ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Limited research has looked at the physical activity (PA) among Chinese children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. METHODS: The Children's Leisure Activities Study Survey-Chinese version was applied in evaluating PA levels among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. RESULTS: The data indicated that only 29.5% of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities met the PA recommendation. Boys engaged in significantly more MVPA and had higher energy expenditure than girls during weekdays and the whole week. The general trend in PA levels demonstrated a downtrend with the growth of age of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The students aged 6-12 years old performed more MVPA and had greater energy expenditure compared with those 13-15 and 16-18 years old. CONCLUSION: The level of PA among Chinese children and youths with intellectual disabilities is remarkably low, and there is a large gap compared with the PA recommendation.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability , Adolescent , Child , China , Exercise , Female , Humans , Leisure Activities , Male , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: COVID-19 is a new infectious disease with global spread. The aim of the present study was to explore possible risk factors and evaluate prognosis in COVID-19 with liver injury. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 356 COVID-19 patients in the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Hubei, China. Clinical characteristics and laboratory tests between patients with and without liver injury were compared, while risk factors of COVID-19-related liver injury were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors of in-hospital death. RESULTS: Of the patients with liver injury, severe and critical types of COVID-19 comprised 12.43% and 14.69%, respectively, higher than in patients without liver injury (both P<0.05). CRP and male sex were independent risk factors for for patients with liver injury, while decreased lymphocyte count (HR 0.024, 95% CI 0.001-0.821) and elevated monocytes (HR 1.951, 95% CI 1.040-3.662) and CRP (HR 1.028, 95% CI 1.010-1.045) were independent risk factors of prognosis of death in COVID-19 patients with liver injury. CONCLUSION: Liver injury is a common complication in severe COVID-19 patients. Male sex and elevated CRP were independent risk factors in COVID-19 complicated by liver damage. Liver damage with increased CRP and monocyte count and decreased lymphocyte count may imply a poor prognosis.
ABSTRACT
Based on the monitoring data for years in Shandong Province, current situation of acid rain in every city was assessed, and the temporal distribution of the dry, wet and total sulfur deposition in Jinan and Qingdao were studied. The results showed that Qingdao which had the largest precipitation acidity was the single city whose annul average precipitation pH was below 5. 60. The precipitation acidities in the main cities of Shandong Province were in a descent tendency. The total sulfur desposition in Jinan and Qingdao was basically stable or in a descent tendency, but also reached 10 t/(km(2)x a) or so. Among the total sulfur deposition flux, the dry deposition of sulfur had the greater contribution, and the contribution of SO2 dry deposition was higher than that of SO42- dry deposition. By analyzing the relation between the precipitation acidity and the SO2 discharge intensity, soil acidity and meteorological condition, the impact factors of acid precipitation in the cities of Shandong Province were revealed.
Subject(s)
Acid Rain/analysis , Air Pollutants/analysis , Environmental Monitoring , Sulfur Dioxide/analysis , China , Cities , Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationABSTRACT
Limited water resources, increasing demand, low use efficiency, and serious pollution result in severe water resource difficult in China. The evaluation of addressing water problems and the search for effective countermeasures that ensure sustainable water use are key to China's sustainable development. The "compound water security" consists of food security, life security, environmental security, and economic security. By establishing a conceptual model, the water security of China has been simulated in terms of four scenarios called BAU (the business-as-usual scenario), TEC (the technology and economics scenario), IVL (the institution, values, and lifestyles scenario) and TSD(toward sustainable development) in this paper. The results indicated that water crises, especially water shortages, are being experienced now and will continue to do so for a relatively long time in China and that it is possible to reach a basic balance between supply and demand of water and grain under the TSD developing pattern by a series of approaches including technological innovation, policy adjustments, and behaviour inducement.