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The effects of changing geopolitics, demographic change, and COVID-19 have caused significant disruption to labour in the agricultural sector around the world. In the UK, the challenges to free movement of labour and safe working conditions caused by COVID-19 have exacerbated the labour shortage caused by Brexit. In these circumstances, the use of autonomous robots in those sectors hardest hit by labour shortages, such as soft fruit, is being considered as a potential solution. Autonomous robots for use in the high value crop sector, including soft fruit, are at varying stages of technology readiness with robots for disease treatment, packhouse, and logistic support already commercially used and robots for picking approaching a demonstration phase. However, the pathway to implementation is not determined by technology readiness alone, but rather by the intention and ability of growers to adopt. To date, there has been limited investigation of the views of soft fruit growers towards the introduction of autonomous robots in the sector. We used a mixed methods approach, utilising a grower survey and qualitative interviews conducted in the UK, to explore the factors affecting adoption of autonomous robots on soft fruit farms. In general, the survey shows that growers are optimistic about the prospects of autonomous robots on soft fruit farms, although not necessarily in the short-term and there are several factors affecting uptake, particularly cost and infrastructure, as well as issues such as data ownership, cybersecurity, skills, and trust. We reflect on our findings in the context of existing research on technology adoption by growers and make a series of industry and policy recommendations which have global relevance. © 2022
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the intentions and use behavior of digital learning environments in business education under the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital learning environments (DLEs) are ready to use bundles of heterogeneous educational technologies used by schools to deliver online courses that contrast to traditional packaged learning management systems. Through the merger of Technology Readiness Index and Unified Theory of Adoption and Use of Technology, a nuanced perspective on the adoption of DLEs under the COVID-19 pandemic is achieved. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey study gathered sample data from Mexico, Malaysia and Spain to assess the effect of broad perceptions on technology and specific technologies embedded in DLEs. Data were analyzed using structural equation models and multigroup analysis. Findings: Student optimism and innovativeness play a critical role in assessing specific features of DLEs. Discomfort and insecurity as barriers to adoption play a minor role. Performance expectancy has a strong effect on behavioral intention to use DLEs, but the effect of effort expectancy is nonsignificant. Multigroup analysis shows significant differences in technology perceptions between samples from Malaysia versus Mexico and Spain. Practical implications: DLEs help students complete their academic tasks in online and hybrid settings. Instructors can take advantage of students' positive perceptions of technology to set up DLE use in classrooms. They need to focus on the facilitating conditions of specific technologies and on learning outcomes that remain more important than learning how to use specific technologies. Originality/value: Technology adoption studies usually rely on only one model, and this is one of the few studies that merge Technology Readiness Index and Unified Theory of Adoption and Use of Technology models. The results of this study support a comprehensive view of individual perceptions of technology and specific attributes of DLEs and their effects on behavioral intentions in relation to DLEs. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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The circular economy (CE) has emerged as a paradigm to protect the environment and the well-being of future generations. In parallel, Blockchain technology (BC) has emerged as a critical enabler for accelerating the transition toward a CE. In order to understand and summarize prior research on the role of BC in the CE, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of 70 seminal articles published before July 2022. Six main themes emerged: a) CE approaches and practices, b) BC and the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), c) sustainable supply chain management, d) BC and the CE in the COVID-19 era, e) sector-specific BC applications, and f) barriers to BC adoption in the CE. Furthermore, we develop a comprehensive framework that integrates stakeholders, strategies and practices, industrial sectors and a BC-enabled CE. © 2022 The Author(s)
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PurposeIn the wake of COVID-19 pandemic, public health is associated with the acceptance of vaccination unless it reaches herd immunity level, which is 67%. Nevertheless, citizens have shown hesitancy toward acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination globally. Therefore, this study aims to investigate factors which influence citizen's intention to get COVID-19 vaccination with two well-known theories, namely, protection motivation theory and theory of planned behavior. Aside of direct relationship, the moderating effect of perceived awareness is also tested between attitude and citizens' intention to get COVID-19 vaccine. Design/methodology/approachThe research framework is statistically tested with data set of 215 responses. Data were collected from Pakistani citizens residing in Islamabad, Lahore, Narowal and