[Thoughts and suggestions on co-administration of seasonal influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine].

In the context of the global pandemic of COVID-19, the epidemic intensity, epidemic characteristics and infection risk of influenza have presented new features. COVID-19 and influenza have simultaneously emerged in many regions of the world. COVID-19 and influenza are similar in terms of transmission mode, clinical symptoms and other aspects. There are also similarities in the mechanism of influenza virus and novel coronavirus on cells. At the same time, it is feasible and significant to do a good job in the prevention and control of COVID-19 and influenza. This paper discusses the relevant strategies and measures for the joint prevention and control of influenza and novel coronavirus from the aspects of influenza vaccination to prevent co-infection, simultaneous vaccination of influenza vaccine and novel coronavirus vaccine, etc., and puts forward corresponding thoughts and suggestions, in order to provide scientific support for the formulation of strategies on seasonal influenza vaccine and novel coronavirus vaccination.

[Clinical characteristics of convalescent children infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Tianjin].

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infected children in convalescence in Tianjin. Methods: A total of 104 pediatric patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant Tianjin First Central Hospital (designated hospital for SARS-CoV-2 infection in Tianjin) for convalescent treatment from January 22nd, 2022 to February 24th were included for a retrospective study.Clinical data including clinical typing, SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM test and 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test were collected.The cases were divided into 2-dose group and zero-dose group based on the doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The children were divided into repositive group and negative group, according to the nucleic acid test during hospitalization. Chi-square test was used for the comparison between the groups. Results: The age of these 104 children was 10.0 (0.3, 14.0) years on admission, 53 children were males and 51 were females, 92 cases (88.5%) had mild symptoms, 12 cases (11.5%) had common symptoms.The age and SARS-CoV-2 IgG level of zero-dose group was lower (2.0 (0.3, 10.2) vs. 10.0 (3.2, 14.0) years, 10 (2, 17) vs. 193 (157, 215), χ²=-5.57, Z=-48.76,both P<0.001) than that of 2-dose group. The zero-dose group had a high rate of transmission among family members and a high level of SARS-CoV-2 IgM level (13/14 vs. 62.2% (56/90), 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) vs. 0.4 (0.2, 1.1),χ²=5.09, Z=-48.95, both P<0.05) than the 2-dose group. Repositive group had a high rate of underlying diseases and SARS-CoV-2 IgM level was higher (2/13) vs. 1.1% (1/91), (0.6 (0.2, 1.0) vs. 0.3 (0.2, 0.7), χ²=8.29, Z=2.70, both P<0.05) than negative group. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG level of repositive group was lower than that of negative group (160 (78, 197) vs. 213 (186, 231), χ²=-3.20, P<0.05). Conclusions: Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Tianjin were mainly transmitted by family members, and most of them had mild symptoms. Two-dose group had higher IgG levels and lower IgM levels than zero-dose group.The probability of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test repositivity increased in children with underlying diseases and lower IgG levels.

[Consideration on implementation of co-administration of Seasonal Influenza and COVID-19 vaccines during pandemic in China].

Influenza is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the influenza viruses. Older people, infants and people with underlying medical conditions could have a higher risk of severe influenza symptoms and complications. The co-infection of Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) with influenza viruses could lead to the complication of prevention, diagnosis, control, treatment, and recovery of COVID-19. Influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine overlapped in target populations, vaccination time, and inoculation units. Although there was insufficient evidence on the immunogenicity and safety of co-administration of influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine, World Health Organization and some countries recommended co-administration of inactivated influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine. This review summarized domestic and international vaccination policies and research progress, and put forward corresponding suggestions in order to provide scientific support for the formulation of vaccination strategy on seasonal influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine.

[Experience in the treatment of burn patients combined with inhalation injury during the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019].

Objective: To introduce the experience in treating burn patients with inhalation injury during the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Six burn patients combined with inhalation injury were hospitalized in Department of Burns of Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital from February 1 to March 1 in 2020 during the high-incidence period of COVID-19, including 4 males and 2 females, aged 21-63 years, admitted at 2-4 hours after burns, with total burn areas of 1%-20% total body surface area (TBSA) and full-thickness burn areas of 1%-12% TBSA. Among them, 1 case had severe inhalation injury, 2 cases had mild inhalation injury, and 3 cases had moderate inhalation injury. The body temperatures of the patients were normal at the time of admission, with no fever or cough in the past 2 weeks. At admission, chest CT of one patient showed double lower lobes and left upper lobes had multiple slices and slightly high-density shadow of nodules. Chest CT of two patients showed thickening of bilateral lung texture, and the chest CT of remaining patients were normal. After admission, 6 patients were given routine treatment, the medical staffs paid attention to the protection and screened for COVID-19 according to the diagnosis and treatment plan of COVID-19. On post injury day (PID) 1, 3, 6, and 9, vein blood of patients were collected for determination of white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil, lymphocyte absolute value, and level of procalcitonin (PCT). Nucleic acid of novel coronavirus was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on PID 3 and 6. The temperatures of patients were recorded after admission. The results of chest CT within one week after injury and the prognosis of the patients were recorded. Measurement data distributed normally were expressed as x±s, and measurement data distributed abnormally were expressed as M(P(25), P(75)). Results: (1) On PID 1, 3, 6, and 9, WBC counts of patients were respectively (19.8±3.8)×10(9)/L, (17.2±3.4)×10(9)/L, (13.3±3.1)×10(9)/L, and (11.1±1.6)×10(9)/L, neutrophils of patients were respectively 0.919±0.019, 0.899±0.011, 0.855±0.034, and 0.811±0.035, absolute values of lymphocytes of patients were respectively (0.65±0.18)×10(9)/L, (0.65±0.24)×10(9)/L, (0.91±0.34)×10(9)/L, and (1.23±0.42)×10(9)/L, and PCT values of patients were respectively 0.49 (0.36, 1.64), 0.39 (0.26, 0.73), 0.28 (0.18, 0.33), and 0.12 (0.11, 0.20) ng/mL. The values of WBC and neutrophils of patients were higher than the normal value, showing a downward trend. The absolute values of lymphocyte of patients returned to the normal value from PID 6. The PCT values of patients were higher than the normal value. (2) Nucleic acid test results of novel coronavirus of 6 patients were negative on PID 3 and 6. The temperatures of 6 patients ranged from 36.5 to 38.6 ℃. The typical imaging features of COVID-19 were not found in 6 patients within 1 week after injury by chest CT. After treatment for 14-32 days, 6 patients were cured and discharged. Conclusions: During COVID-19 pandemic, burn patients combined with inhalation injury should be treated under condition of good protection for doctors and nurses. Meanwhile, virus should be actively screened to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection among doctors and patients.