Modelling of factors influencing organizational readiness for change in start-ups during the COVID-19 emergency

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to "identify”, "analyze” and "construct” a framework to quantify the relationships between several determinants of organizational preparedness for change in the start-ups during the COVID-19 emergencies.Design/methodology/approachTotal interpretive structural modelling (TISM) is used to find characteristics that assist in analyzing the readiness or preparedness level before initiating a change deployment process in start-ups. A cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis is performed to determine the driving and dependent elements of change in start-ups.FindingsFrom literature research and an expert interview, this study selected ten variables of change preparedness to explore inner interconnections and comprehend the inner connections factors. The findings depict that clarity of mission and goals, reward system, technological advancement and motivational readiness have been considered the most important readiness factor for deploying organizational change in start-ups during the COVID-19 emergencies.Practical implicationsThis research will aid the management and researchers gain a better understanding of the factors that influence change preparedness. Constant observation of current changes in the start-ups and the external environment will aid in improving the quality of products or services provided by the start-ups during the COVID-19. The start-ups can use these criteria linked to change readiness. The priority of each element is determined using MICMAC analysis and ranking using the TISM technique, which assists start-ups in ordering the enablers from highest to lowest priority.Originality/valueThere is no research regarding factors influencing organizational readiness for change in start-ups during the COVID-19 emergencies. This research gap is filled by analyzing aspects linked to organizational readiness for change in start-ups. This gap inspired the present study, which uses the "Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM)” technique to uncover change determinants and investigate hierarchical interconnections among factors influencing organizational readiness to change in start-ups during the COVID-19 emergencies.

Readiness for sustainable-resilience in healthcare organisations during Covid-19 era

Purpose: Using total interpretive structural modelling (TISM), this paper aims to "identify”, "analyse” and "categorise” the sustainable-resilience readiness factors for healthcare during the Covid-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: To obtain the data, a closed-ended questionnaire was used in addition to a scheduled interview with each respondent. To identify how the factors interact, the TISM approach was employed and the cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to a classification method was used to rank and categorise the sustainable-resilience readiness factors. Findings: This study identified ten sustainable-resilience readiness factors for healthcare during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study states that the major factors are environmental scanning, awareness and preparedness, team empowerment and working, transparent communication system, learning culture, ability to respond and monitor, organisational culture, resilience engineering, personal and professional resources and technology capability. Research limitations/implications: The study focused primarily on sustainable-resilience readiness characteristics for the healthcare sector. Practical implications: This research will aid key stakeholders and academics in better understanding the factors that contribute to sustainable-resilience in healthcare. Originality/value: This study proposes the TISM technique for healthcare, which is a novel attempt in the subject of readiness for sustainable-resilience in this sector. The paper proposes a framework including a mixture of factors for sustainability and resilience in the healthcare sector for operations. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Readiness for lean-sustainability in start-ups during the COVID-19 era

Purpose: This study aims to "identify”, "analyse” and "categorise” the lean-sustainability enablers for start-ups during the COVID-19 epidemic using total interpretive structural modelling (TISM). Design/methodology/approach: A closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data in addition to the scheduled interview. The TISM methodology is used to determine how the variables interact, and the matrice d'Impacts croises-multiplication applique´ a classement (MICMAC) method is used to rank and categorise the lean-sustainability enablers. Findings: This study identified ten lean-sustainability enablers for start-ups during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study says that the key factors are leadership and managerial commitment, implementation of employee skills and abilities, strategic need, personnel engagement and financial ability. Research limitations/implications: The study focused primarily on lean-sustainability characteristics for start-ups. Practical implications: This research will aid key stakeholders and academics in better understanding the factors that contribute to lean-sustainability in start-ups. Originality/value: This study proposes the TISM technique for start-ups, which is a novel attempt in the subject of lean-sustainability in this industry. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Managing the retail operations in the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Morocco.

