ABSTRACT
Food security, which is considered to be a public health-related socioeconomic factor, ensures the health of society's people and plays a significant role in improving governance. This concept is closely related to the concept of stability of food. The stability of food means that there should be adequate, quality, and nutritious food for all human beings, in all places and at all times, and no factor should prevent this important issue. Stability in food production and supply is at the heart of food security and makes food systems resilient in times of crisis. The negative impact of climate change on agricultural production, intensified inflationary trends, high food prices, increasing food waste, increasing the need for food imports, and, more significantly, ongoing international sanctions make it difficult to access affordable food and pose challenges to Iran's food security. Moreover, the COVID-19 crisis has reduced the incomes of families and government by intensifying economic pressures on government incomes as well as rising unemployment, which has directly exacerbated food insecurity. The link between indicators of food stability and food security in Iran is the subject of this article. The key indicators selected are the percent of arable land equipped for irrigation, the cereal imports dependency ratio, the value of food imports over total merchandise exports, per capita food production variability, and, per capita food supply variability. Results show Iran is vulnerable to the arable land equipped for irrigation, food imports over total merchandise exports, and the cereal imports dependency ratio while being resilient per capita food production and food supply variability. © 2022 Ghalibaf et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Human monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the Poxviridae family. Recently, the cases of this disease have been increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to review and update information in the field of history, epidemiology, disease transmission, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and prevention of monkeypox. Methods: The present study is a review article that extracts related articles by searching the domestic database (Science Information Database [SID] and Magiran) and foreign databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the keywords of monkeypox disease, monkeypox virus, Poxviridae, monkeypox outbreak, smallpox virus. Results: This re-emerging disease is often endemic in central and western Africa. Since May 2022, an outbreak of this disease has been reported in non-endemic countries as well. According to the World Health Organization, in the recent outbreak, the disease was first observed in developed countries, especially in European countries, and often in men with sexual contact. Outbreaks in some parts of the world have raised concerns about another pandemic similar to COVID-19. Currently, monkeypox is a major threat to public health, so it requires urgent multidisciplinary collaboration between clinics and basic sciences to investigate the origin and chain of disease transmission, Rapid diagnostic techniques, vaccine evaluation, and treatment and control strategies. Conclusion: The experiences from past pandemics, especially the Covid-19 pandemic, are among the opportunities that can be used to deal with and control emerging and re-emerging diseases such as monkeypox. © 2022 Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Physical inactivity and poor dietary pattern are considered as health related challenges in ASD (ASD) which seems to be affected by Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this clinical trial was to investigate the effect of functional training along with online nutritional education on metabolic related biomarkers in children with ASD. 80 verified children with ASD (age=9.73 ± 1.29, weight=49.94 ± 2.08 kg, stature=146.08 ± 40 cm, BMI percentile= 64.88 ± 2.89, FM percentage+24.71 ± 1.48) were randomly divided into four groups including: (1) functional training, (2) online nutritional education, 3) training+ education and 4) control group. Pre-test was taken for metabolic related biomarkers and each experimental group received their interventions for 8 weeks. Post-test was taken at the end of 8 weeks. The results from this study, did not show significant changes for WHR (sig=0.06). Significant changes was indicated for FM (sig<0.001), TC(sig<0.001), TG (sig=0.006), HDL (sig<0.001), LDL (sig=0.001), HOMA (sig=0.04). In conclusion, functional training and online nutritional education can be considered as beneficial interventions for metabolic related biomarkers improvement in children with ASD during Covid-19 pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: The new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak initiated from China in late December 2019, has posed a great global health threat. Since patients with high blood pressure, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are at high risk of COVID-19, this study aims to investigate the prevalence, severity, clinical manifestations, and mortality rate in COVID-19 patients with underlying diseases compared to those without underlying diseases. Methods & Materials: This study was performed on 1408 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Golestan, Hajar, Khanevadeh and Besat hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Required data including disease prevalence, severity, clinical manifestations and mortality rate in patients with and without underlying diseases were collected and then analyzed using statistical tests in SPSS software, considering a significance level of P<0.05. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the AJA University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR. AJAUMS. REC.1399.091). Ethical principles have been observed in accordance with the guidelines of the National Ethics Committee and the COPE regulations.