Burban. For data collection, convenience sampling approach is used. The positivism research paradigm is adopted to design the research framework. Data were estimated with structural equation modeling approach. FindingsResults of the statistical analysis unveiled that collectively perceived severity, vulnerability, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have explained substantial variance R-2 52.9% in measuring citizens' attitude toward acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Likewise, attitude and awareness have explained substantial variance R-2 54.6% in measuring citizens' intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine. Moreover, results have shown substantial Stone-Geisser Q(2) value to predict citizens' attitude and intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine. Practical implicationsIn term of theoretical contributions, this study has combined two well-known theories, namely, protection motivation theory and theory of planned behavior, to investigate citizens' attitude and intention to get COVID-19 vaccine. Therefore, practically this study directs that government officials and health-care practitioners should create awareness among citizens about pandemic by highlighting severity and vulnerability of the COVID-19 virus toward health which, in turn, motivate citizens to get COVID-19 vaccine on time. Social implicationsThe ongoing health crisis could be reduced if citizens achieve herd immunity against COVID-19 virus, resulting in long-term welfare of the society. This research has significant social impact on citizen's lives, as it revealed that citizens could be motivated to get COVID-19 vaccination if they get adequate awareness about pandemic, enhance behavioral control and understand severity and vulnerability of the COVID-19 virus. Originality/valueThe current research is valuable, as it unveils factors which encourage citizens to get COVID-19 vaccine. In terms of originality, to the best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first that integrates protection motivation theory and theory of planned behavior toward citizens' intention to get COVID-19 vaccine during pandemic.
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Research and development in agricultural sector are becoming a crucial issue, especially to answer to growing global market needs and, in general, for rural innovation development. The innovation process involves stakeholders of all levels and rural development requires both personal farmers' characteristics along with favourable socio-political and infrastructural environment. Many countries and governments have executed innovation projects for agricultural firms, involving a number of actors from the public and private sectors. However, the literature lacks of studies that investigate the identification of the main factors that determine the agricultural entrepreneurs' probability to adopt new technologies during a crisis context. Thus, through the adoption of the Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour, this study aims at filling this lack. More specifically, the exploratory empirical analysis focuses on a sample of 130 agricultural entrepreneurs operating in a rural developing Italian region, during the historical context of global pandemic crisis of COVID-19. The results provided several insights showing the factors that influence the adoption of technologies, such as the Attitude to Environmental-Economic Sustainability and the Planned Behavioural Control. An important role is also assumed by the past farmer's technological experience. The paper offers implications for entrepreneurs and public government. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
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Background COVID-19 continues to pose a threat to public health. Booster vaccine programmes are critical to maintain population-level immunity. Stage theory models of health behaviour can help our understanding of vaccine decision-making in the context of perceived threats of COVID-19. Purpose To use the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) to understand decision-making about the COVID-19 booster vaccine (CBV) in England. Methods An online, cross-sectional survey informed by the PAPM, the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour and Health Belief Model administered to people over the age of 50 residing in England, UK in October 2021. A multivariate, multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine associations with the different stages of CBV decision-making. Results Of the total 2,004 participants: 135 (6.7%) were unengaged with the CBV programme;262 (13.1%) were undecided as to whether to have a CBV;31 (1.5%) had decided not to have a CBV;1,415 (70.6%) had decided to have a CBV;and 161 (8.0%) had already had their CBV. Being unengaged was positively associated with beliefs in their immune system to protect against COVID-19, being employed, and low household income;and negatively associated with CBV knowledge, a positive COVID-19 vaccine experience, subjective norms, anticipated regret of not having a CBV, and higher academic qualifications. Being undecided was positively associated with beliefs in their immune system and having previously received the Oxford/AstraZeneca (as opposed to Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine;and negatively associated with CBV knowledge, positive attitudes regarding CBV, a positive COVID-19 vaccine experience, anticipated regret of not having a CBV, white British ethnicity, and living in East Midlands (vs. London). Conclusions Public health interventions promoting CBV may improve uptake through tailored messaging directed towards the specific decision stage relating to having a COVID-19 booster.
