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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the use of video-mediated justice practices. However, such developments have already been transforming justice over the course of the previous 20 years. Scholars and legal professinals have expressed concerns over how remote appearance in court impacts perceptions of the accused. In this article, we consider some of these concerns and explore the concept of the ‘distributed court' as a potential remedy. Unlike traditional video appearance in court, where a defendant participates remotely while all other players are co-located in the same courtroom, in a distributed court all participants meet in a shared virtual space. Such a configuration is similar to the virtual courts developed worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. We draw on a reimagining of co-presence from scholars in the sociology of technology to elaborate the concept of the distributed court. We then present the results of a mock jury study that examines how jurors respond to variations in court technology configurations. We find that appearing by video does not impact the likelihood of a guilty verdict. Rather, a defendant appearing alone in a dock seems to be the most prejudicial location. We find that a distributed court can communicate equality and produce a shared experience of remote participation. We conclude with a discussion of how this research can inform best practice in a future where a significant number of criminal hearings are likely to continue in a virtual format.
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Although research on e-mental health in criminal justice settings continues to accumulate, the evidence base on this topic remains limited. In recent years, technological innovations have increasingly entered forensic and correctional mental health care, and the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated their diffusion. The present special issue aims to promote evidence-based best practices and inform clinical decision-making in criminal justice settings by presenting recent developments and findings relevant to the use of e-mental health. In this introduction, we summarize the eight articles in the special issue and discuss directions for future research.
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It's less possible to promote health behaviors without theory-based studies and it's better to use health education and promotion theories for more effective health education and promotion interventions. Theories are able to change the behavior of individuals at the personal, interpersonal, organizational, social, and policymaking levels. Organizations play an important role in the daily life of people, and any changes in these organizations can affect people's health. The Community Coalition Action Theory (CCAT) is a form of theories for the change across organizations. A community coalition is a structured arrangement where all members can work together on a common goal and objective. The current article focuses on applications of the CCAT to provide a framework for the development of activities and interventions related to confronting Covid-19. Forming a coalition is very significant and can increase the effectiveness of interventional programs. CCAT is one of the best practices that can be achieved through joint activities of multiple organizations that lead to improved health behaviors
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Although computational linguistic methods—such as topic modelling, sentiment analysis and emotion detection—can provide social media researchers with insights into online public discourses, it is not inherent as to how these methods should be used, with a lack of transparent instructions on how to apply them in a critical way. There is a growing body of work focusing on the strengths and shortcomings of these methods. Through applying best practices for using these methods within the literature, we focus on setting expectations, presenting trajectories, examining with context and critically reflecting on the diachronic Twitter discourse of two case studies: the longitudinal discourse of the NHS Covid-19 digital contact-tracing app and the snapshot discourse of the Ofqual A Level grade calculation algorithm, both related to the UK. We identified difficulties in interpretation and potential application in all three of the approaches. Other shortcomings, such the detection of negation and sarcasm, were also found. We discuss the need for further transparency of these methods for diachronic social media researchers, including the potential for combining these approaches with qualitative ones—such as corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis—in a more formal framework.
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Purpose>This paper aims to intend to ascertain whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) can serve as an effective promotional tool for the Malaysian halal certified companies in the era of Covid-19 pandemic. Starting from being nice to do, the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic has brought CSR to the forefront of businesses, forcing them to rapidly shift from profit maximisation to business preservation. Thus, it is practically crucial to ascertain whether CSR could be effectively used to promote halal brands in this era.Design/methodology/approach>To achieve the stated aim, a survey questionnaire was developed and used to collect data from 295 participants who are familiar with the concepts of CSR and halal in Malaysia. The data collected were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings>The findings reveal that the commitment to halal best practices, zakat and charitable donations, environmental responsibility, employee welfare and responsible dealings with clients are the most important CSR activities that can promote halal certified companies in the era of Covid-19. Whilst there is a positive relationship between halal economic responsibility and CSR as a promotional tool, such relationship is not significant. Nevertheless, the relationship between legal responsibility and CSR as a promotional tool is negative and insignificant.Research limitations/implications>Limitations are inevitable in any study where a convenient sampling technique is used. Respondents from Klang Valley in Malaysia make up a large proportion of the study's sample. This may consequently limit the generalisability of the findings of this study. Hence, future research should adequately collect data from other cities in Malaysia. Moreover, this paper does not differentiate between perceptions of Muslims and non-Muslims or between male and female;this might have an effect, as Muslims are likely to favour most of the items in the questionnaire used to collect data for this study. Thus, future research may collect sufficient data to shed more light on this issue.Originality/value>The researchers have revealed that CSR is an effective promotional tool for the Malaysian halal certified companies in the era of Covid-19 pandemic. Study of this nature is rare in academic literature.
