ABSTRACT
Metabolome refers to small molecules inside the biological sample. This review focuses on human health and COVID-19 from a metabolome point of view. The metabolome includes endogenous and exogenous metabolites. Endogenous metabolites contain natural compounds such as nucleic acids, amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids, and sugars. Exogenous metabolites include food additives, environmental toxicants, drugs, and xenobiotics. Human health is a physical, mental, and social well-being state without any disease. Many factors influence human health, such as human lifestyle, background, social, and economic state. The human diet provides principal nutrients in food that sustenance human life. There are 7 main nutrients (fats, proteins, minerals, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and water). Human exercise is body movement that improves or sustains human physical fitness and health. Human exercise supports human growth and recovers human strength. Human sleep is a natural regular state of mind and body. It is changed consciousness and declines both sensory and muscle activities. Human sleep maintains memory, mood, and biological function. The viral shape of the crown is the reason for its name. The World Health Organization report reveals that this virus occurred first in animals (1940) then occurred in humans (2003). The COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan state in China in December 2019.There are 4 types of coronavirus: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. The 4 known types of this virus (COVID-19, MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) are under the Betacoronavirus classification. In conclusion, the metabolome has an important role in human health and COVID-19. © 2022 by the authors.
ABSTRACT
Metabolome refers to small molecules inside the biological sample. This review focuses on human health and COVID-19 from a metabolome point of view. The metabolome includes endogenous and exogenous metabolites. Endogenous metabolites contain natural compounds such as nucleic acids, amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids, and sugars. Exogenous metabolites include food additives, environmental toxicants, drugs, and xenobiotics. Human health is a physical, mental, and social well-being state without any disease. Many factors influence human health, such as human lifestyle, background, social, and economic state. The human diet provides principal nutrients in food that sustenance human life. There are 7 main nutrients (fats, proteins, minerals, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and water). Human exercise is body movement that improves or sustains human physical fitness and health. Human exercise supports human growth and recovers human strength. Human sleep is a natural regular state of mind and body. It is changed consciousness and declines both sensory and muscle activities. Human sleep maintains memory, mood, and biological function. The viral shape of the crown is the reason for its name. The World Health Organization report reveals that this virus occurred first in animals (1940) then occurred in humans (2003). The COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan state in China in December 2019.There are 4 types of coronavirus: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. The 4 known types of this virus (COVID-19, MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) are under the Betacoronavirus classification. In conclusion, the metabolome has an important role in human health and COVID-19. © 2022 by the authors.
ABSTRACT
Semen armeniacae refers to the seeds of Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae). The Prunus armeniaca L. plant is spreading in the Korean peninsula, China, India, Japan, North Africa, and the United States of America. The Prunus armeniaca contains 3% amygdalin, titratable acidity, sugars (saccharose, fructose, and glucose), and organic acids (citric and malic acids) in addition to prunasin and mandelonitrile. Semen armeniacae is used for the treatment of asthma and cough (with expectoration and fever). It is used in constipation therapy. It is also used as eardrops for inflammation and tinnitus and the treatment of skin diseases. The pharmacological effect of Semen armeniacae includes experimental and clinical pharmacology. Experimental pharmacology includes anti-cholinesterase, neuroprotective, analgesic, antipyretic, antitumor, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antitussive activities. Decoction of Semen armeniacae to 2275 patients with COVID-19 improves clinical parameters such as lung state, clinical cure rate, number of cough reduction cases, symptom score of cough, viral nucleic acid testing, and inflammatory biomarkers. Oral intake of Semen armeniacae extract for 28 days did not cause any hematological, biochemical, or histological changes in rats. The Prunus armeniaca plant declines oxidative stress, inflammation, fat degeneration, and necrosis in alcohol-induced in-vivo and in-vitro liver injury models. There is no effect on fertility in rats after eating Semen armeniacae for 5 weeks. The average daily dose= 3-9 g of Semen armeniacae rinsing in boiling water then adding to a decoction. In conclusion, Semen armeniacae has anti-cholinesterase, neuroprotective, analgesic, antipyretic, antitumor, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antitussive activities. © 2021 by the authors. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).