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Of late, global food security has been under threat by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the recent military conflict in Eastern Europe. This article presents the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals and the European Green Deal related to achieving food security and sustainable development in European Union (EU) agriculture, taking the aforementioned threats into account. In addition, it discusses the future of plant agricultural biotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) systems, considering their potential for reaching the goal of food security. Paradoxically, the present challenging situation may allow politicians and stakeholders of the EU to realize opportunities and use the potential of the biotechnology sector.
Subject(s)
Artificial Intelligence , COVID-19 , Humans , Food Supply , COVID-19/epidemiology , Biotechnology , Agriculture , Food SecurityABSTRACT
Biodiversity combines species, their genetic variability, their ecosystems and all the relationships between them. Endosymbiosis is one of the more important, the probable way between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Evolution of life relies on combining previous elements into new ones. The discovery of microbiome changes the way microorganisms are considered within the whole biodiversity and for their links with sanitary challenges. Cooperation seems as important as competition. Is it then pertinent to see the development of genomics as the only possibility to discover new viruses in reservoir species before they start new pandemics and to prevent them? Is it the good way to ask the question of new sanitary risks emergence? What about considering the ecology of epidemiological cycles? Or working breeding practices with more connection to local biodiversity? How human sciences could be taken into account? A few examples will illustrate some of these points. Copyright © 2022 Academie Veterinaire de France. All rights reserved.
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In our Country, protein crop have undergone a significant reduction since the beginning of the new millennium. Such a drastic reduction in planted areas has led, from an agronomic-environmental point of view, to an unsustainable simplification of crop rotations with serious consequences on the typical crop systems of Mediterranean agriculture. On the contrary, access to the agri-environmental subsidies requires crop rotation for farms requesting access to supplementary aid within the Rural Development Plans. It is worth mentioning that protein crops are also very suitable for "low input" itineraries. For instance, soybeans do not require specific nitrogen fertilizer, while other species perform well with minimum tillage, while others (rapeseed) with new rapid-growth hybrids, are able to assimilate important quantities of nitrates while preserving the rhizosphere from the common nutrient-loss problems. It therefore appears essential to reduce this heavy state of dependence, on the one hand by regaining space for the growing of protein crops, in particular soybean, which has undergone a significant reduction, and on the other, through a diversification of vegetable protein sources.
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Seeking to fine-tune nitrogen (N) application, increase economic returns, and decrease environmental N loss, some Arkansas rice (Oryza sativa L.) producers are turning away from blanket N recommendations based on soil texture and cultivar and using the Nitrogen Soil Test for Rice (N-STaR) to determine their field-specific N rates. In 2010, Roberts et al. correlated years of direct steam distillation (DSD) results obtained from 0- to 18-in. soil samples to plot-scale N response trials across the state to develop a field-specific, soil-based N test for Arkansas rice. After extensive small-plot and field-scale validation, N-STaR is available to Arkansas farmers for both silt loam and clay soils. Samples submitted to the N-STaR Soil Testing Lab in 2021 were summarized by county and soil texture, totaled 21 fields across 9 Arkansas counties, and were from 6 clay and 15 silt loam fields. Depressed sample submissions were again observed likely due to another wet spring and lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The N-STaR N-rate recommendations for samples were compared to the producer's estimated N rate, the 2021 Recommended Nitrogen Rates and Distribution for Rice Cultivars in Arkansas, and the standard Arkansas N-rate recommendation of 150 lb N/ac for silt loam soils and 180 lb N/ac for clay soils. Each comparison was divided into 3 categories based on a decrease in recommendation, no change in recommended N rate, or an increase in the N rate recommendation. In all 3 comparisons, county, but not soil texture, was a significant factor (P < 0.04) in observed decreases in N recommendation strategies demonstrating variations in the soil's ability to supply N across the state. Further stressing the potential N cost savings opportunities, reductions greater than 30 lb N/ac were recommended by N-STaR in 71%, 50%, and 74% of fields in the standard, estimated, and cultivar comparisons, respectively.