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Purpose>The purpose of this study is to map the intellectual structure of the research concerning conflict and conflict management in virtual teams (VT), to contribute to the further integration of knowledge among different streams of research and to develop an interpretative framework to stimulate future research.Design/methodology/approach>A data set of 107 relevant papers on the topic was retrieved using the Web of Science Core Collection database covering a period ranging from 2001 to 2019. A comparative bibliometric analysis consisting of the integration of results from the citation, co-citation and bibliographic coupling was performed to identify the most influential papers. The systematic literature review complemented the bibliometric results by clustering the most influential papers.Findings>The results revealed different intellectual structures across several types of analyses. Despite such differences, 41 papers resulted as the most impactful and provided evidence of the emergence of five thematic clusters: trust, performance, cultural diversity, knowledge management and team management.Research limitations/implications>Based on the bibliometric analyses an interpretative research agenda has been developed that unveils the main future research avenues. The paper also offers important theoretical contributions by systematizing knowledge on conflict in identifying VTs. Managerial contributions in the form of the identification of best practices are also developed to guide conflict management in VTs.Originality/value>The uniqueness of this paper is related to its effort in studying, mapping and systematizing the knowledge concerning the topic of handling conflicts in VTs. Considering the current contingencies, this research is particularly timely.
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Purpose> Much of public relations scholarship in the last three decades has been dominated by discussions about best practices. Theories developed over the years have often been based on western practices with little focus on emerging economies such as Africa. The growing call for a shift to a new system, especially from a non-western perspective has resulted in scholars examining public relations scholarship and practice in other jurisdictions, particularly in Asia. The onset of globalisation increased the scholarly discussion on public relations theorising, with culture playing a significant role in these discussions. This paper undertakes a review of the various discussions on public relations theorising due to globalisation and discusses its implications for public relations scholarship and practice in Africa.Design/methodology/approach> The paper approaches the issue by examining relevant literature on globalisation and societal changes, public relations theorising, and the African worldview.Findings> The paper concludes by proposing an African public relations framework that reflects the African worldview. The framework proposes that African public relations can be premised on four levels, humanist, relational, communalist, and strategic.Research limitations/implications> This research is limited in the sense that the proposed framework has not been empirically tested for verification. It offers scholars the opportunity to empirically test it within the African setting.Practical implications> The framework presents an opportunity for practitioners to review public relations practice within the African context.Originality/value> The paper's originality is premised on the development of a public relations framework premised on African social values.
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The chapter discusses the complexities involved in the supervision and mentoring process for school social workers. The orientation and training of social workers is often in contrast to that of their school colleagues and administrators, so they may need to educate their supervisors and colleagues about a variety of social work topics. This chapter explains the importance of connecting with professional organizations for continued professional development. It explores ways to bridge the gap between orientation and training and offers tips and tools to help new social workers become leaders in their profession and in their district. The experiences of the chapter authors, an educator and a social worker, are highlighted. © Oxford University Press 2022. All rights reserved.