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and resulting lockdowns have contributed to major retail operational disturbances around the globe, forcing retail organizations to manage their operations effectively. The impact can be measured as a black swan event (BSE). Therefore, to understand its impact on retail operations and enhance operational performance, the study attempts to evaluate retail operations and develop a decision-making model for disruptive events in Morocco. The study develops a three-phase evaluation approach. The approach involves fuzzy logic (to measure the current performance of retail operations), graph theory (to develop an exit strategy for retail operations based on different scenarios), and ANN and random forest-based prediction model with K-cross validation (to predict customer retention for retail operations). This methodology is preferred to develop a unique decision-making model for BSE. From the analysis, the current retail performance index has been computed as "Average" level and the graph-theoretic approach highlighted the critical attributes of retail operations. Further, the study identified triggering attributes for customer retention using machine learning-based prediction models (MLBPM) and develops a contactless payment system for customers' safety and hygiene. The framework can be used on a periodic basis to help retail managers to improve their operational performance level for disruptive events.

Interpretive Structural Modeling: Research Trends, Linkages to Sustainable Development Goals and Impact of COVID-19 (preprint)

Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) is widely used to understand the complex connections between different components. This study presents a bibliometric overview of ISM research with a focus on its linkages to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and the impact of COVID-19. The study analyzed 1988 publications on ISM published between 2012 and 2021, of which 1202 were directly mapped to the SDG and 59 were related to COVID-19. The study identified key authors, institutions, countries, and journals involved in the research and their linkages to the SDG. The results showed that ISM research is strongly linked to SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure). We also identified influential SDG based on centrality measures like betweenness and eigenvector. The top four countries contributing to ISM publications were India, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The most frequently cited journals were Benchmarking: An International Journal, Sustainability, Journal of Modelling in Management, and Journal of Cleaner Production. Four main clusters were identified in the ISM research, including (1) integration with AHP & Fuzzy Logic for promoting sustainability alignment, (2) ISM-based strategy development for various stakeholders, (3) ISM-based decision-making in various fields, and (4) ISM-based risk evaluation. For the first time studies that used ISM approach to understand the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 were identified and their key findings were discussed. The study also identified several emerging topics for future ISM research, such as blockchain & IoT, environmental management systems, climate change adaptation, smart cities, and humanitarian logistics and their potential linkages to SDG.

Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis: A Rare Complication Following Infection With SARS-CoV-2

Case Presentation: 49 year old male with past medical history of hypertension who presented with dyspnea and nasal congestion of three days duration. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. ECG revealed sinus tachycardia with an incomplete right bundle branch block. D-dimer was elevated 3,388 ng/mL and CT pulmonary angiogram revealed thrombosis of a right lower lobe pulmonary vein extending to the posterior aspect of the left atrium along with consolidation in the right lower lobe concerning for pulmonary infarct versus congestion in the setting of pulmonary venous thrombosis. The patient was admitted and started on intravenous unfractionated heparin. Echocardiogram performed later in the day revealed left ventricular segmental wall motion to be globally hypokinetic with mildly reduced ejection fraction of 45%. Left atrium was severely enlarged. No thrombus could be seen in the left atrium or ventricle. Bubble study revealed no evidence of atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale. The next day after admission, his symptoms had resolved and he was back to his baseline, so he was discharged. No supplemental oxygen was required. Heparin was transitioned to apixaban, and metoprolol succinate and lisinopril were initiated. Cardiac monitoring during the hospitalization did not demonstrate any arrhythmias. Etiology of his pulmonary vein thrombosis was ultimately felt to be due to coagulopathy secondary to COVID19 given that the patient's medical history was otherwise unremarkable. Discussion(s): This case describes a rare complication due to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Pulmonary artery thrombi are common with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but pulmonary vein thrombi are rare. With thrombus extending to the left atrium, cardiac monitoring was performed and did not reveal evidence of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. With no other identifiable cause of the thrombus, the etiology was likely due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Readiness for lean-sustainability in start-ups during the COVID-19 era

Purpose>This study aims to "identify”, "analyse” and "categorise” the lean-sustainability enablers for start-ups during the COVID-19 epidemic using total interpretive structural modelling (TISM).Design/methodology/approach>A closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data in addition to the scheduled interview. The TISM methodology is used to determine how the variables interact, and the matrice d'Impacts croises-multiplication applique´ a classement (MICMAC) method is used to rank and categorise the lean-sustainability enablers.Findings>This study identified ten lean-sustainability enablers for start-ups during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study says that the key factors are leadership and managerial commitment, implementation of employee skills and abilities, strategic need, personnel engagement and financial ability.Research limitations/implications>The study focused primarily on lean-sustainability characteristics for start-ups.Practical implications>This research will aid key stakeholders and academics in better understanding the factors that contribute to lean-sustainability in start-ups.Originality/value>This study proposes the TISM technique for start-ups, which is a novel attempt in the subject of lean-sustainability in this industry.

