Presyllabic Method to Correct Dysorthography in Elementary School Students

The process of teaching writing was impacted during virtual education by the Covid 19 pandemic in the first years of study, due to the inadequate use of methodological strategies. Dysorthography is a disorder that affects between 10 to 15% of the population in Latin America and is considered one of the first factors that affect the student's school performance, so we sought to implement a methodological guide of phonemes to contribute positively to learning in students in the third year of basic education. The research was field, descriptive, and bibliographic documentation was applied. Through the application of the methodological guide of phonemes, it was possible to observe the continuous improvement of the students in the learning process. The development of the research was necessary, since it was possible to determine in the first instance that the students do not have a correct spatial orientation, there is confusion with the letters b and d, because they do not recognize phonemes, so their writing is not legible, it is evident that dysorthography affects 70% of the academic performance in the area of language and literature. After four months of application of this phoneme guide, the results were excellent, with an 80% improvement in the teaching and learning process. It is considered that 52% of the students recognize the phonemes, 30% correctly apply punctuation marks and a 40% improvement in performance has been observed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Working Conditions Of The Nursing Professional, Its Influence On The Quality Of Care In Times Of Covid-19 In A Hospital In Ecuador

Nursing professionals constitute the most important workforce in the health system as care managers, since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic they have worked in the first line of care demonstrating quality of care, vocation, commitment and courage to exercise their profession despite the risks, discrimination, deterioration of their physical, mental and emotional health to which they have been exposed. Objective(s): to identify the working conditions of professional nurses, their influence on the quality of care in times of COVID-19. Methodology Type of study: descriptive, correlational-transversal;population 40 nursing professionals and 40 patients from Hospital Leon Becerra Camacho, II level of care with referral for COVID-19 patients;Two instruments were applied: Survey "Nursing professional working conditions" with a reliability of Cronbach's Alpha 0.878;the survey "Quality of care" with a reliability of 0.867. Result(s): 82.5% of nursing professionals have regular working conditions, 17.5% have good working conditions;in quality of care 85% of patients receive very good quality of care, 15% good quality of care;For the correlation of the variables, the Chi Square test was used, obtaining a p-value = 0.677, which indicates that the working conditions of nursing professionals are independent of the quality of care. Conclusion(s): There is no relationship between the working conditions nursing professional and the quality of care in times of COVID-19. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

A Randomized-controlled Simulation based Pilot Trial of Patient Barrier Devices on Resuscitation Quality for Patients Under Investigation for COVID-19