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Purpose: An interdisciplinary team approach is recommended by numerous practice guidelines for management of eating disorder (ED) care in pediatric populations. Registered dietitians (RDs), with their unique clinical nutrition knowledge and skill play a valuable role in treating adolescents with eating disorders and their inclusion on an interdisciplinary team is integral to the team approach. Despite this, there is little guidance on standards of care for RDs working in this setting, as well as limited research on outcomes of RD managed nutrition support which may result in inconsistent and inequitable care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, cases of youth presenting with eating disorders have increased causing unprecedented demands on healthcare resources. The pandemic has also resulted in the rapid evolution of care delivery models, including the wide adoption of telemedicine services. This study fills a considerable gap in the evidence base by seeking to understand RD practices across institutional pediatric outpatient eating disorder care settings. This is a vital step to inform the development of care standards and pave the way for future research to assess outcomes of RD involvement in eating disorder care. Methods: We surveyed 18 dietitians at tertiary care institutions across all regions of the United States using a 24-question web-based questionnaire. Participants were recruited by purposeful sampling of institutional program RDs following email referral by medical leadership in affiliated eating disorder programs. Our survey addressed topics such as frequency and duration of nutrition appointments, individuals present for nutrition appointments, use of family-based treatment (FBT), content and approaches included in nutrition appointments, and disciplines with whom RDs coordinated care. Results: Most RDs surveyed practiced within interdisciplinary teams utilizing a Family Based Treatment (FBT) approach. A majority of respondents used telemedicine for at least a portion of their eating disorder appointments;nearly half of respondents (47%) reported using telemedicine for 50-100% of their eating disorder appointments. Survey responses regarding care delivery topics, such as visit frequency and duration, nutrition education content, and approach were highly variable among participants. Conclusions: This study maintains that RDs prioritize individualized care, however it highlights a gap in guidance and practice standards for their role in outpatient eating disorder care. Furthermore, our results emphasize the importance of addressing variability in nutrition practice when interpreting outcomes of RD involvement in eating disorder care. With recent changes in health care delivery as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is value in understanding how nutrition care is evolving in order to meet all patient's needs. Sources of Support: Seattle Children's Hospital provided statistics support. No funding was provided.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been many drastic changes experienced by society and the government. Poverty is rampant, causing the economy in a country to decline. Many things have changed as the government has come up with solutions to keep the economy running and improving. The world of education has experienced many changes;systematic learning has changed rapidly. Therefore, we want to examine how the education system occurred in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we want to know the impact of this system on students and students who experience this system themselves, whether this system works well or becomes a nightmare for students and students. In this research, we reveal the problem of how the learning system is during a pandemic. Whether the system is effective and what are the difficulties in learning during the pandemic. As a result, we included various criteria in our research method to determine whether or not the pandemic's learning system was effective. As a result of our findings, it is clear that the learning system was ineffective during the epidemic, and pupils encountered numerous challenges while learning. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Despite the blockchain's considerable potential to solve traditional supply chain problems, research on its deployment in pharmaceutical supply chains (PSC) is sparse. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for blockchain implementation within the pharmaceutical supply chain. To document the twelve-year research's, 78 transdisciplinary publications published between 2010 and 2022 were examined using a comprehensive literature review and text mining method. Descriptive and thematic research highlights emerging Blockchain trends in pharmaceutical supply chain. Future research will primarily focus on the use of Blockchain for drug counterfeiting and recall issues, as well as other sector-specific challenges like patient health data sharing, compliance, and clinical trials. The arguments and obstacles for technology acceptance, implementation steps and applications highlighted through the thematic analysis will help build the orientation for the research. Compared to other industries, research on blockchain for PSC has lagged, but it has picked up speed since the Covid-19 pandemic. Researchers and professionals will be guided by the identified influencing factors and implementation roadmap for adopting Blockchain in the pharmaceutical business. The suggested framework is original and offers manufacturers, ministry of health, and private sectors helpful guidelines to Leverage the power of blockchain technology. © 2023 Little Lion Scientific.
