The relation of auditory temporal processing to language development and other cognitive processes: methodological and conceptual considerations

Separate lines of research have demonstrated relations between auditory temporal processing and language ability and between information processing speed and intelligence. Because these processes have rarely been studied in the same sample, it is unclear how auditory temporal processing and information processing speed may operate together and how they may relate to cognitive functions including language. The overarching aim of this dissertation was to integrate these lines of research to better understand whether auditory temporal processing has a unique relation with language, or whether it relates more broadly to language and other cognitive functions as a part of global information processing speed. Study 1 examined auditory temporal processing, information processing speed, language ability, and intelligence in 4-6 year olds (N=47). Results revealed that auditory temporal processing and information processing speed correlated with age and with each other, but previously identified correlations with language and intelligence were not supported. Results raised questions about the auditory temporal processing measure used, thus Study 2 involved a mixed methodological scoping review to disentangle behavioural measures and constructs of auditory temporal processing in the extant literature. The review identified five categories of tasks that reportedly measure six auditory temporal processing constructs. Study 3 was planned as a pilot of three, child-friendly auditory temporal processing tasks that were designed and programmed based on Study 3 results, using a sample of adults and investigating the same relations as Study 1. Data collection was interrupted by Covid-19, thus Study 3 was written as a pre-registration and Study 4 involved a feasibility assessment for measuring auditory temporal processing online. Results revealed that measuring auditory temporal processing online shows promise, but must first be tested to ensure accuracy, precision, and quality of stimuli in the specific context of the tasks being used due to the potential impact on millisecond level timing. Although the direction of this dissertation took a step back to disentangle questions outside of the original overall aim, the collective results return the field to a place where the original questions may be investigated with better clarity about important considerations that need to be made moving forward. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Antecedents of obesity among Indian youth: from consumer psychological and lifestyle perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine the antecedents of obesity among the younger generation of Indians (Generation Y) from a psychological and lifestyle consumer perspective. The study also investigates the moderating role of demography on the body mass index (BMI) of Indian youths.Design/methodology/approachThe study initially develops a conceptual model, stemming from an extensive theoretical research, and subsequently validates this using structural equation modeling (SEM) technique with a sample size of 1,242 Indian youths.FindingsThe study concludes that consumers' food habits (FH) and physical activity (PA) positively impact consumers' physical health (PH), which influences their BMI levels (BLs). Anxiety (AX), depression (DE), stress (ST), peer pressure (PP) and work pressure (WP) impact individuals' mental health (MH), which also influences their BLs. Finally, there is a significant moderating impact of demographic factors, such as age (AG), gender (GE) and income levels (ILs) on the relationship between individuals' physical and MH and individuals' BLs.Research limitations/implicationsThis study proposes a new model which highlights the issue of youth consumer obesity from the psychological and lifestyle perspectives. The model is effective as it has a high explanative power of 73%. The study investigates consumer obesity from emerging market like India perspective, but the study does not examine consumer food consumption behavior and obesity from developed market perspective.Practical implicationsYouth obesity could be considered a global pandemic, and obesity rates among the Indian youth are also increasing. This study provides valuable inputs and understanding of consumer markets to policy makers, consumer protection institutions, organizations related to the food and beverage industry, healthcare workers and consumers themselves regarding the antecedents of youth obesity (BL) in developing and emerging markets.Originality/valueThe study adds value to the body of literature related to consumer obesity, FH, consumer psychology and lifestyle through findings that are new in terms of findings' specificity, contextual focus and explication. Moreover, the study extends the cognitive theory of DE and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The research effectively offers significant theoretical and practicable market knowledge to both scholars and marketing practitioners, as well as policy makers and institutions dealing with youth obesity, particularly in emerging markets.

Bridging the gap: Building more collaborative psychoeducational assessment practices

The identification process of learning challenges in children is diverse and multifaceted, but typically involves standardized assessment with a psychologist. And while cognitive ability assessment is an integral and informative part of the process, one major concern is that the integration of teacher and parent observations into Canadian psychoeducational evaluation process has, thus far, not been a key source of information guiding diagnosis and intervention. Another concern is that formalized assessments often have long wait times, which delays support to the child. Therefore, evidence-based measures are needed to integrate teacher and parent observations and streamline the assessment process. The purpose of this research program was to identify specific, observable behaviours that conceptually aligned with primary five-factors of the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children (WISC-V), the standardized measure used for assessment, to develop home and classroom behavioural screening measures that can be used collectively. Development of the measures involved both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Focus groups, panel reviews, and item rating surveys with expert groups (e.g., school psychologists, teachers, parents) allowed items to be generated, appraised, and modified to develop the pilot measures. The final study collected WISC-V and screener data to assess conceptual alignment between measures, as well as included a qualitative examination of parent experiences supporting complex learners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on feedback data, the pilot Home and Classroom Cognitive Ability Screeners were developed;both include five composites reflecting the WISC-V factor structure. Preliminary evaluation demonstrates a relation between observed scores on the screeners and corresponding WISC-V scales, and qualitative data showed a significant number of unique challenges experienced by parents supporting children with learning differences. Given the daily demands of psychologists and teachers to support diverse and complex learning needs, it is imperative that research focuses on improving current practices and enabling increased collaboration. These new measures serve to inform psychologists about the child's cognitive functions as they are expressed day-to-day in the home and classroom. This helps to facilitate a more effective assessment process and creates the opportunity for a common language for diagnosis, support, and progress monitoring to promote the child's academic success and well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