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Earthquake is the vibrations on the earth's surface due to the sudden release of energy from the earthquake center in the earth. The released energy propagates through the ground in the form of vibrations. It is a natural ground movement caused by a variety of phenomena, including tectonic processes, volcanism, and explosions, as well as collapse. An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.4 on the Richter Scale that rocked the Central Sulawesi region caused the tsunami that hit the Talise Beach and the liquefaction in Petobo and Balaroa of Palu City, as well as the liquefaction in Sibalaya of Sigi Regency. After the disaster, the Sigi area, especially Bulubete Village, was the subject of flash floods due to the changes in waterways which should pass into the residential area instead through the river. This study aimed to determine the Development of Beef Cattle Breeding Business at the Public Animal Husbandry School (SPR) in Sigi Regency during the Covid-19 pandemic as well as the earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction. This research was conducted from March to May 2022. The location of this research was determined based on purposively. This research was conducted in Bulubete Village of Sigi Regency. Population method was used in determining the number of samples which was also used as the sample of 36 breeders. The result obtained in this study was that natural disasters and the spread of covid-19 greatly affected the development of the cattle business at Anutapura SPR of Bulubete Village of South Dolo District of Sigi Regency. The population and demand at Anutapura SPR experienced a sales trend after the disaster and the covid-19 pandemic. In this case, the cattle population increased before the natural disaster and decreased after the natural disaster coupled with the covid-19 pandemic which affected the demand for beef.
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This study aim to improve the quality of Phyllanthus sp production by increasing the content of secondary metabolites as a bioactive compound. Phyllanthus sp contains various secondary metabolites that enhance immunity and treat diabetes, hypertension, antioxidants, anti-cancer, kidney disorders, and other illnesses. Since the Covid-19 pandemic, Phyllanthus sp widely used as a raw material for making herbal medicines. The trade value of Indonesian herbal medicines is estimated to increase in 2022, and the price will reach around the US $ 910 million, so it has very bright business prospects. These relatively limited phytopharmaceutical products constrain the supply of high-quality raw materials under the requirements of the herb medicine industry. Therefore, conducting a depth assessment related to efforts to improve the quality of Phyllanthus sp production by increasing the content of secondary metabolites is necessary. The efforts to enhance the quality of Phyllanthus sp as a source of herbal medicine raw materials can be made through plant breeding such as genetic mutations and in combination with the environmental arrangements of soil water content and solar radiation intensity. The efforts to increase the quality of herbal medicine raw materials are critical to support the development of the herbal medicine industry.
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Indonesia is a country with a very high diversity of bananas (Musa spp.). The diversity of bananas can be found in Indonesia ranging from wild to commercial ones. Banana research activities at Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) started with the Musa germplasm collection, comprising local cultivars from several regions in Indonesia in 1987. In 1995, ITFRI introduced several accessions of bananas and plantains from International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP), and at about the same time Musa exploration activities intensively took place to collect both local cultivars and wild species in several main islands of Indonesia. In line with the collection of Musa genetic materials, cultivar development activities were also carried out, including the selection and evaluation of superior characters of local and introduced cultivars, and breeding programs to produce superior quality and disease-tolerant bananas. Some of the superior cultivars resulting from selection and hybridization that have been released were, Ketan-01, Kepok Tanjung, Raja Kinalun, INA-03, and Sang Mulyo. With the outbreak of the current COVID-19 pandemic, public awareness of fruit consumption, including bananas, has also increased. The availability of superior disease-tolerant and high-yielding cultivars such as Kepok Tanjung and Sang Mulyo will greatly assist the availability of domestic bananas.
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In this article the authors discussed how catfish producers in Mississippi, Arkansas, and Alabama were able to maintain and even increase their production despite of Covid-19 by adopting new intensive production systems and complementary technologies such as intensively aerated small ponds, use of hybrids, automated oxygen monitoring systems, and vaccinations.
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This special issue consists of 9 articles on the following topics: population genomics reveals repeated signals of adaptive divergence in the Atlantic salmon of north-eastern Europe;transcriptome wide genotype-phenotype associations in Daphnia in a predation risk environment;the pitfalls and virtues of population genetic summary statistics: Detecting selective sweeps in recent divergences;using gradient Forest to predict climate response and adaptation in Cork oak;variable routes to genomic and host adaptation among coronaviruses;little parallelism in genomic signatures of local adaptation in two sympatric, cryptic sister species;genomic signatures of UV resistance evolution in Escherichia coli depend on the growth phase during exposure;visual and nonvisual opsin genes of sharks and other nonosteichthyan vertebrates: Genomic exploration of underwater photoreception;and microRNA expression variation as a potential molecular mechanism contributing to adaptation to hydrogen sulphide.
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In this paper, the development trend and current situation of fur-bearing animal breeding industry in China in last decade were summarized. The effect of the sudden break out of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on fur-bearing animal breeding in China was analyzed. Meanwhile, the future development of China's fur-bearing animal husbandry was prospected, and the suggestions to perfect fur-bearing animal husbandry in our country were also put forward.
