ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although there are a limited number of studies investigating the changes in olfactory bulb volume (OBV) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) values in the acute and subacute periods after COVID-19 infection, there are no studies conducted in the chronic period. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to reveal the changes in OBV and OSD after COVID-19 in the chronic period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 83 people were included in our study, including 42 normal healthy individuals (control group) and 41 patients with COVID-19 infection (10-12 months after infection). RESULTS: The COVID-19 group included 41 patients with the mean age 40.27 ± 14.5 years and the control group included 42 individuals with the mean age 40.27 ± 14.4. The mean OBV was 67.97 ± 14.27 mm3 in the COVID-19 group and 94.21 ± 7.56 mm3 in the control group. The mean OSD was 7.98 ± 0.37 mm in the COVID-19 group and 8.82 ± 0.74 mm in the control group. Left, right, and mean OBVs and OSD were significantly lower in patients with COVID- 19 than the control individuals (all p < .05). CONCLUSION: Our findings show that COVID-19 infection causes a significant decrease in the OBV and OSD measurements in the chronic period.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/pathology , Olfaction Disorders/pathology , Olfaction Disorders/virology , Olfactory Bulb/pathology , Prefrontal Cortex/pathology , Aged , COVID-19/diagnostic imaging , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Olfaction Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Olfactory Bulb/diagnostic imaging , Organ Size , Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Ílk olarak Çin 'de ortaya çıkan ve kısa süre içerisinde dünyaya yayılan Covid-19 virüsünü kontrol altına alma girişimlerinin (evde kal ve seyahat kısıtlamaları vb.) ekonomi üzerinde yarattıǧı olumsuz etkilerin yılsonuna yaklaşılmasıyla daha belirgin bir şekilde ortaya çıkacaǧı öngörülmektedir. Talep odaklı bir sektör olan havacılık sektörünün virüsün hızla yayılmasında önemli rolü vardır. Bunun için sektöre ciddi kısıtlamalar getirilmiştir. Bu kısıtlamalar nedeniyle havacılık sektörü Covid-19 sürecinden en çok etkilenen sektörlerdendir. Bu baǧlamda, Türkiye 'de hava taşımacılıǧı faaliyetinde bulunan ve BÍST100 endeksinde yer alan işletmelerin 2019-2020 yıllarına ait ara dönem finansal raporları kullanılarak finansal performansları ve sektöre özgü göstergeleri kıyaslanmıştır. Ayrıca, finansal tablo dipnotları "içerik analizi yöntemi" ile incelenerek işletmelerin Covid-19'a yönelik yaptıkları bilgilendirme düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, Covid-19 'un Türkiye havayolu taşımacılıǧı üzerinde olumsuz etkilere yol açtıǧı, bu etkinin daha çok ikinci ve üçüncü çeyrek dönemlerde hissedildiǧi, finansal raporlarında ise Covid-19 'a yönelik açıklamaların yer aldıǧı ancak işletmeler arası farklılık gösterdiǧi tespit edilmiştir.Alternate abstract:First of all, it is predicted that the negative effects of the attempts to contain the Covid-19 virus(stay at home and travel restrictions, etc.), which emerged in China and spread to the world in a short time, on the economy will emerge more prominently as the end of the year approaches. The airway industry, which is a demand-oriented sector, has an important role in the rapid spread of the virus. Serious restrictions have been imposed on the industry for this. Due to these restrictions;The airway industry is one of the sectors most affected by the Covid-19 process. In this context;by using the interim financial reports of the enterprises for the years 2019-2020, who are in air transportation operations in Turkey and located in BIST 100 index, financial performances and industry-specific indicators have been compared. In addition, by examining the financial statement footnotes with the "content analysis method", the level of informing enterprises provide about Covid-19 was determined. According to the results of the study, it is seen that Covid-19 led to a negative impact on Turkish air transport. It has been determined that this effect is mostly felt in the second and third quarters, and financial reports include explanations for Covid-19, but differ between enterprises.
ABSTRACT
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was initially seen in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. World Health Organization classified COVID-19 as a pandemic after its rapid spread worldwide in a few months. With the pandemic, all elective surgeries and non-emergency procedures have been postponed in our country, as in others. Most of the endocrine operations can be postponed for a certain period. However, it must be kept in mind that these patients also need surgical treatment, and the delay time should not cause a negative effect on the surgical outcome or disease process. It has recently been suggested that elective surgical interventions can be described as medically necessary, time-sensitive (MeNTS) procedures. Some guidelines have been published on proper and safe surgery for both the healthcare providers and the patients after the immediate onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We should know that these guidelines and recommendations are not meant to constitute a position statement, the standard of care, or evidence-based/best practice. However, these are mostly the opinions of a selected group of surgeons. Generally, only life-threatening emergency operations should be performed in the stage where the epidemic exceeds the capacity of the hospitals (first stage), cancer and transplantation surgery should be initiated when the outbreak begins to be controlled (second stage), and surgery for elective cases should be performed in a controlled manner with suppression of the outbreak (third stage). In this rapidly developing pandemic period, the plans and recommendations to be made on this subject are based on expert opinions by considering factors, such as the course and biology of the disease, rather than being evidence-based. In the recent reports of many endocrine surgery associations and in various reviews, it has been stated that most of the cases can be postponed to the third stage of the epidemic. We aimed to evaluate the risk reduction strategies and recommendations that can help plan the surgery, prepare for surgery, protect both patients and healthcare workers during the operation and care for the patients in the postoperative period in endocrine surgery.