Detection of COVID-19 Using CNN and ML Algorithms

As we see coronavirus is the very dangerous diseases and to identify this diseases in one's body is also not as easy. So during identification of diseases there are many false positive cases we see that person does not have corona and still the prediction comes true and also in some cases, it happens that person has corona but it does not get detected (false negative case). So due to this problem, we here come up with the two approaches and make comparison between these two approaches and decide which one is better to analyze the diseases in the body. We are using CNN to scan chest X-ray dataset and ML algorithms for tabular dataset as it contains many text information too. So in this project, we explain in detail, what is CNN, what is ML, how to implement CNN and ML algorithms on particular dataset, what output we will get as a comparison. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Does vitamin D supplementation reduce COVID-19 severity?: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The evidence regarding the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in reducing severity of COVID-19 is still insufficient. This is partially due to the lack of primary robust trial-based data and heterogeneous study designs. AIM: This evidence summary, aims to study the effect of vitamin D supplementation on morbidity and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Design: Evidence summary of systematic reviews. METHODS: For this study, systematic reviews and meta-analysis published from December 2019 to January 2022 presenting the impact of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 severity were screened and selected from PubMed and Google scholar. After initial screening, 10 eligible reviews were identified and quality of included reviews were assessed using AMSTAR and GRADE tools and overlapping among the primary studies used were also assessed. RESULTS: The number of primary studies included in the systematic reviews ranged from 3 to 13. Meta-analysis of seven systematic reviews showed strong evidence that vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of mortality (Odds ratio: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.346-0.664; P < 0.001) in COVID patients. It was also observed that supplementation reduces the need for intensive care (Odds ratio: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.28-0.44; P < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (Odds ratio: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.411-0.708; P < 0.001) requirement. The findings were robust and reliable as level of heterogeneity was considerably low. However the included studies were of varied quality. Qualitative analysis showed that supplements (oral and IV) are well tolerated, safe and effective in COVID patients. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study show that vitamin D supplementation is effective in reducing the COVID-19 severity. Hence, vitamin D should be recommended as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19.However, more robust and larger trials are required to substantiate it further.

Vitamin D supplementation, COVID-19 and disease severity: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Current meta-analysis aims to understand the effect of oral supplementation of vitamin D on intensive care unit (ICU) requirement and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Databases PubMed, preprint servers, and google scholar were searched from December 2019 to December 2020. Authors searched for the articles assessing role of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19. Cochrane RevMan tool was used for quantitative assessment of the data, where heterogeneity was assessed using I2 and Q statistics and data was expressed using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Final meta-analysis involved pooled data of 532 hospitalized patients (189 on vitamin D supplementation and 343 on usual care/placebo) of COVID-19 from three studies (Two randomized controlled trials, one retrospective case-control study). Statistically (p<0.0001) lower ICU requirement was observed in patients with vitamin D supplementation as compared to patients without supplementations (odds ratio: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.210-0.626). However, it suffered from significant heterogeneity, which reduced after sensitivity analysis. In case of mortality, vitamin D supplements has comparable findings with placebo treatment/usual care (odds ratio: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.413-2.113; p=0.87). The studies did not show any publication bias and had fair quality score. Subgroup analysis could not be performed due to limited number of studies and hence dose and duration dependent effect of vitamin D could not be evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Although the current meta-analysis findings indicate potential role of vitamin D in improving COVID-19 severity in hospitalized patients, more robust data from randomized controlled trials are needed to substantiate its effects on mortality.

A comparative study of spreading of novel corona virus disease by ussing fractional order modified SEIR model

In this research work, a non-linear dynamical modified SEIR model of the recent pandemic, due to Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) for different countries like Malaysia and Pakistan, is considered under nonsingular fractional order derivative. For this model, some qualitative results, existence theory, and numerical solution are studied by using fixed point approach and fractional Adams-Bashforth method. The results are simulated corresponding to some real data of various fractional order by using Matlab. Hence, the suitability of the considered COVID-19 model for the current outbreak in two different countries Malaysia and Pakistan are shown by simulation. © 2020 Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University

Fuzzy fractional-order model of the novel coronavirus.

In this paper, a novel coronavirus infection system with a fuzzy fractional differential equation defined in Caputo's sense is developed. By using the fuzzy Laplace method coupled with Adomian decomposition transform, numerical results are obtained for better understanding of the dynamical structures of the physical behavior of COVID-19. Such behavior on the general properties of RNA in COVID-19 is also investigated for the governing model. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach to address the uncertainty condition in the pandemic situation.