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This article explores how Bangladeshi immigrants who run and own restaurants in the West Midlands of England (UK) participated in forms of innovation in response to the challenges created by COVID-19. Contributing to debates on innovation and diversification in the ethnic minority entrepreneurship literature, we explore through qualitative interview data how restaurant owners innovatively engaged with particular resources to secure their survival and longer-term futures in localised economies. This form of innovation is significant as it occurs among a population of entrepreneurs who have traditionally been portrayed as reluctant to innovate and embrace change. Our study therefore explores how a long-held culturally rooted reluctance to innovate intersects with a contemporary need to innovate for a demographic responding to the crisis. We theorise the form of innovation we identify as situated between a forced bricolage and a neoclassical approach to innovation. © The Author(s) 2021.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has accelerated the growth of the digital therapeutics (DTx) market;therefore, development strategies for new DTx products are necessary to satisfy market needs. However, data-driven methods for recommending digital healthcare technologies for novel DTx applications are scarce. We propose a technology opportunity discovery framework that recommends 1) potential technologies as new DTx products, and 2) the applicable target disorders. We applied BERTopic and PatentSBERTa to patents filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and calculated the score of potential technologies on the basis of their thematic characteristics with respect to their digital capabilities and similarity to DTx technologies. By identifying the target disorder of similar technologies, specific disorders were proposed that can be treated with the proposed technique. By applying the proposed framework to psychiatric disorders—one of the largest therapeutic areas of DTx, we recommend digital monitoring technologies applicable to poor breathing or sleeping patterns for cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we provide strategies to utilize the recommended digital technologies for DTx for specific disorders to facilitate a direct intervention or treatment, which can contribute to the planning of roadmaps for DTx. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
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The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, together with globalization and advanced technologies, has drastically changed the business environment and forced companies to become more innovative and agile in the way they run their business and respond to the needs and wants of customers. Survival highly depends on the adaptability of SMEs to this ever-changing complex dynamic environment by taking steps in implementing Big Data Analytics as the next frontier for innovation, competition, productivity, and value creation. Based on the grounded theory, this study employed a qualitative method via focus group discussion. Focus groups were conducted with 14 government agencies, SMEs associations, business owners, Chief Operating Officers (CEOs), academic and industrial experts and directors of SMEs in Malaysia. The study revealed the challenges of Malaysian SMEs in adopting Big Data Analytics Capability, presents the criticality of Big Data Analytics Capability to overcome the identified challenges, and develops a BDA Capability Ecosystem Model that integrates the internal enablers, external barriers and support to explain the adoption of BDA Capability for value creation and support the decision-making process. This paper is followed by some policy suggestions for companies' owners, policymakers, government agencies, universities, and SMEs. This study directly impacts Malaysia's economy as a whole by addressing Malaysia's Shared Prosperity Vision 2030. This research contributes to industries that are still in the low value added category with low adoption of technology. Furthermore, it will ultimately lead to the realization of SMEs as ‘game changers' to transition the economy to a high-income nation. This study proposes a model that could help SMEs improve their value creation performance, directly influencing the country's GDP and employability. © 2022 by the authors.
