THROUGH THE LENS: THE PANDEMIC AND BLACK LIVES MATTER

2020 was a period of groundbreaking social and political upheaval, in combination with a colossal epidemiological crisis—and it urgently redefined the working conditions of photojournalists. The historic 2020 Black Lives Matter protests and the devastating Covid-19 pandemic presented unique challenges for photojournalism, forcing photographers into a terrain defined by new ethical, technological, and safety (emotional and physical) concerns, as well as innovative attacks on press freedom. Through a series of interviews—with top photographers who covered 2020's biggest crises, as well as key photo editors who grappled with these unprecedented obstacles inside the newsroom—Through the Lens: The Pandemic and Black Lives Matter unpacks the industry's most critical debates as it sheds light on the experiences and thought processes of the visual journalists themselves. Importantly, this book encourages readers to consider the efforts behind the camera lens: the challenges and risks visual journalists face to bring us the news in pictures. Richly illustrated with evocative photos, Through the Lens is a timely and vital look at the role photojournalism serves in a world of crisis. It is a powerful follow-up to Lauren Walsh's previous title, Conversations on Conflict Photography, which offers a crucial exploration of the visual documentation of war and humanitarian crisis. © 2022 Lauren Walsh.

Improving resident education on the inpatient solid tumor oncology rotation through development of an asynchronous video curriculum

Background: As the oncology patient population grows, continued recruitment of talented individuals is essential. Meaningful and highly educational clinical exposures play a crucial role in a resident's decision to pursue fellowship in oncology. Currently, the majority of oncology exposure occurs in the inpatient setting, where trainees are confronted with many competing clinical demands, leaving minimal time for teaching. Prior work has demonstrated that dedicated time for teaching supplemented with high-yield educational material improves trainee satisfaction and interest in a particular field. We hypothesize that implementing an asynchronous inpatient video oncology curriculum will improve resident clinical competency and satisfaction. Methods: This is an ongoing, single institution educational intervention using the Kern method for curriculum development in the Johns Hopkins Osler Internal Medicine Residency (IRB00307077). A targeted needs assessment has been developed to identify gaps in medical knowledge, assess preparedness in managing common solid tumor inpatient diagnoses, and explore satisfaction with prior educational experiences on this service. Based on these results, ten educational videos will be created by content experts and aligned with the learning objectives of the Osler residency program and ABIM blueprint. Trainees will have dedicated time to watch the videos during their solid tumor rotation. We plan to evaluate effectiveness of our curriculum by measuring completion rates and pre- and post-video multiple choice responses. We will also assess knowledge retention and resident satisfaction at three and six months post-rotation with online questionnaires. Results: Annual Osler program ACGME survey data review revealed a high level of resident dissatisfaction with the oncology clinical experience compared with other rotations. While 83.3% of residents rated their general internal medicine experience as “excellent,” only 52.4% rated their oncology experience as “excellent.” Needs assessment data collection has been delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic but is ongoing. Following topic selection, videos will be created in April 2022 with plans for video curriculum implementation in July 2022. Conclusions: In order to attract and retain trainees in the field of oncology, it is imperative that educational curricula adapts to meet learners' needs. Efficient, evidence-based instructional strategies designed to promote clinical competency for internal medicine residents on an inpatient solid tumor service may foster engagement and rotation satisfaction. We are currently evaluating how an asynchronous video inpatient oncology curriculum may significantly improve the inpatient internal medicine trainee experience. If successful, this curriculum can be adapted for other trainees and practitioners new to the field of oncology.

Negotiating Vulnerabilities in Space and Time in the Twenty-First Century

Young university students are experiencing a changing relationship with the future as economic and geopolitical anxieties alter the temporal and spatial horizons with which they engage. Du Bois-Reymond and López Blasco suggested almost 20 years ago that ‘youth is now […] a life condition that is marked by unpredictability, vulnerability and reversibility’ (2003, p. 20). This situation has only accelerated since then. This paper draws on the authors’ research in the UK, France and Australia to consider how university students imagine a future that is essentially unknowable. At the time of the authors’ interviews, this future included conditions of vulnerability within the living social present that extended into the anticipated future and that ranged from the local to the global in their origins and impact. These conditions have since been even further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the global recession accompanying it. Despite the uncertainty arising from these conditions of vulnerability, almost all interviewees read the future as possibility or potentiality as reported by Cook (Time & Society 25(3): 700–717, 2016). The paper concludes that young people’s lived experience of time and space is being reshaped by complex forces beyond their control as discussed by McLeod (British Journal of Sociology of Education 38(1): 13–25, 2017), but it also mounts an argument for the durability of young people’s relationship to hope. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. part of Springer Nature.