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had placed constraints on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), including early intubation, minimizing bag-valve mask ventilation1, and using protective equipment and barriers during resuscitation. Patient barrier devices have been introduced in emergency departments and operating rooms, consisting of plastic drapes over the patient9, or the use of an acrylic box.2 Both of these adjuncts reduce aerosolization of oropharyngeal particles from the patient, and can facilitate video-based intubation.2,3 However, it is unknown whether these devices help or hinder the ultimate resuscitation quality in cardiopulmonary arrest patients. Our specific question addresses the effect of a patient barrier device and COVID-19 resuscitation recommendations on resuscitation quality. We hypothesize that a simple patient barrier consisting of a plastic drape reduces healthcare worker (HCW) contamination without affecting resuscitation quality. Methods: This was a single-center randomized controlled pilot trial, in which in-hospital teams of 4 to 6 HCWs were randomized to either use a plastic drape (intervention) or no plastic drape (control) for a simulated adolescent cardiopulmonary arrest. The manikin was modified to emanate simulated viral particles (GloGerm®, Moab, UT) from the trachea detectable using ultraviolet light. Teams managed a cardiopulmonary arrest until intubation, using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and PALS/ACLS algorithms. Data were captured via arbitrated video review. Resuscitation data included time-to-bagging, time-to-intubation, and chest compression quality metrics - depth, rate, and lean. Contamination data were collected visually, marking the number of PPE equipment with visible fluorescence. Mean NASA-TLX and NOTECHS scores measured workload and team performance. Descriptive and univariate statistics were used to determine differences between intervention and control teams. Results: Fifteen simulations were conducted from 2020 to 2021;one was excluded from analysis as a performance outlier, leaving 7 intervention vs. 7 control teams. Scenarios lasted an average of 10.4+/- 3 minutes. Time-to-bagging, time-to-intubation, and intubation duration were not different between groups (72.1+/-22.4 vs 56.7+/-30.9 sec, 536+/-289 vs 544+/-127 sec, 78.9+/-73.0 vs 95.7+/-113 sec, p>0.3), and CPR quality for mean depth, rate, and lean were also not different (36.1+/-11.6 vs 30.9+/-13.2 cm, 108+/-13 vs 112+/-8/min, 8.7+/-5.2 vs 4.5+/-4.3 cm, p>0.14). Contamination rates were lower for the intubating physician (2.3+/-0.5 vs 4.1+/-0.9 surfaces, p<0.001) and for all participants (2.8+/-0.7 vs 3.7+/-0.9 surfaces, p=0.05) when using a barrier. No other contamination rate changes were observed. Participants noted no differences in team performance (22.4+/-1.6 vs 20.8+/-1.8, p=0.5) but a slight trend towards higher workload with the plastic barrier (+9.5+/-7.7 vs -0.1+/-11.5, p=0.09). Conclusion: The use of a plastic drape as a patient barrier appears to reduce simulated virus contamination for HCWs, particularly for the intubation physician during a simulated cardiopulmonary arrest without affecting resuscitation performance. Perceived workload increases with the drape, and further studies are needed to substantiate these findings in larger samples and in different settings.

Reality and perspectives of the University Research Centers in Latin America in the face of Covid-19

Research in any field is a pillar of development and growth for a nation. However, in the countries that make up Latin America, it has never been given the true importance that it has. Both governments and companies have little investment in laboratories and research centers;lagging behind for those who by their own vocation decide to carry out new investigations. In addition to this, now we add the economic impact generated by the presence of the Covid-19 virus;and the transformations that have had to be carried out in the different human activities, where higher education and its extension activities were not exempt from this new normality, posing new challenges implicit in the change from face-to-face to virtual platform to continue giving answers to the society in this context of a pandemic. Therefore, the fundamental objective of this study is to describe the reality and perspectives of the University Research Centers in Latin America in the face of Covid-19, through a review of the existing bibliography on the subject, based on authors such as: Paredes-Chacin;et al (2020), Urbaneja (2020), UNESCO (2020), the International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (2020), among others;under an interpretive methodology, transversal between the years 2020 and 2021. Obtaining among the most relevant findings that despite the little importance and low budget allocation that at the government level is given to research within the university sector, these institutions have managed to forward, especially in these times of pandemic, incorporating digital media into its activities and taking advantage of the opportunities opened at the international level for the world of science and continuing to produce knowledge aimed at achieving the socio-productive development of the countries.

Clinical epidemiological characterization of pregnant women suspected and positive for COVID-19

Introduction: The medical profession is occupied on the study and treatment of COVID-19, a disease caused by a new coronavirus, called 2019-nCoV. Pregnant women are a high-risk population group for this disease. Objective: To determine the clinical and epidemiological differences of the pregnant women suspect of and positive for COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out in 56 patients, who were grouped as suspect to COVID-19 and positive. The variables used were age, associated comorbidity, gestational age, presence of symptoms and source of infection. The information was obtained from the clinical records of the pregnant women. Results: The suspect patients had a mean age of 25 years, 51.0% were in the third trimester of pregnancy, 87.7% had symptoms upon admission, 40.8% had no comorbidity, and in 75, 5% the source of possible contagion was not determined. The positive patients had a mean age of 27 years, 66.6% were in the first trimester of pregnancy, 83.3% were asymptomatic and did not present comorbidity. 50% were contact with positive cases. Conclusions: There were clinical and epidemiological differences between the suspect and positive patients for COVID-19. © 2020, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.