Readiness for sustainable-resilience in healthcare organisations during Covid-19 era

Purpose>Using total interpretive structural modelling (TISM), this paper aims to "identify”, "analyse” and "categorise” the sustainable-resilience readiness factors for healthcare during the Covid-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approach>To obtain the data, a closed-ended questionnaire was used in addition to a scheduled interview with each respondent. To identify how the factors interact, the TISM approach was employed and the cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to a classification method was used to rank and categorise the sustainable-resilience readiness factors.Findings>This study identified ten sustainable-resilience readiness factors for healthcare during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study states that the major factors are environmental scanning, awareness and preparedness, team empowerment and working, transparent communication system, learning culture, ability to respond and monitor, organisational culture, resilience engineering, personal and professional resources and technology capability.Research limitations/implications>The study focused primarily on sustainable-resilience readiness characteristics for the healthcare sector.Practical implications>This research will aid key stakeholders and academics in better understanding the factors that contribute to sustainable-resilience in healthcare.Originality/value>This study proposes the TISM technique for healthcare, which is a novel attempt in the subject of readiness for sustainable-resilience in this sector. The paper proposes a framework including a mixture of factors for sustainability and resilience in the healthcare sector for operations.

COVID-19 and Stroke Trends in A Tertiary Care Center from South India -Our Monsoon Experience.

Introduction: The unprecedented challenges during the COVID pandemic and the subsequent lockdown had resulted in a delay in treatment metrics for acute stroke. There is a rising concern that COVID-19 co-infection can adversely affect stroke outcome. We aim to investigate the impact of COVID-19 in the management of stroke patients. We also compared the differences in stroke manifestations, etiological pattern, treatment course, and outcome of acute stroke patients in COVID-19 confirmed cases. Methodology: A single-center retrospective study was done at the Stroke Unit, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. Consecutive patients of acute stroke confirmed by imaging, presenting within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms in May to July 2020 and May to July 2019, were included. The primary data variables included baseline demographics, risk factors, admission NIHSS, stroke timings, thrombolysis rate, TOAST etiology, mRS at discharge, and in-hospital mortality. Results: Strokes with higher NIHSS, arrival blood sugar and blood pressure, and delays in door-to-CT and door-to-needle time were more during the pandemic. Intravenous thrombolysis was less and mortality was higher in COVID-19 strokes during the pandemic. COVID-19-positive stroke patients had more hemorrhagic strokes, more severe strokes with low CT ASPECTS, more hemorrhagic transformation, high in-hospital mortality, and poor functional outcome at discharge and 3 months. Conclusion: Our study was a hypothesis-generating study with a limited number of patients. This study has reconfirmed the higher severity of the stroke, with a higher mRS score and mortality during the pandemic, especially among COVID-19-positive stroke patients.

Improving Inpatient COVID-19 Vaccination Rates among Adult Patients at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center

Objective: Inpatient vaccination initiatives are well described in the literature. During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals began administering COVID-19 vaccines to hospitalized patients. Although vaccination rates increased, there remained many unvaccinated patients despite community efforts. This quality improvement project aimed to increase the COVID-19 vaccination rates of hospitalized patients on the medicine service at the George Washington University Hospital (GWUH). Method(s): From November 2021 through February 2022, we conducted a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle with 3 phases. Initial steps included gathering baseline data from the electronic health record and consulting stakeholders. The first 2 phases focused on educating housestaff on the availability, ordering process, and administration of the Pfizer vaccine. The third phase consisted of developing educational pamphlets for patients to be included in their admission packets. Result(s): The baseline mean COVID-19 vaccination rate (August to October 2021) of eligible patients on the medicine service was 10.7%. In the months after we implemented the PDSA cycle (November 2021 to February 2022), the mean vaccination rate increased to 15.4%. Conclusion(s): This quality improvement project implemented measures to increase administration of the Pfizer vaccine to eligible patients admitted to the medicine service at GWUH. The mean vaccination rate increased from 10.7% in the 3 months prior to implementation to 15.4% during the 4 months post implementation. Other measures to consider in the future include increasing the availability of other COVID-19 vaccines at our hospital and incorporating the vaccine into the admission order set to help facilitate vaccination early in the hospital course. Copyright © 2022 Turner White Communications Inc.. All rights reserved.