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IntroductionSystematic reviews (SRs) are central to evaluating therapies but have high costs in time and money. Many software tools exist to assist with SRs, but most tools do not support the full process, and transparency and replicability of SR depends on performing and presenting evidence according to established best practices. In order to provide a basis for comparing between software tools that support SR, we performed a feature-by-feature comparison of SR tools.MethodsWe searched for SR tools by reviewing any such tool listed the Systematic Review Toolbox, previous reviews of SR tools, and qualitative Google searching. We included all SR tools that were currently functional, and required no coding and excluded reference managers, desktop applications, and statistical software. The list of features to assess was populated by combining all features assessed in four previous reviews of SR tools;we also added five features (manual addition, screening automation, dual extraction, living review, and public outputs) that were independently noted as best practices or enhancements of transparency/replicability. Then, two reviewers assigned binary ‘present/absent' assessments to all SR tools with respect to all features, and a third reviewer adjudicated all disagreements.ResultsOf 53 SR tools found, 29 were excluded, leaving 24 for assessment. Thirty features were assessed across six classes, and the inter-observer agreement was 86 percent. DistillerSR (Evidence Partners;n = 26/30, 87%), Nested Knowledge (Nested Knowledge;n = 25/30, 83%), and EPPI-Reviewer Web (EPPI-Centre;n = 24/30, 80%) support the most features followed by Giotto Compliance (Giotto Compliance;n = 23/30, 77%), LitStream (ICF;n = 22/30, 73%), and SRDB.PRO (VTS Software;n = 21/30, 70%). Seven tools support fewer than half of all features assessed: RobotAnalyst, SyRF, Data ion Assistant, SWIFT-Review, SR-Accelerator, RobotReviewer, and COVID-NMA. Notably, only 10 tools (42%) support direct search, 7 (29%) offer dual extraction, and 13 (54%) offer living/updatable reviews.ConclusionsDistillerSR, EPPI-Reviewer Web, and Nested Knowledge each offer a high density of SR-focused web-based tools. By transparent comparison and discussion regarding SR tool functionality, the medical community can choose among existing software offerings and note the areas of growth needed, most notably in the support of living reviews.
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Focus of the seminar While the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many international and virtual opportunities that may have not been possible previously, we were convinced that a face-to-face event could have been more beneficial and impactful (i.e., networking and exchange of best practice). Dr. Ateek's presentation ‘Language analysis for determination of origin (LADO) and whether it works' explored how LADO is used as a gatekeeper by the Home Office with a focus on the perspectives of asylum seeker-participants who went through the process. In the presentation ‘Striving for inclusivity in an exclusionary environment – conducting research with refugees and asylum seekers in the UK', Dr. Reynolds reported and reflected on her own efforts to work ethically, responsibly, and reflexively with asylum seekers and refugees during her linguistic ethnographic doctoral study of communication in refugee and asylum legal advice meetings in the UK context.
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Background: Attendance policies for common pediatric illnesses vary widely across childcare centers despite nationally published guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this problem, leading to economic loss from parental work absenteeism and excess medicalization of children with common illnesses. We sought to understand barriers to and recommendations for adopting best practices on attendance policies at Early Head Start and Head Start (EHS/HS) childcare centers. Methods: We conducted 19 semistructured qualitative interviews: 9 with childcare leadership and 10 with parents from EHS/HS childcare centers across Colorado. Interviews took place between April and December 2021. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded in ATLAS.ti using a priori and emergent coding strategies. Descriptive content analysis was used to identify central themes, which were iteratively revised by 2 authors. Results: We derived 7 convergent and 4 divergent themes from leadership and parents addressing attendance decisions. Overlapping themes on barriers to adopting best practices included difficulty assessing symptom severity, limited medical provider understanding of childcare requirements, parent employment pressures, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on exclusion durations. Leadership and parent perspectives differed on resources utilized, understanding of exclusionary symptoms, and role of medical providers in making attendance decisions. Overlapping themes on recommendations for best practices included access to registered nursing, concrete guidance on symptoms, and partnering with health departments. Leadership and parents agree that the COVID-19 pandemic led to increased guideline use in making attendance decisions and increased rates of excluding children from class for minor illness compared to prepandemic times. Both leadership and parents recommended consistency in exclusion practices, but leadership and parents identified medical providers and childcare leadership, respectively, as current sources of inconsistency. Salient findings showed variability in defining a fever by age from both leadership and parents. Conclusions: Coordination is needed between childcare centers, medical facilities, and health departments to improve attendance decisions for common pediatric illnesses. Future work should (1) develop concrete symptom guidance for parents with specific exclusion criteria (eg, via a decision aid), (2) assess the utility and feasibility of regular classroom access to registered nursing, and (3) advocate for employee protections to care for sick children at home.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Inspired by pandemic-transformed instruction, this paper examines the digital accessibility of five tech tools used in information literacy sessions, specifically for students who use assistive technologies such as screen readers. The tools are Kahoot!, Mentimeter, Padlet, Jamboard, and Poll Everywhere. First, we provide an overview of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and digital accessibility definitions, descriptions of screen reading assistive technology, and the current use of tech tools in information literacy instruction for student engagement. Second, we examine accessibility testing assessments of the five tech tools selected for this paper. Our data show that the tools had severe, significant, and minor levels of digital accessibility problems, and while there were some shared issues, most problems were unique to the individual tools. We explore the implications of tech tools' unique environments as well as the importance of best practices and shared vocabularies. We also argue that digital accessibility benefits all users. Finally, we provide recommendations for teaching librarians to collaborate with campus offices to assess and advance the use of accessible tech tools in information literacy instruction, thereby enhancing an equitable learning environment for all students.