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Mink coronavirus(MCoV),a member of Coronaviridae,Alphacoronavirus,is an important pathogenic agent of Mink epizootic catarrhal gastroenteritis(ECG), which is characterized by catarrhal diarrhea in minks. ECG has broken out in many mink farms in several countries and caused serious threats to minks. This article reviews the research progress on ECG reported since 1975, including the genomic structure, genetic evolution and receptor characteristics of MCoV,diagnosis, prevention and treatment of ECG. This review will provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of ECG, and arouse people's attention to MCoV.
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Preliminary screening and identification of the host proteins interacting with the nucleocapsid(N)protein of the porcine deltacoronavirus(DCoV). Co-immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry were used to screen out the host proteins interacting with the N protein of the porcine DCoV. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out, and then co-immunoprecipitation was used for identification. Sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitation products revealed different protein bands around 40 kDa and 100 kDa. Sixty-eight host proteins interacting with the N protein of the porcine DCoV were screened by mass spectrometry. Two candidate interacting proteins(ANXA2 and TUBB2 B)were selected by analyses using the Gene Ontology, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. After co-immunoprecipitation verification, the N protein of the porcine DCoV was found to interact with TUBB2 B. Our study provides a new direction for further exploration of the role of the N protein of the porcine DCoV in infection.
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This paper aims to present the proposal of a platform founded on a Virtual Breeding Environment (VBE) as an alternative for resource sharing, survival, and growth of organizations that were impacted by the economic recession caused by COVID-19. Considering this, an informational platform model is presented, based on the theoretical framework of VBE and the potential to meet the needs of actors who are part of this environment. The result is a platform called Collabore. This platform helps with resource sharing between companies and enables the development of new network technologies. It also facilitates the co-creation of value between actors, allows lobby creation to compete with large companies in the global market, ensures new jobs and income generation, and facilitates the collaboration between companies dispersed globally, connected by Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). © 2022, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.
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Introduction: Most areas under spring sugar beet cultivation face severe water restrictions and increasing the area under cultivation of this crop in most of these areas is contrary to the principle of conservation of water and soil resources. The use of new areas for winter sugar beet cultivation should be the area under cultivation of this crop in hot and dry areas. Therefore, winter sowing (pending) of sugar beet with emphasis on the limitations of the country's water resources has been proposed as a solution. Materials and Methods: In this study, the quantitative and qualitative yield of 16 sugar beet genotypes in winter planting were studied as a randomized complete block design with four replications in the Torbat-e-Jam region in the two cropping years (2020-2021 and 2021-2022). The studied genotypes included F-20739, F-20837, F-21083, SBSI-5, SBSI-15, SVZA 2019-JD389, SVZA 2019-JD0402, SVZA 2019-JD0400, SVZA 2019-JD0401, FDIR 19 B 3021, FDIR 19 B 4028, F-20591, SBSI-6, SBSI-16, SBSI-7 and SBSI-17 are the breeding populations obtained from the gene bank of the Sugar Beet Seed Breeding Research Institute. In this research, traits such as root yield, sugar content, sugar yield, white sugar yield, Na, K, N, alkalinity, molasses sugar, white sugar content, and extraction coefficient of sugar were measured. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.1 software. The analysis of variance on test data and comparison to the middle of the Duncan test was performed at the 5% level. Factor analysis was calculated to identify the main factors using MINITAB software. Cluster analysis of the studied genotypes was obtained after standardizing the data by the Ward method and using Euclidean distance criterion with the help of SPSS software. Results and Discussion: The results of the combined analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between different genotypes of sugar beet at the level of 1% probability for all studied traits except for nitrogen content. The mean comparison showed that the SBSI-15 genotype had the highest root yield (60.66 ton.ha). It should be noted that this genotype in terms of yield index traits did not show significantly different from genotypes F-20739, SBSI-15, SVZA 2019-JD389, SVZA 2019-JD0402, SVZA 2019-JD0400, SVZA 2019-JD0401, and FDIR 19 B 4028. Also, the F-20739 genotype had the highest amounts of sugar content (19.5%), white sugar content (16.3%) and extraction coefficient of sugar (83.2%) and the lowest amount of potassium (4.24 meq .100 g-1 of root weight) and Molasses sugar (2.7%). In addition, the highest sugar yield (10.69 t/ha) and white sugar yield (8.68 t/ha) were in FDIR 19 B 3021 genotype. Investigating the correlation of traits showed the highest positive and significant correlation was between sugar yield and white sugar yield (0.99**) and the highest negative and significant correlation was between extraction coefficient of sugar and molasses sugar (-0.95**). Principal factor analysis based on the mean of the traits identified three factors that accounted for a total of 91% of the variability between the data. SBSI-15, SVZA 2019-JD0398, SVZA 2019-JD0402, SVZA 2019-JD0400, SVZA 2019-JD0401, FDIR 19 B 3021, and FDIR 19 B 4028 genotypes are distinguished different from other genotypes and they were as superior genotypes in terms of yield index traits. The dendrogram generated from the cluster analysis for white sugar yield classified genotypes into three main groups.
