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This study uses social accounting matrix multipliers and structural path analyses to estimate effects of COVID-19 and related fiscal stimuli on five household groups. The COVID-19 lockdown increased poverty in Pakistan by 15%, which was addressed using a $1.5 billion, digitally implemented Ehsaas Emergency Cash (EEC) program that reached 14.8 million poor households. The study's models show that the largest multipliers from Ehsaas program finance were in agriculture, as a 1 Rupee shock adds 0.225 Rupee income to households. About 30% of that gain was estimated to go to poor farm families. In contrast, our models find that construction and trade growth added three times as much income to poor nonfarm and urban households as to farm households. However, those sectors added only one third as much total income as agriculture. From the structural path analysis, the importance of capital assets in generating income was seen, as was the possibility of greater poverty reduction from sectors with proportionally fewer intermediate inputs and more value added. © 2023 The Authors. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Agricultural & Applied Economics Association.
ABSTRACT
The study's objective is to check whether the predictive power of Machine Learning Techniques is better than Logistic Regression in predicting the bankruptcy of firms and that the same predictive power of ascertaining bankruptcy improves when a proxy for uncertainty is added to the model as a default driver. We considered the covid pandemic a black swan event that had caused ambiguity. A significant factor that has increased the probability of bankruptcy in recent times has been the large-scale supply chain disruptions and crippling lockdowns. Firms are trying to get back to pre-Covid utilization of plant capacity or pivot their business models differently to seize newer opportunities amidst the crisis. We considered the change in operating expenditure (primarily decrease) as our proxy for uncertainty as firms were forced to cut down majorly on their operations and thus incurred lesser variable costs. In an economy showing inflationary trends, the operating expenses will generally increase. But we found that the operational costs had shown a dip in the case of many of the firms during FY 20–21, and we attributed it to Covid disruptions. Results show that Machine Learning Techniques are better than Logistic Regression in predicting the bankruptcy of firms and that the same predictive power of ascertaining bankruptcy improves when a proxy for uncertainty is added to the model. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 pandemic has caused a remarkable change in the corporate accountability process, determining the development of accounting and its role in sustainable decision making. This research contributes to understand the role of sustainability accounting in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. The thesis is that sustainability accounting may strengthen corporate responsibility and accountability during a crisis situation, like a pandemic. In this perspective there are presented crucial sustainability accounting fields, like valuation of sustainable development goals, managerial control and sustainability reporting. The research methodology is based on descriptive and comparative analysis, and the inductive and deductive reasoning helps to reach the presented conclusions. The paper presents scientific achievements in the area of sustainability accounting in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research results indicate the directions of sustainability accounting development against business conditions during the pandemic and new expectations of stakeholders. They may be important for sustainability management in uncertain times of the pandemic. Since limited study exists that examine accounting in times of corona virus pandemic, little is known about the role of sustainability accounting during this period. This paper contributes to filling this gap. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has greatly changed teaching methods. With the normalization of the pandemic, teaching has gradually entered the era of a pandemic. Online teaching greatly limits the scope of management accounting courses and requires experimental operation and interaction between students and teachers. Therefore, mixed teaching has become a breakthrough in the development of management accounting teaching. This study mainly studies accounting students who adopt the mixed teaching method of the flipped classroom. Flipped classroom teaching mode can stimulate students' learning autonomy, adjust the traditional classroom teaching activities based on teachers' teaching into an interactive and exploratory new classroom, and play a positive role in the teaching development of management accounting courses. When designing a new paradigm of management accounting teaching based on the flipped classroom, by sorting out the five basic functions of management accounting prediction, decision-making, planning, control and evaluation, knowledge point learning, ability training, and independent exploration awareness run through three different periods before, during and after class. At the end of the semester, qualitative and quantitative analysis will be conducted in the form of questionnaires and interviews. The survey found that a large number of students recognized this teaching mode, and most students believed that this teaching mode improved their learning efficiency and ability to understand and master knowledge. The survey also found that the effect of rehearsal before class determines the learning level of the class to a certain extent. This means that we must focus on optimizing the rehearsal content and selecting more effective tools to ensure that students watch the rehearsal. © 2023 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain how aspects of institutional theory can be used to explain how tertiary educational providers must necessarily adopt the same features while competing in the market for students. Using new institutional sociology (NIS), the authors seek to explain this phenomena and how such diverse private providers have borrowed from the polytechnics and universities to share the same institutional features.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs NIS to explain how tertiary educational providers must necessarily adopt the same features while competing in the market for students. In the last few decades, the Auckland tertiary market for overseas students has enjoyed strong growth before Covid-19.FindingsDecoupling provides a link between NIS and legitimacy theory in that it explains how symbolic strategies are aimed at some kind of legitimization rather than directed at technical efficiencies. It is argued that the public tertiary providers are more prone to decoupling than PTEPs because they are less attentive to costs due to their more monopolistic position in the market.Originality/valueOriginally, the market was dominated by the local universities and polytechnics with few private providers. Currently, private providers cater for a large share of the certificate and diploma market and have a growing stake in the degree market. As these changes came about so, more diverse private providers entered the market. This paper explains how these diverse entrants came to share the same organizational features.
