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1.
International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage ; 10(3):178-188, 2022.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2303868

ABSTRACT

The present preliminary study seeks to explore the pilgrim tourist experience and their revisit intentions post-COVID pandemic. Data were collected at the Amarnath Holy Shrine in Jammu and Kashmir, India, using a combination of primary and secondary sources, including seven in-depth semi-structured telephone interviews with pilgrims using the snowball sampling technique. Five main themes were found regarding revisiting intentions, including ease of registration, safety and security, health facilities, accommodation facilities, food and beverage services, and connectivity of the destinations. The study highlights that despite COVID-19, most respondents agree to return to visit the holy Amarnath Cave as they felt that they would not be affected by COVID-19 in the future. This research has implications for tourists' safety and security concerns at religious sites, including highlighting the need for proper infrastructure development to enhance the sustainability of religious destinations. Regarding social impacts, the local administration must make efforts to carry out the pilgrimage in a sustainable way post-COVID-19, following new procedures to ensure the safety and health of the tourist and the local community. The Shrine board and Local administration must formally implement these standards via formal Standards of Procedure (SOP). © 2022 International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage.

2.
Human Pathogenic Microbes: Diseases and Concerns ; : 129-161, 2022.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2048822

ABSTRACT

Immunotherapies are disease-management approaches that specifically target or modulate immune system components. As countries continue to grapple with a slew of new and resurgent diseases, the most current worldwide health concern being the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, infectious diseases continue to pose a substantial threat to human health, as evidenced by the recent SARS-CoV2 pandemic. While significant progress has been achieved in diagnosing and understanding the etiology of infectious diseases, current antimicrobial chemotherapy has been shown to be ineffective against a large number of current pathogens. Emerging and reemerging microorganisms create new infectious diseases, have developed resistance to available antibacterial drugs, or are unable to be treated due to a lack of treatment options or are generally ineffective due to underlying host immunological impairment. The HIV epidemic and advancements in cancer, transplantation, and autoimmune disease treatment have increased the number of people with a weakened immune system. As a result, novel approaches to infectious diseases treatment are required. A variety of immunotherapeutic strategies are currently being examined as viable alternative therapeutics for infectious diseases as a result, which has resulted in remarkable advances in the understanding of pathogen-host immunity interactions. The growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria, sometimes known as superbugs, is leading to the emergence of diseases that are becoming increasingly difficult to treat. Gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria are among the most serious medical problems of the 21st century. Because bacteria have evolved strategies to subvert the immune response, even bacteria that are sensitive to antibiotics can persist in the presence of these drugs. As a result, a diverse variety of effective treatment options or adjuncts to conventional antimicrobial therapy are urgently needed to minimize the burden of disease posed by antibiotic resistance. As indicated by the recent invention and success of drugs such as mABs, immunotherapies already offer a great deal of promise for overcoming these constraints while also pushing the boundaries of medicine. While the majority of immunotherapeutic strategies have their origins in cancer treatment, recent advances, such as those in the treatment of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis as well as zika virus, malaria, and most recently COVID-19 strengthen the role that immunotherapeutic approaches play in disease control. Finally, the complete specificity, safety, and affordability of immunotherapies will have an effect on their general adoption. Various immunotherapies, including vaccines (both prophylactic and therapeutic), monoclonal antibodies, pathogens, recombinant proteins, cellular immunotherapies, and cytokines are being developed, and their application in the treatment of a wide range of diseases is changing our approach to treating these diseases. In this chapter we will explore recent breakthroughs in the field of bacterial infection treatment and emphasize present and future perspectives on the use of immunotherapies to treat bacterial infections. Recent advances in the field of bacterial infection prevention and treatment will also be discussed in this chapter, as will present and future perspectives on the use of immunotherapies to combat bacterial infections in the context of infectious diseases. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

3.
Farmacia ; 68(5):771-778, 2020.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-914995

ABSTRACT

SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 has appeared as an ongoing global public crisis, growing with geometric progression and has caused huge devastation till date majorly because of lack of targeted therapeutic agents like vaccines. SARS-Cov-2 entrance into the host cells is reliant on acidic pH. Thus, in the current clinical emergency there is a pressing need to look forward for adjunct therapies which could counter the acidic pH, so as to restrain the viral entry and its subsequent reproduction in the host cells. Therefore, the current review attempted to explore the possibility to use sodium bicarbonate as an alternative lysosomotropic agent based on the reported literature owing to its anti-flu properties and widespread use during 1918 Spanish flu pandemic. The suggestions put forward in the current review article based on the careful use of sodium bicarbonate could probably help to restrain SARS-CoV-2 infection. © 2020, Romanian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.

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