs and pleural cavities. Results and discussion. Ultrasound of the lungs is the most affordable method of diagnosis in outpatient settings, at the pre-hospital stage to solve the issue of patient routing. Ultrasound is mandatory for quick triage of patients with suspected pneumonia in the emergency department. Given that ultrasound is not associated with radiation exposure to the patient, the examination of pregnant women, newborns and children with suspected pneumonia of any etiology should begin with ultrasound of the lungs, pleural cavities and mediastinum. Ultrasound of the lungs can be performed after pneumonia in order to monitor rehabilitation to assess the nature of changes in the chest cavity and determine the prognosis of the disease. The article presents a clinical example of lung ultrasound in an HIV-infected patient with pneumonia of unknown etiology. © 2021 Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training. All rights reserved.