ABSTRACT
Financial distress is a vexing managerial challenge for businesses worldwide, especially during a turbulent period like the COVID-19 pandemic. Motivated by an increasing number of closed businesses in Vietnam during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, this study is conducted to provide a comprehensive analysis of financial distress for Vietnamese listed firms. Machine learning approaches are employed using the annual data of 492 listed firms from 2012 to 2021. Specifically, we aim to identify the appropriate distress predictors for the Vietnamese listed firms using LASSO, a technique known to be superior compared to other variable selection techniques. Empirical results reveal that there are four key financial distress predictors for the Vietnamese listed firms, namely the ratios of (i) working capital and total assets, (ii) retained earnings and total assets, (iii) earnings before interest and taxes and total assets and (iv) net income and total assets. We also conducted an industry-level analysis and found that the Energy sector experienced the highest number of financially distressed firms during Covid-19. In contrast, Communication Services, Health Care, and Utilities had the lowest number of distressed firms. Policy implications have emerged based on these important findings from our analysis.
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Agricultural trade in India has recently experienced significant changes as a result of global crisis. The years 2021 and 2022 saw record exports ($50.2 billion) and imports ($32.4 billion). The resulting surplus of $17.8 billion was significantly lower than the surplus of $27.7 billion in the previous record-breaking export year 2013–14. Covid pandemic and Russia Ukraine war had a positive influence on the record exports from India. But the greater increase in imports has partially offset the remarkable expansion in exports. In this context, an attempt has been made to examine the causes of this pattern in India's export of agricultural produces. The study in this regard is significant because, aside from software services, this is one industry in which India has some comparative advantage. The nation must prioritise a stable trade policy, especially for those goods having highest trade potential.
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, where the relations between business and society change under the influence of various factors, society expects businesses to create social and environmental values as well as economic value. From this point of view, sustainable business success;in addition to following economic policies aimed at increasing shareholder profits in enterprises, it requires the monitoring and measurement of the effects of business activities on the environment and society, and the use of tools and methods to fulfill these transactions. At this point, the duty of accounting is to provide information about economic activities as well as to provide information to its stakeholders about the social and environmental performance of the enterprise. As of 2019, it is important to reconsider the issue of accounting profession and sustainability in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the world and the changes experienced and to address the responsibilities of the accounting profession in this process. In this period, which is called the epidemic period caused by COVID-19 and affected all countries of the world, social and economic orders, companies and professions faced many positive and negative effects. This period accelerated the digital transformation, brought services to the agenda, and many professions had to adapt to this digital transformation. There are also professional accountants among these professions. Moreover, accounting professionals are the most important stakeholders and indispensable actors of companies, which are the smallest dynamos of economies. In this context, it is aimed to reveal the relationship between sustainability, the role of accounting and the COVID-19 outbreak in this study. In this study, regarding the professional accountants who assume such a big task in social and economic terms;COVID-19—to determine how the professional accountants are affected positively and negatively during the pandemic period. It is aimed to identify how these effects change business lives and office environments, and in this context, to present a roadmap for the future sustainability of the accounting profession. The study consists of three parts;In the first part, literature research, in the second part, the need for the profession, and in the third part, a survey study was conducted for accounting professionals across Turkey, and the positive and negative situations they experienced during the COVID-19 period and the ways they adapted to these situations were investigated. As a result, when such epidemic periods are encountered again, solutions have been suggested for what kind of a road map to follow in terms of the sustainability of the profession. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.