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This article highlights information on the beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity of dogs, effects of grass consumption, and the breeding and care of dogs.
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This special issue consists of 17 papers dealing with issues animal health (captive and wild primates), environmental health (rain forests and mountain areas), and human health (the role of religion in One Health, lessons from the Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus) and other human-non-human primate interactions,and Covid-19).
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Social media is widely considered to be a breeding ground for misinformation and disinformation. The current paper looks at some of the most important Romanian influences on Facebook to analyze their networks - how many followers engage with the content they are posting how active their followers are, and to what extent are followers shared among different influences. To perform the analysis, 360 posts have been downloaded, together with comments and shares;there have been 126,784 comments and shares in the final analysis from 75,519 distinct followers. Results show that overlap of followers is not significant, with only a few clusters (i.e., influences sharing many of theirfollowers) being visible. Graphical visualization of some networks and clusters are also provided, using the Gephi specialized software.
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The C-terminal domain (CTD) of porcine deltacoronavirus S1 subunit is the main region which induces the neutralizing antibody. S1-CTD was expressed by HEK-293T eukaryotic expression system and purified, and porcine ileal epithelium cells membrane proteins were extracted to investigate porcine host proteins that interact with it. Thirty-two suspected interacting host proteins were obtained by co-inmunprecipitation (Co-IP) and mass spectrometry. Eukaryotic expression plasmid of KIF1 binding protein (KIFBP) was constructed, and the interaction between KIFBP and S1-CTD was identified by Co-IP and laser confocal microscopy. All results proved that KIFBP interacted with S1-CTD and co-located in cytoplasm. Further research indicated that overexpression of KIFBP could effectively reduce the viral mRNA level and the viral titer in which the mRNA level decreased by about 70%, and the viral titer decreased by 101.6TCID50. In conclusion, a host protein KIFBP interacting with PDCoV S1-CTD was screened and identified in this study which provides a theoretical basis for understanding the pathogenesis of PDCoV.
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Human use of oceans has dramatically increased in the 21st century. Sea turtles are vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors in the marine environment because of lengthy migrations between foraging and breeding sites, often along coastal migration corridors. Little is known about how movement and threat interact specifically for male sea turtles. To better understand male sea turtle movement and the threats they encounter, we satellite-tagged 40 adult male sea turtles of four different species. We calculated movement patterns using state-space modeling (SSM), and quantified threats in seven unique categories;shipping, fishing, light pollution, oil rigs, proximity to coast, marine protected area (MPA) status, and location within or outside of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). We found significantly higher threat severity in northern and southern latitudes for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and Kemp’s ridleys (Lepidochelys kempii) in our study area. Those threats were pervasive, with only 35.9% of SSM points encountering no high threat exposure, of which 47% belong to just two individuals. Kemp’s ridleys were most exposed to high threats among tested species. Lastly, turtles within MPA boundaries face significantly lower threat exposure, indicating MPAs could be a useful conservation tool.
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This study presents the first description of the breeding biology of the IUCN Endangered North Philippine Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus philippensis). We describe a single pair's breeding phenology, nest characteristics, diet, chick development, and behavior through on-the-ground and remote observations from 1 February to 14 May 2020. Due to limited mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic, we improvised a video recording setup for remote monitoring and used machine learning to extract data from images. The nest was a low cup/fork type stick nest placed on a Malabulak tree (Bombax ceiba) in a heavily disturbed secondary forest. When it was first found, the incubation stage was underway and lasted for 1 month as the nestling emerged on 1 March 2020. Both adults provided parental care throughout the breeding period, with the male primarily providing food and the female attending to the nest, egg, and chick. They preyed on a wide range of vertebrates such as lizards, ground birds, bats, rodents, and domestic animals. With a single egg per clutch and a relatively long breeding cycle, the species has a slow reproductive output that may contribute to its current threatened status.