INCIDENTAL PULMONARY CAVITARY LESIONS AS AN UNCOMMON PRESENTATION OF LEMIERRE SYNDROME

SESSION TITLE: Systemic Diseases with Deceptive Pulmonary Manifestations SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/18/2022 12:25 pm - 01:25 pm INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary cavitary lesions can have varying etiologies. Among these, Lemierre syndrome is an uncommon disease which usually presents with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection with unilateral neck pain, tenderness or swelling. In recent years, antibiotic stewardship for upper respiratory illnesses has led to its delayed diagnosis resulting in possible increased morbidity and mortality. There have been few reported cases of pulmonary cavitary lesions as the initial presentation of Lemierre syndrome. Our patient presented with incidental bilateral pulmonary cavitary lesions, which led to a diagnosis of Lemierre syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: A 30-year-old gentleman with no significant past medical history visited urgent care for reproducible chest pain following motor vehicle accident. Chest x ray obtained for suspected rib fracture showed bilateral patchy and rounded opacities, confirmed by CT as bilateral cavitary nodules and consolidation. He was referred to our hospital for further care. Two weeks prior, following administration of COVID booster vaccine, he had developed fever, sore throat, tender lump behind left ear, left jaw and anterior left neck. Most symptoms self resolved in 3-5 days except persistent fever. On arrival, patient was febrile to 102F and hemodynamically stable. Physical examination revealed dry mucous membranes and erythematous pharynx. Labs were significant for leukocytosis of 24.5uL with bandemia and elevated inflammatory markers. Three sets of blood cultures were drawn and empirically started on vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam. Echocardiogram ruled out heart valve vegetations. CT angiography of neck showed intraluminal thrombi in left internal jugular vein. Blood cultures finalized to Fusobacterium nucleatum and antibiotics were tapered to metronidazole. Due to persistent fever, anticoagulation was initiated with apixaban 5mg twice daily. Pan CT showed improvement in size of many pulmonary septic emboli. After 48 hours of patient being afebrile, he was discharged on antibiotics and apixaban for at least 4 weeks until surveillance CT angiography showed non progression of thrombus. DISCUSSION: Lemierre syndrome is septic thrombophlebitis of internal jugular vein which presents within 1-3 weeks following upper respiratory tract infections with multi-system complications. Management involves prolonged antibiotic course with use of anticoagulation and vein stripping still being debated. Our patient came to the hospital with an incidental finding of bilateral cavitary pulmonary lesions which went on to be diagnosed as Lemierre syndrome from positive blood cultures and CT angiography findings. CONCLUSIONS: Lemierre syndrome is an uncommon disease with mortality up to 18%. A call out to health care providers to keep a low threshold for its diagnosis in patients with initial presentation of bilateral pulmonary cavitary lesions, warranting prompt management. Reference #1: Sinave CP, Hardy GJ, Fardy PW. The Lemierre syndrome: suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein secondary to oropharyngeal infection. Medicine (Baltimore). 1989 Mar;68(2):85-94. PMID: 2646510. Reference #2: Golpe R, Marín B, Alonso M. Lemierre's syndrome (necrobacillosis). Postgrad Med J. 1999 Mar;75(881):141-4. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.75.881.141. PMID: 10448489;PMCID: PMC1741175. Reference #3: Lee WS, Jean SS, Chen FL, Hsieh SM, Hsueh PR. Lemierre's syndrome: A forgotten and re-emerging infection. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020 Aug;53(4):513-517. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.027. Epub 2020 Apr 4. PMID: 32303484. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Sumukh Arun Kumar No relevant relationships by Megna Machado No relevant relationships by Sushmita Prabhu No relevant relationships by PAWINA SUBEDI No relevant relationships by Mithil Gowda Suresh No relevant relationships by Bradley Switzer