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Telemedicine has become fundamental for the challenges posed to healthcare. This set of instruments turns pivotal for facing one of the most relevant emergencies in human history: the COVID-19 pandemic. The multisectoral crisis led to a vigorously sustained adoption of innovations, including telemedicine technology. Telehealth was proven, in this context, to be a relevant tool to reduce healthcare costs, reduce not-needed hospitalizations, and improve the results in health care. Some barriers such as the costs of technologies, patient privacy and technical literacy have slowed down telemedicine adoption. Amidst the COVID-19 era, telemedicine calls for a managerial duty to change healthcare's organizational models. The present work aims to explore the growing literature to illuminate the relationships between telemedicine, innovations and healthcare in the COVID-19 framework. A bibliometric analysis of the existing literature based on 285 published works in 2019–2020 is put forward with the aim to detect the relevant literature, themes and approaches on telemedicine and COVID-19. Making use of community detection on the co-occurrence keywords network, we identify the "semantic cores” in the literature representing the relevant results on critical themes. The sorting implications are important for researchers and policymakers by mapping the existing literature and results in evidence-based analysis. We provide the key communities as the "semantic core” of the publications and results for the considered period. This allows for future research to be oriented towards perduring health policies that could lead to the adoption of telemedicine technologies in a post-pandemic scenario. © 2021
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Initiatives for marine conservation are funded by revenue from marine sites. However, the emergence of COVID-19 has restricted travelling, thus leading to decreased revenue and weakening conservation efforts. Virtual reality technology to support marine conservation efforts is explored as it allows users to experience marine sites, without having to be there physically. This study examines factors influencing users' desire to adopt virtual reality technology in marine ecotourism. With the integration of Stimulus-Organism-Response framework and three behavioural theories (i.e. health belief model, attitude, and eTrust), a hypothetical model was constructed to investigate consumers' intention to adopt virtual reality technology in marine ecotourism amidst the pandemic. The data were analysed and interpreted using structural equation modelling after 451 survey responses were obtained via an online questionnaire. Outcome expectation, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, and cues to action exhibit significant positive effects on attitude towards virtual reality technology in marine ecotourism. Consequently, attitude has a direct and indirect influence on use intention via eTrust. Post hoc analysis revealed that self-efficacy has a direct impact on eTrust and use intention. Total effect analysis further concluded that attitude has the greatest influence on use intention of virtual reality technology in marine ecotourism. This research contributes to the existing literature by utilizing health belief factors to explain use intention of technology towards marine conservation efforts. Recommendations including policy formulation and marketing initiatives were generated for marine ecotourism operators and policymakers. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
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Investment in education technology (EdTech) is a complex decision problem for universities during the post-Covid era. With the objective to assess the quality and adoptability of education supply chain, a novel analytical evaluation model approach is proposed, based on quality function deployment and combinative distance-based assessment. To deal with uncertainty in the evaluation process, fuzzy theory is integrated into the model. To establish the house of quality matrix, technology-based stakeholders' requirements were identified and classified in four dimensions: economic and financial, technology adoption, sustainability, competencies. Moreover, nine supplier criteria were assumed. Based on expert evaluations, the results suggest that financial credit and supplier collaboration are the most prominent attributes to evaluate suppliers, while environmental commitment is sorted as the least important criterion. The results reveal that the three dominant suppliers, which provide the best response to the identified criteria, are providers of cloud service technology. © 2022
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Worldwide, the number of telemedicine visits overall has increased after the onset of COVID19 outbreak. The pandemic has led to changes in regulations and reimbursement rules to generally favor telehealth, as well as increased public awareness and acceptance of virtual visits. In Japan, the adoption of virtual video visits has been slow, largely due to regulations and reimbursement policies. For the whole country, much less than 1% of total outpatient visits has used virtual video visits. Compared to traditional care, hypertension management using online digital solutions has a potential to improve care access and reduce untreated hypertension population. Notably, hypertension is one of the best fit conditions to be managed by virtual care among various acute and chronic illnesses because the primary index of treatment is self-measured home blood pressure and effective medications with minimal side effects are available. However, currently implemented hypertension telemedicine includes different styles of care delivery that needs to be taken into account when discussing remote hypertension management. According to a report, telephone visits and video visits had lower proportion of visits with recorded blood pressure compared to in-person visits (Ye, JMIR Formative Research, 2022). An ideal ICT-assisted management likely involves home blood pressure monitoring, team care with interactive lifestyle modification guidance, and audio-video visits. Post-COVID-19 management of Hypertension can be enriched by combining remote blood pressure monitoring and virtual visits with digital therapeutics and mHealth services promoting lifestyle modifications. The remaining challenge includes cost considerations and disparities that may arise from economic status, internet availability, and digital service familiarity. Especially for a patient population whose primary or sole health condition needing medical attention is hypertension, total care with online visits may have advantage over other forms of care, offering convenience, care effectiveness using accurate BP assessment, and good cost profile. In addition, online hypertension care employing properly-planned data structure can help generate a high-quality real-world dataset which may be used to evaluate the advances in quality of care using technologies.
