ABSTRACT
Background: Managing patients with cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been challenging. Disruptions in cancer management have been observed due to cancellation of treatment, issues related to commuting, and dearth of health-care workers. Objective(s): This study was conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and was aimed at evaluating the 30-day all-cause mortality among patients with cancer and COVID-19 infection and the factors affecting it. Material(s) and Method(s): In this retrospective study, we collected secondary data from nine tertiary care centers in South India over a period of 10 months from March to Dec 2020. Patients across all age groups with histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of cancer who were affected by COVID-19 during their evaluation or treatment were included in the study. The primary outcome variables of the present study were 30-day all-cause mortality, cancer outcomes, and COVID-19 outcomes. Result(s): A total of 206 patients were included. Median age of the cohort was 55.5 years, and the male-To-female ratio was 1:1.03. The 30-day mortality rate was 12.6%. Twenty-Two patients (10.7%) had severe COVID-19 infection at the initial presentation. Predictors for severe pneumonia at the initial presentation were incomplete remission at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis and palliative intent of treatment. Severe pneumonia at the initial presentation, diagnosis of COVID-19 on or before August 2020, and need for ventilator support were associated with increased mortality. Conclusion(s): Severity of infection at the initial presentation, cancer status, and the intent of cancer treatment impact COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer.Copyright © 2022 Iranian Society of Ophthalmology. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
In the past two years 2020 and 2021, the COVID-19 outburst has had a serious effect on human life. The effects and side effects of COVID-19 are being stroked in almost every discipline relevant to survival and development. The healthcare system was in a problematic situation during this tough time in pandemic situation all over the world. One of the many precautions and protections used to break the chain of spreading of this virus is wearing a mask and keeping safe distance. In a network of smart cities where entirely public spaces are monitored by Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras, we are offering a strategy in this study that restricts the spread of COVID-19 by identifying people not wearing mask. The network alerts the proper authority whenever a person without a mask is discovered. It is believed that our research will help many countries throughout the world stop the spread of this infectious disease. We've examined this on 200 real people in the present, with a 100% success rate. It is also observed that when more than one person in front of CCTV success rate reduced exponentially © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 pandemic spawned due to novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has shaken the whole world. It has created societal imbalance and distraught in the health-care system, thus worsening the worldwide socioeconomic balance. It was soon after the first case, reported in Wuhan, China, in November 2019, when on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a public health emergency and designated it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. This pandemic is still haunting the human race delineating the urgent need for new research, new public health policies, and better public awareness to deal with such a highly transmissible disease. To date, 281.08 million cases have been reported and 5.41 million lives have been lost. Although the SARS CoV-2 has posed unprecedented challenges, humankind is working diligently to combat the virus. Emerging knowledge of structure and life cycle SARS-CoV-2 has led to the development of new diagnostic techniques, drug targets, and vaccine designs. While RT-PCR is still the gold standard detection technique, there is a high demand for new, inexpensive, quick, and easily accessible diagnostic tools because of its expensive and time-consuming characteristics. Furthermore, no specific antiviral drug has been discovered, but the research is ongoing at a tremendous pace. Recent advances in vaccine development are a milestone in COVID-19 research. Here, we highlight some recent developments in the diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination for COVID-19 and anticipate that the ongoing pandemic will help improve our pandemic surveillance and preventive strategies against emerging viral diseases. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccines, additional more potent vaccines are still required against the emerging variations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the present investigation, we have identified a promising vaccine candidate against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) using immunoinformatics approaches. Various available tools like, the Immune Epitope Database server resource, and NetCTL-1.2, have been used for the identification of the promising T-cell and B-cell epitopes. The molecular docking was performed to check the interaction of TLR-3 receptors and validated 3D model of vaccine candidate. The codon optimization was done followed by cloning using SnapGene. Finally, In-silico immune simulation profile was also checked. The identified T-cell and B-cell epitopes have been selected based on their antigenicity (VaxiJen v2.0) and, allergenicity (AllerTOP v2.0). The identified epitopes with antigenic and non-allergenic properties were fused with the specific peptide linkers. In addition, the 3D model was constructed by the PHYRE2 server and validated using ProSA-web. The validated 3D model was further docked with the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and showed good interaction with the amino acids which indicate a promising vaccine candidate against the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, the codon optimization, In-silico cloning and immune simulation profile was found to be satisfactory. Overall, the designed vaccine candidate has a potential against variant of SARS-Cov-2. However, further experimental studies are required to confirm.
ABSTRACT
Megestrol acetate is one of the pharmacological agents used for cancer-associated fatigue. To date, there are no studies on its use in the treatment of post-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) fatigue. So, we report a case of metastatic carcinoma lung with a partial response with three cycles of palliative chemotherapy. He was contracted with mild COVID-19 infection post three cycles of his chemotherapy. Post this episode, fatigue was his main and most troublesome symptom. After a thorough clinical history, physical examination, and investigations, type 2 post-COVID-19 syndrome was diagnosed. After explaining the risks and benefits, we started the patient on low-dose megestrol acetate (160 mg/d per oral) with low to moderate benefits. However, upon increasing the dose to 480 mg/d, the benefit on the subjective quality of life was significant. Studies with a larger sample and randomized controlled trials have to be conducted to substantiate the hypothesis and actual effect of megestrol acetate in the treatment of post-COVID-19 fatigue.
ABSTRACT
To summarize the details on severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) viral infection and the effects of this infection on care of patients with orofacial clefts and provision of guidelines for orofacial cleft surgeries during Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by using recent available literature. PubMed and Google Scholar and current reports from major health bodies such as the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, National Institutes of Health, and major national associations of cleft lip and palate were searched for information which is relevant from orthodontic care for orofacial cleft point of view. Major priority is given to recent articles and peer-reviewed articles. Narration is done due to limitations in the quality of evidence and rapidly evolving information on the nature of COVID-19. Major relevance to the dental field is human-to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. People who are infected mostly show mild symptoms, but patients with advanced age or any underlying disease or comorbidity may show severe multiorgan complications. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to maintain social distancing and minimize direct contact. Most clinics and hospitals have determined that multidisciplinary visits, feeding, and speech-language evaluations are largely nonessential and can tolerate a delay. A specific plan with good foundation should be followed for emergency orthodontic care with effective communication and triage.
ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) virus uses Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a gateway for their entry into the human body. The ACE2 with cleaved products have emerged as major contributing factors to multiple physiological functions and pathogenic complications leading to the clinical consequences of the COVID-19 infection Decreased ACE2 expression restricts the viral entry into the human cells and reduces the viral load. COVID-19 infection reduces the ACE2 expression and induces post-COVID-19 complications like pneumonia and lung injury. The modulation of the ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas (AAM) axis is also being explored as a modality to treat post-COVID-19 complications. Evidence indicates that specific food components may modulate the AAM axis. The variations in the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and the post-COVID its complications are being correlated with varied dietary habits. Some of the food substances have emerged to have supportive roles in treating post-COVID-19 complications and are being considered as adjuvants to the COVID-19 therapy. It is possible that some of their active ingredients may emerge as the direct treatment for the COVID-19.