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According to its Founding Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 178/2002), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was tasked to establish a system of networks of organisations operating in the fields within EFSA's remit, with the objective to facilitate a scientific cooperation framework by coordinating activities, exchanging information, developing and implementing joint projects, and exchanging expertise and best practices. The Scientific Network on Risk Assessment in Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) aims to build a mutual understanding of risk assessment principles in the areas of animal health and welfare, to promote harmonisation of animal health and welfare risk assessment practices and methodologies, and to reduce the duplication of activities by identifying and sharing current and upcoming priorities. The network organises an annual meeting dedicated to animal health‐related issues to discuss and exchange on all topics relevant and interesting to its member organisations. In 2022, this annual meeting took place on 27 and 28 June. Among all topics covered, special attention was paid to avian influenza, African swine fever and SARS‐CoV‐2. One Health surveillance and biosecurity were further highlights in 2022. This report summarises the activities presented by members and observers of the network as well as EFSA's contributions during the meeting.
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Purpose>Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, also known as three-dimensional printing (3DP), is a technological breakthrough that have the potential to disrupt the traditional operations of supply chains. They open the way to a supply chains innovation that can significantly benefit hospitals and health-related organizations in dealing with crises or unexpected events in a faster and more flexible way. In this study the authors identify the boundary of this potential support.Design/methodology/approach>The authors adopt a case study approach to understand the dynamics behind a well-known best practice to identify the main opportunities and the main pitfalls that AM may pose to health-related organizations wanting to leverage them.Findings>The case highlights that it is possible to increase hospital flexibility using AM and that by leveraging the Internet it is possible to spread the benefits faster than what it would be normally possible using traditional supply chain processes. At the same time the case highlights that leveraging these technologies needs buy-in from all the relevant stakeholders.Originality/value>The paper is one of the first, to the best of the authors' knowledge, to highlight the main opportunities and difficulties of implementing 3DP technologies in hospital supply chain management.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in an era of supply chain disruption and unpredictability that has severely challenged many companies' planning and processes, and revealed how far prevailing practices are from the ideal. An MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics poll conducted online at the onset of the pandemic revealed that only 16% of organizations had an emergency response center -- an established best practice for mitigating and recovering from unplanned interruptions in the physical flow of goods. Unsurprisingly, given the pandemic's disruptive effects, the same poll found that the highest ambition of supply chain managers was to bolster their risk management protocols and tools. The problem with crisis-driven supply chain initiatives that are focused on protocols and tools is that they are only as effective as the ability of the organization to use them. Having that ability requires the systematic development of capabilities to manage for supply disruptions. These capabilities are combinations of people, policies, processes, and technologies that ensure companies can not only plan for and respond to known business and operating risks but also--and more importantly--manage unknown-but-knowable threats and their associated consequences.
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The beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic required research institution administrators and researchers to make rapid and unprecedented decisions about whether research should continue and in what form. In the fall of 2020, we conducted a national survey of 930 federally-funded principal investigators (PIs) who continued in-person research during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated researcher perceptions of what shaped their choices about conducting in-person essential research and managing personnel during this time. Several quantitative survey questions asked about PI perceptions of institutional policies serving as barriers and facilitators to decision making, and these responses to qualitative questions were coded when they made reference to the role of administration in their decisions. Using this subset of data, we analyzed how administrative decisions at the institutional level affected downstream experiences of researchers. By jointly interpreting the quantitative and qualitative data, we identified 10 concrete lessons that can inform administrator decision making and best practices in preparation and response to crisis shutdowns of research if and when they happen in the future.