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The vaccine distribution system, being a bio-pharmaceutical cold chain, is a complicated and sensitive system that must be effectively managed and maintained due to its direct impact on public health. However, vaccine supply chains continue to be affected by concerns, including vaccine expiry, inclusion of counterfeit vaccines, and vaccine record fraud. The blockchain technology integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) can create a solution for global vaccine distributions with improved trust, transparency, traceability, and data management, which will help monitor the cold chain, tackle counterfeit drugs, surveillance, and waste management. Several theoretical models for vaccine management with blockchain have recently been published, and a few pilot studies for COVID-19 vaccine management using blockchain have been started in India. Still, full-scale adoption of blockchain technology in vaccine distribution and management has yet to be achieved due to underlying barriers. This study explores the adoption barriers utilizing Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework with the help of extant literature and inputs from administrators, academics, immunization, and blockchain experts and then analyzed using the Delphi and fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) techniques. The finding shows that the requirement of change in organizational structure and policies is the most prominent barrier, and the barrier related to requirement of large-scale IoT infrastructure and lack of technical expertise are the most impactful barriers. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in the identification and analysis of barriers that should be addressed to achieve blockchain technology adoption in the vaccine supply chain. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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The COVID-19 pandemic changed everything, especially marketing, leading to increased digital usage. Social media allows faster connectivity among people and gives marketers new pathways to engage with consumers. The lockdown dramatically reduced economic activity by numbers that are worth understanding. This study examines the numerous aspects contributing to the consumer's favorable opinions toward their social commerce intents and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using SEM, the data examination of 297 respondents established that applying the social support theory and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model to the proposed theoretical framework is significantly associated with social commerce intentions. The results state that all the direct hypotheses have been supported, confirming that social support, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, offline subjective norms, and online subjective norms are significantly associated with social commerce intentions. The results also indicated that Information Technology Infrastructure (ITI) moderated social support, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and online subjective norms.
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Agricultural retailers face serious challenge of losing consumers due to channel integration, it has become essential to provide an expected consistent and seamless omni-channel shopping experience in an omni-channel environment. Although previous literature has begun to focus on the consumer perspective of the omni-channel experience, little attention has been paid to the process of change from a single retail environment to omni-channel. By combining the research frameworks of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and the value-based adoption model (VAM), this study aims to identify the drivers of omni-channel consumer purchase intention in agriculture products retail. This article conducts a questionnaire survey on 620 samples in China. The results show that single-channel shopping cost, reference groups, positive online reviews, and single-channel perceived risk have a significant positive impact on the omni-channel purchase intention of agricultural products, and perceived value plays a mediating role. Moreover, contextual factors partially have a negative moderating effect. When consumers purchase agricultural products, the more suitable the online shopping environment is, the weaker the influence of single-channel shopping costs, reference groups and positive online reviews on consumers' omni-channel purchase intention. These findings build on the existing literature on the omni-channel retail consumer experience and provide insights for fresh produce retailers to implement and evaluate an omni-channel integration strategy for agriculture products. The findings may shed lights on how to promote the healthy development of the omni-channel sales model of agricultural products.
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The World Health Organization declared the emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in January 2020. To trace infection chains, Germany launched its smartphone contact tracing app, the "Corona-Warn-App" (CWA), in June 2020. In order to be successful as a tool for fighting the pandemic, a high adoption rate is required in the population. We analyse the respective factors influencing app adoption based on the health belief model (HBM) with a cross-sectional online study including 1752 participants from Germany. The study was conducted with a certified panel provider from the end of December 2020 to January 2021. This model is primarily known from evaluations of medical treatments, such as breast cancer screenings, but it was rarely applied in prior work for a health-related information system such as the CWA. Our results indicate that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to use the CWA are the strongest drivers of app use. In contrast, technical barriers, privacy concerns and lower income are the main inhibitors. Our findings contribute to the literature on the adoption of contact tracing apps by questioning actual users and non-users of the CWA, and we provide valuable insights for policymakers regarding influences of adoption and potential user groups of disease prevention technologies in times of pandemics.