LUNG CAVITY: A RARE FINDING IN COVID-19

SESSION TITLE: Post-COVID-19 Infection Complications SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/17/2022 12:15 pm - 01:15 pm INTRODUCTION: Chest CT features in COVID-19 pneumonia include scattered ground-glass infiltrates in milder cases to confluent ground-glass change, dense consolidation, and crazy paving in the critically ill. However, cavitary lesions are uncommon in these patients. We present a case of lung cavity in a patient who had recent COVID-19 pneumonia. CASE PRESENTATION: A 33-year-old male diagnosed with COVID-19 four weeks ago presented with hemoptysis and exertional dyspnea. He had pleuritic chest pain without fever, night sweats, weight loss, skin rashes, hematemesis, or epistaxis. He had COVID-19 in Brazil, where he had received dexamethasone, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, colchicine, azithromycin, and rivaroxaban. The last dose of rivaroxaban was three days prior to the presentation. He had no history of travel to caves or exposure to birds or animals. His past medical history included hypertension, diabetes, and bariatric surgery. He had no history of smoking or IV drug use. He had moved from Brazil to the United States six years ago and worked as an interpreter. Physical examination was notable for stable vitals with O2 sat of 99%. Systemic examinations were unremarkable. Blood work including CBC, platelet count, PT/INR was within normal limits. COVID-19 testing (PCR) was negative. A chest CT revealed bilateral scattered ground-glass opacities with central cavitation in the left lower lobe concerning for septic pulmonary emboli. HIV 1/2, ANA, rheumatoid factor, and Quantiferon TB gold were negative. Blood cultures showed no growth. An echocardiogram was negative for any vegetations. Bronchoalveolar lavage from the left lower lobe was negative for AFB and gram staining. Sputum cultures, fungal cultures, and NAAT for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were negative, as was the cytology. He was started on amoxicillin-clavulanic acid during his hospital stay. He did not experience any recurrence of hemoptysis and was discharged home. The subsequent follow-up chest CT scans showed resolving cavitation at one month and a complete resolution of the cavity at 3 months. DISCUSSION: Cavitary lung lesions are usually related to fungal, mycobacterial, autoimmune, parasitic, thrombotic, or neoplastic etiologies. While not often seen in patients with viral pneumonia, lung cavitation can rarely occur in COVID-19. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nocardia were suspected given the history of being an immigrant and a recent trip to Brazil. As these tests were negative and the lung cavity resolved over a few months with conservative treatment, the etiology of the cavity was attributed to a late presentation of COVID-19 pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 has variable complications which are still to be explored. The lung cavity in a COVID patient is an under-recognized entity. This case report highlights the need for further studies to determine the cause of cavitation, which could be related to COVID infection or its treatment. Reference #1: Selvaraj V, Dapaah-Afriyie K Lung cavitation due to COVID-19 pneumonia. BMJ Case Reports CP 2020;13:e237245. Reference #2: Chen Y, Chen W, Zhou J, Sun C, Lei Y. Large pulmonary cavity in COVID-19 cured patient case report. Ann Palliat Med 2021;10(5):5786-5791. doi: 10.21037/apm-20-452 Reference #3: Zoumot, Z., Bonilla, MF., Wahla, A.S. et al. Pulmonary cavitation: an under-recognized late complication of severe COVID-19 lung disease. BMC Pulm Med 21, 24 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-020-01379-1 DISCLOSURES: no disclosure on file for Raul Davaro;No relevant relationships by Susant Gurung No relevant relationships by Bijay Khanal No relevant relationships by Anil Phuyal No relevant relationships by Kamal Pokhrel No relevant relationships by REGINA SHRESTHA No relevant relationships by Mithil Gowda Suresh

Managing the retail operations in the COVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence from Morocco

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and resulting lockdowns have contributed to major retail operational disturbances around the globe, forcing retail organizations to manage their operations effectively. The impact can be measured as a black swan event (BSE). Therefore, to understand its impact on retail operations and enhance operational performance, the study attempts to evaluate retail operations and develop a decision‐making model for disruptive events in Morocco. The study develops a three‐phase evaluation approach. The approach involves fuzzy logic (to measure the current performance of retail operations), graph theory (to develop an exit strategy for retail operations based on different scenarios), and ANN and random forest‐based prediction model with K‐cross validation (to predict customer retention for retail operations). This methodology is preferred to develop a unique decision‐making model for BSE. From the analysis, the current retail performance index has been computed as “Average” level and the graph‐theoretic approach highlighted the critical attributes of retail operations. Further, the study identified triggering attributes for customer retention using machine learning‐based prediction models (MLBPM) and develops a contactless payment system for customers' safety and hygiene. The framework can be used on a periodic basis to help retail managers to improve their operational performance level for disruptive events.