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Airports are implementing innovative technologies represented as Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to prepare for an increase of customer numbers and provide better experience in post-corona era. This study aims to explore the role of technologies recently introduced in airports and the benefits of the such technology-driven transition. To achieve the purpose, this study focuses on technologies of robots, AI, and service automation (RAISA) along with service process from the perspective of airport customers. For the analysis, the best practice of airport in South Korea is selected and provide basic data for RAISA utilization. Through the case analysis, this study categorizes the core technologies utilized in airports and explores the advantages, for instance attaining process efficiency and providing customer convenience from RAISA. In conclusion, despite suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic, it can be a possible opportunity to restructure and reorganize the airport service process through the implementation of RAISA. © 2022 IEEE.
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[...]the WHO and government organizations highly recommended working from home by using available ICT collaboration tools to protect people's health, whereas economic, educational and various activities were being carried out normally (WHO, 2020). [...]MC technologies and solutions will help to shorten the time and give more collective power to creating, sharing and exploiting new knowledge for dealing with this situation (Sulaiman, 2020). [...]we are specifically interested in reflections on how world countries, organizations and individuals rebuild their collaboration experiences to create, share and exploit new knowledge, through review the best practices and lessons learned to promote global experiences (Borjigen, 2015;Scuotto, 2017;Zamiri and Camarinha-Matos, 2019). The use of collaborative online technologies in different contexts assists to streamline the services delivery and KM activities at all levels: public/private organizations, businesses and citizens;most recently, it has been considered a life-sustaining tool to manage the crisis (i.e. COVID-19) as it is able to enhance the service delivery, collaborative efforts, communications, information sharing and KM activities (Mensah et al., 2021).
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The paper’s goals are to comprehend strategies for tourism destinations after the coronavirus. The research question (RQ) is if the digital platform experience of a leading country in wine tourism can help to overcome COVID-19 and to turn the sector. The general topics related to destinations, specifically Italian wine tourism destinations, have been elaborated on in the introduction. Starting with a literature review relating to the destination tourism crisis in the tourism sector, the paper highlights the potential and basic lessons for coping with the current crisis. The method, which is connected to a wine tourism destination in Italy, emphasizes both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results demonstrate the best practices as well as the bottlenecks. The discussions would result in the creation of strategic alternatives specific to the sector and its destinations. The study limits, considering bottlenecks that might arise in the future. The findings emphasize that the sector requires substantial funding from information and communication technology (ICT) to build smart destinations.
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Alle besigheid behels die aanvaarding en bestuur van risiko, veral waar besighede betrokke is by die aanbieding en bestuur van gebeure wat inherent riskant is. Gebeurtenisbestuur is dus intrinsiek gemoeid met die bestuur van verskeie vorme van risiko. Hierdie studie het ten doel om die faktore te identifiseer wat die beste praktyke in die bestuur van risiko tydens gebeurtenisbestuur beinvloed en om te bepaal tot watter mate die faktore bydra tot die effektiewe bestuur van risiko in gebeurtenisbestuur. Meer as ooit tevore verwag 'n verskeidenheid belanghebbendes dat organiseerders van geleenthede aktief betrokke sal raak by die bestuur van risikos en dit sal doen in die mate van wat redelikerwys as uitvoerbaar beskou kan word. 'n Kwalitatiewe benadering is vir hierdie studie onderneem wat bestaan uit tien aanlyn (virtuele) semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met geselekteerde ervare professionele persone om hul perspektiewe oor die bestuur van risiko in gebeurtenisbestuur vas te stel en waarom beste praktykstandaarde dikwels nie gebruik word nie. Die studie het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat risikobestuur 'n integrale deel van die gebeurtenisbestuursproses moet wees wat alle fases van gebeurtenisse insluit.Alternate :All business involves assuming and managing risk, and this is particularly true of businesses involved in the staging and management of events, which are inherently risky endeavours. Event management is thus intrinsically concerned with managing various forms of risk. This study aims to identify the factors that influence best practices in managing risk during event management, and to determine the extent to which the factors contribute towards effectively managing risk in event management. More than ever before, a variety of stakeholders are expecting that event organisers will actively engage in managing risks and will do so to the extent of what can be considered reasonably practicable. A qualitative approach was undertaken for this study, consisting of ten online (virtual) semi-structured interviews with selected experienced professionals to ascertain their perspectives on managing risk in events management, and why best practice standards are often not employed. The study concluded that risk management must be an integral part of the event management process, encompassing all phases of events.