Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , COVID-19/mortality , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/therapy , COVID-19/virology , Disease Management , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/epidemiology , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/virology , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Survival Rate , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present as a range of symptoms, from mild to critical; lower pulmonary involvement, including pneumonia, is often associated with severe and critical cases. Understanding the baseline characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 illness is essential for effectively targeting clinical care and allocating resources. This study aimed to describe baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of US patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and pulmonary involvement. METHODS: US patients with COVID-19 and pulmonary involvement during an inpatient admission from December 1, 2019, to May 20, 2020, were identified using the IBM Explorys® electronic health records database. Baseline (up to 12 months prior to first COVID-19 hospitalization) demographics and clinical characteristics and preadmission (14 days to 1 day prior to admission) pulmonary diagnoses were assessed. Patients were stratified by sex, age, race, and geographic region. RESULTS: Overall, 3471 US patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and pulmonary involvement were included. The mean (SD) age was 63.5 (16.3) years; 51.2% of patients were female, 55.0% African American, 81.6% from the South, and 16.8% from the Midwest. The most common comorbidities included hypertension (27.7%), diabetes (17.3%), hyperlipidemia (16.3%), and obesity (9.7%). Cough (27.3%) and dyspnea (15.2%) were the most common preadmission pulmonary symptoms. African American patients were younger (mean [SD], 62.5 [15.4] vs. 67.8 [6.2]) with higher mean (SD) body mass index (33.66 [9.46] vs. 30.42 [7.86]) and prevalence of diabetes (19.8% vs. 16.7%) and lower prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (5.6% vs. 8.2%) and smoking/tobacco use (28.1% vs. 37.2%) than White patients. CONCLUSIONS: Among US patients primarily from the South and Midwest hospitalized with COVID-19 and pulmonary involvement, the most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Differences observed between African American and White patients should be considered in the context of the complex factors underlying racial disparities in COVID-19.
Subject(s)
Black or African American/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections , Lung Diseases , Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , White People/statistics & numerical data , Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , COVID-19 , Comorbidity , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Demography , Female , Health Status Disparities , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/ethnology , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/ethnology , Pneumonia, Viral/etiology , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , SARS-CoV-2 , Severity of Illness Index , Smoking/ethnology , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Given advanced age, comorbidities, and immune dysfunction, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients may be at particularly high risk of infection and poor outcomes related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Robust analysis of outcomes for CLL patients, particularly examining effects of baseline characteristics and CLL-directed therapy, is critical to optimally manage CLL patients through this evolving pandemic. CLL patients diagnosed with symptomatic COVID-19 across 43 international centers (n = 198) were included. Hospital admission occurred in 90%. Median age at COVID-19 diagnosis was 70.5 years. Median Cumulative Illness Rating Scale score was 8 (range, 4-32). Thirty-nine percent were treatment naive ("watch and wait"), while 61% had received ≥1 CLL-directed therapy (median, 2; range, 1-8). Ninety patients (45%) were receiving active CLL therapy at COVID-19 diagnosis, most commonly Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi's; n = 68/90 [76%]). At a median follow-up of 16 days, the overall case fatality rate was 33%, though 25% remain admitted. Watch-and-wait and treated cohorts had similar rates of admission (89% vs 90%), intensive care unit admission (35% vs 36%), intubation (33% vs 25%), and mortality (37% vs 32%). CLL-directed treatment with BTKi's at COVID-19 diagnosis did not impact survival (case fatality rate, 34% vs 35%), though the BTKi was held during the COVID-19 course for most patients. These data suggest that the subgroup of CLL patients admitted with COVID-19, regardless of disease phase or treatment status, are at high risk of death. Future epidemiologic studies are needed to assess severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection risk, these data should be validated independently, and randomized studies of BTKi's in COVID-19 are needed to provide definitive evidence of benefit.
Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/complications , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Adult , Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Female , Humans , Immunization, Passive , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , SARS-CoV-2 , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome , COVID-19 SerotherapySubject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , Blood Component Transfusion/methods , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Immunization, Passive/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , SARS-CoV-2 , Treatment Outcome , COVID-19 SerotherapySubject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Health Care Surveys , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Aged , COVID-19 , COVID-19 Testing , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Comorbidity , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Internationality , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
The outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the respiratory illness COVID-19 has led to unprecedented efforts at containment due to its rapid community spread, associated mortality, and lack of immunization and treatment. We herein detail a case of a young patient who suffered life-threatening disease and multiorgan failure. His clinical course involved rapid and profound respiratory decompensation such that he required support with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). He also demonstrated hyperinflammation (C-reactive protein peak 444.6 mg/L) with severe cytokine elevation (Interleukin-6 peak > 3000 pg/ml). Through treatment targeting hyperinflammation, he recovered from critical COVID-19 respiratory failure and required only 160 hours of VV-ECMO support. He was extubated 4 days after decannulation, had progressive renal recovery, and was discharged to home on hospital day 24. Of note, repeat SARS-CoV-2 test was negative 21 days after his first positive test. We present one of the first successful cases of VV-ECMO support to recovery of COVID-19 respiratory failure in North America.