Factors impacting humanitarian operations in healthcare during life-threatening pandemics

The aims of this paper are to 'identify', analyze', and categorize' the factors impacting humanitarian activities in healthcare during life-threatening pandemics like COVID-19 using Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM). Nine humanitarian operation factors have been identified for healthcare during a life-threatening pandemic like COVID-19. The study states that the key factors are resource shortages, external factors, and a shortage of medical and non-medical specialists. The study focused primarily on humanitarian operations characteristics for the healthcare sector. The present study will assist key stakeholders and academics in gaining a better knowledge of the factors that impact humanitarian healthcare operations during life-threatening pandemics like COVID-19. The study analyses the interrelationships among humanitarian operations factors using humanitarian operations during life-threatening pandemics. During life-threatening, which is a novel attempt in the subject of this sector.

Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies of (E)-2,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-4-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazono)piperidine derivatives.

A novel drug to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections and hydroxyl chloroquine analogue, (E)-2,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-4-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazono)piperidine (BCMTP) compound has been synthesized in one pot reaction. The novel compound BCMTP has been characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction patterns. Crystal packing is stabilized by C8-H8A•••Cl10i, C41-H41•••Cl1ii and N1-H1A•••Cl6iii intermolecular hydrogen bonds. From the geometrical parameters, it is observed that the piperidine ring adopts chair conformation. Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out to quantify the interactions and an interaction energy analysis was done to study the interactions between pairs of molecules. The geometrical structure was optimized by density functional theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) as the basic set. The smaller binding energy value provides the higher reactivity of BCMTP compound than hydroxyl chloroquine and was corrected by high electrophilic and low nucleophilic reactions. The stability and charge delocalization of the molecule were also considered by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The HOMO-LUMO energies describe the charge transfer which takes place within the molecule. Molecular electrostatic potential has also been analysed. Molecular docking studies are implemented to analyse the binding energy of the BCMTP compound against standard drugs such as the crystal structure of ADP ribose phosphatase of NSP3 from SARS-CoV-2 in complex with MES and SARS-CoV-2 main protease with an unliganded active site (2019-nCoV, corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19) and found to be considered having better antiviral agents. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed for COVID-19 main protease (Mpro: 6WCF/6Y84) to understand the elements governing the inhibitory effect and the stability of interaction under dynamic conditions.

Modelling of factors influencing organizational readiness for change in start-ups during the COVID-19 emergency

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to “identify”, “analyze” and “construct” a framework to quantify the relationships between several determinants of organizational preparedness for change in the start-ups during the COVID-19 emergencies. Design/methodology/approach: Total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) is used to find characteristics that assist in analyzing the readiness or preparedness level before initiating a change deployment process in start-ups. A cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis is performed to determine the driving and dependent elements of change in start-ups. Findings: From literature research and an expert interview, this study selected ten variables of change preparedness to explore inner interconnections and comprehend the inner connections factors. The findings depict that clarity of mission and goals, reward system, technological advancement and motivational readiness have been considered the most important readiness factor for deploying organizational change in start-ups during the COVID-19 emergencies. Practical implications: This research will aid the management and researchers gain a better understanding of the factors that influence change preparedness. Constant observation of current changes in the start-ups and the external environment will aid in improving the quality of products or services provided by the start-ups during the COVID-19. The start-ups can use these criteria linked to change readiness. The priority of each element is determined using MICMAC analysis and ranking using the TISM technique, which assists start-ups in ordering the enablers from highest to lowest priority. Originality/value: There is no research regarding factors influencing organizational readiness for change in start-ups during the COVID-19 emergencies. This research gap is filled by analyzing aspects linked to organizational readiness for change in start-ups. This gap inspired the present study, which uses the “Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM)” technique to uncover change determinants and investigate hierarchical interconnections among factors influencing organizational readiness to change in start-ups during the COVID-19 emergencies. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.