ABSTRACT
The food industry has recently been under unprecedented pressure due to major global challenges, such as climate change, exponential increase in world population and urbanization, and the worldwide spread of new diseases and pandemics, such as the COVID-19. The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) has been gaining momentum since 2015 and has revolutionized the way in which food is produced, transported, stored, perceived, and consumed worldwide, leading to the emergence of new food trends. After reviewing Industry 4.0 technologies (e.g. artificial intelligence, smart sensors, robotics, blockchain, and the Internet of Things) in Part I of this work (Hassoun, Aït-Kaddour, et al. 2022. The fourth industrial revolution in the food industry-Part I: Industry 4.0 technologies. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1-17.), this complimentary review will focus on emerging food trends (such as fortified and functional foods, additive manufacturing technologies, cultured meat, precision fermentation, and personalized food) and their connection with Industry 4.0 innovations. Implementation of new food trends has been associated with recent advances in Industry 4.0 technologies, enabling a range of new possibilities. The results show several positive food trends that reflect increased awareness of food chain actors of the food-related health and environmental impacts of food systems. Emergence of other food trends and higher consumer interest and engagement in the transition toward sustainable food development and innovative green strategies are expected in the future.
ABSTRACT
The recent COVID-19 outbreak impact on the world economy has boosted the increasing business needs to force manufacturing plants adapting to unpredictable changes and ensuring the continuity of industrial production. The demand for asset monitoring solutions and specialised support at the shop floor has become an increasingly important digital priority in industry that pushes human-machine technological upgrades leading to digital workforce skills assessment. In the case of traditional manufacturing, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) face the challenge of managing digital technologies and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) maturity models with a low adoption rate. In this digital context very few SMEs with traditional means have anticipated the latest advances in maintenance strategies impeded by technical and economical barriers. This work presents a human-machine technological integration solution in traditional manufacturing based on a non-intrusive retrofitting development with interoperable I4.0 tools. The method provides a common and rapidly deployable hardware and software architecture supporting an HMI-based legacy maintenance approach and addresses its evaluation focused on the physical-digital convergence of older industrial systems. A case study applying a digital process approach integrated with condition-based maintenance (CBM) techniques, has been carried out on a CNC milling machine and reproduced in an injection moulding machine during COVID-19 alert state. These already existing scenarios served to deploy digital retrofitting and communication strategies without interfering in working conditions. Patterns extracted from the machines were monitored in real-time interacting with the operational knowledge of the experienced staff. In this way, we provided an original contribution to confront human-machine challenges with improvements applied in traditional manufacturing, where workers and industrial systems were collaboratively updated with augmented digital strategies and proactive CBM environments.