Systematic review of current tele-ophthalmology services in New Zealand compared to the four comparable countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, United States of America and Canada

Background: Over 700,000 New Zealanders (NZ), particularly elderly and Māori, live without timely access to specialist ophthalmology services. Teleophthalmology is a widely recognised tool assisting in overcoming resource and distance barriers. The aim was to conduct a systematic review identifying, describing and contrasting teleophthalmology services in NZ with the comparable countries of Australia, USA, Canada and the United Kingdom, also assessing any changes to programs pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The electronic databases Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google were systemically searched in August 2020, filtered to the countries above, then again in June 2021 to gather COVID-19 pandemic teleophthalmology literature. Results: A total of 128 studies were identified describing 108 discrete teleophthalmology services. Articles spanned from 1997-2021. Models were categorised into general eye care (n = 16;14.8%) emergency/trauma (n = 6;5.5%) school screening (n = 13;12%), artificial intelligence (n = 19;17.5%) and disease specific models of care (n = 54;50%). The most common diseases addressed were diabetic retinopathy (n = 22;20.3%), retinopathy of prematurity (n = 12;11%) and glaucoma (n = 9;8.3%). Typically models involved local clinicians transmitting images or video, usually fed-forward. The second search yielded 14 COVID-19-based teleophthalmology services, involving significantly increased home monitoring, telephone/video live-consults. Conclusion: Teleophthalmology will play a crucial role in the future of eye care. COVID-19 offers a unique opportunity for improvement and expansion of teleophthalmology. Feed-forward and increasingly, live-based teleophthalmology services have demonstrated feasibility and cost-effectiveness in similar countries internationally. New Zealand's should invest in strategic partnerships and technology nationally to improve eye health equity.

What are relevant, feasible and effective approaches to promote acceptance, uptake and adherence to physical distancing measures for COVID-19 prevention and control?

Physical distancing measures have been implemented worldwide to contain the transmission of COVID-19, but how best to communicate with the public to promote acceptance, uptake and adherence to these measures is less clear. This rapid review analysed evidence regarding communication with individuals and communities within the wider structural and sociopolitical context of the pandemic to support public health decision-makers when planning and implementing physical distancing measures. Findings indicated the critical role played by public communication and information in the pandemic response. Consistent features of effective communication included clear, consistent and actionable content;attention to the timing and currency of messages;consideration of the audiences for communication within and across populations;and deliberate considerations of tailoring and equity to ensure diverse population groups are reached and existing inequalities addressed. Comprehensive practical support, including access to essential services and financial support, was also critical to promote acceptance, uptake and adherence to required measures. Findings also emphasized the importance of building and maintaining public trust in authorities and of engaging communities when planning and delivering messages related to physical distancing measures.

Pulmonary embolism and covid-19

Aims There is increasing concern amongst clinicians of a possible increase in venous thromboembolism (VTE) events in patients with COVID-19. There remains limited data defining the incidence of VTE in this population and thus also a paucity of research examining the impact of targeted treatment in patients with thrombotic complications. Methods We examined the number of symptomatic VTE events amongst proven COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary level academic hospital, over a one-month period. Patient characteristics, admission and discharge inflammatory and coagulation markers were included in the analysis. Results Sixty-one patients were identified. Twelve patients (19.6%) admitted with COVID-19 were treated for a suspected PE. Of these patients, 3 patients were discharged on anticoagulation, 3 died and 6 remain inpatients at the end of the study period. Discussion COVID-19 patients are at increased risk of VTE. This risk may extend beyond the period of admission. Further research examining the role of extending the duration of thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 patients beyond hospital discharge is warranted. © 2020, Irish Medical Association. All rights reserved.