The Effect of Teachers' Cognitive Flexibility on Attitudes towards Compulsory Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The period when education services were tried to be provided remotely due to the COVID-19 epidemic enabled teachers to be intertwined with technology-supported teaching platforms. The acquisition of the technology required to use the platform, adaptation of the existing teaching strategies, methods, and techniques to the platform, and the need to stay in touch with all stakeholders related to education in this process have led to new experiences for teachers and many challenging situations. During this process, it was predicted that teachers frequently use their cognitive flexibility, which enables them to think about different solutions and make functional changes for different or problematic situations. The research is a survey study. Data were collected from teachers with the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory and the Attitude Scale towards Compulsory Distance Education. Their validity and reliability were retested within this research's scope. The results of this study, in which the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, show that the cognitive flexibility of the teachers participating in the research was high during the epidemic period. They had attitudes that could not be evaluated positively or negatively regarding compulsory distance education. Although there is a relationship between teachers' cognitive flexibility levels and their attitudes towards compulsory distance education, it is low. The cognitive flexibility of teachers can predict a very small part of their attitudes towards compulsory distance education. The findings obtained from the research are discussed with other research results.

Predictors of Sleepiness, Satisfaction with Studies, and Emotional Exhaustion in Students with High Intellectual Abilities during the Pandemic COVID-19

Introduction: The sudden changes in school educational modality due to the COVID-19 pandemic and social isolation have affected the lifestyle, mental and emotional health, and perception of their academic training in students with high intellectual abilities. The aim of this study was to analyze the predictor variables of sleepiness, satisfaction with studies, and emotional exhaustion in students with high intellectual abilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This study involved 409 third to fifth grade high school students with high intellectual abilities and who receive a free special education associated with talent and high achievement (COAR). Ages ranged from 14 to 17 years (M = 15.26, SD = 0.89). The Brief Study Satisfaction Scale (EBSE), Emotional Fatigue Scale (ECE), Eating Habits and Physical Activity Scale (EHAAF), Pittsburgh Index, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2) and Epworth Short Sleepiness Scale (ESE) were used. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and the normality of the variables was assessed. In addition, a predictive model was analyzed based on goodness-of-fit indices using structural equation modeling. The analyses were performed using SPSS 24.0 and Amos 24.0 statistical software. Results: The descriptive analysis yielded adequate skewness and kurtosis coefficients. The analyses showed that all variables were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). Likewise, the predictive model of sleepiness, satisfaction with studies and emotional exhaustion presents adequate goodness-of-fit indices (X[superscript 2] = 7.427, gl = 6, p = 0.283, X [superscript 2] /gl = 1.238, TLI = 0.994, CFI = 0.998, RMSEA = 0.024 and SRMR = 0.186). Conclusion: This study presents a predictive model of sleepiness, study satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion in students with high intellectual abilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is concluded that physical activity, eating habits and sleep quality are predictors of sleepiness and, in turn, generalized anxiety, physical activity and sleep quality predict emotional fatigue, which is also a predictor of satisfaction with studies.

Parents' Perceptions of Distance Learning during COVID-19 in Rural Indonesia

This study was developed to investigate parents' perceptions and attitudes towards distance learning in response to many schools' closures due to the COVID-19. This research employed a qualitative approach. The research subjects consisted of parents of elementary school students in the City of Gunungsitoli, Indonesia determined by purposive sampling technique, totaling twenty-four people. The data were collected using semi-structured interview techniques and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. This study shows that distance learning or learning from home in a research context takes the form of online and offline learning. The learning approach implemented during the COVID-19 emergency must be lived and supported without other options for parents. Although parents do not have negative perceptions, distance learning has increased the economic, psychological, and social burden on parents or families. The lack of parental involvement and support in children's learning process at home is generally due to the lack of time and parents' inability to become teachers for their children. Actions to accompany and support children's learning process at home are carried out to provide internet packages, help children master the material, and participate in completing assignments or tests given by the teacher. The surprising finding from this study is the decline in children's learning motivation and cognitive abilities. Parents hope that distance learning is not extended.

Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) in nursing home residents: A case–control study

Background: Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) include fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Few studies have explored the prevalence or presentation of PASC among nursing home (NH) residents. Method: A case–control study was conducted at 1 NH in Michigan in December 2021. Cases were defined as residents with SARS-CoV-2 infection between November 2, 2020, and October 8, 2021. Controls lived at the same NH during this interval and never tested positive for SARS CoV-2. Patient characteristics were compared between cases and controls using the Fisher exact test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Primary outcomes were functional decline, cognition, and adverse health outcomes. Outcomes were assessed by comparing measures on last observation to observations before COVID-19 diagnosis (cases) or to earliest observation (controls). Multivariable logistic regression assessed correlation between COVID-19 diagnosis and outcomes. Results: In total, 152 residents were identified for inclusion (147 included in final analyses, 76 cases, 71 controls);5 were excluded due to insufficient data. We collected the following resident characteristics: 66% were aged ≥80 years;73% were female;95% were non-Hispanic white;82% were long-stay residents;median of 3 comorbidities (IQR, 2–4). The mean number of follow-up observations was 2.60 (SD, 1.25). No significant differences in population characteristics were detected between cases and controls. Moreover, 106 patients (46 cases and 60 controls) had at least 1 follow-up visit and were thus included in the analyses to evaluate long-term outcomes. Among them, cases experienced significant declines in completing transfers (OR 5.65, p Conclusions: Nursing home residents with COVID-19 are more likely to enter hospice and have a higher mortality rate in the year following infection. Survivors experience significant functional decline in basic activities of daily living, specifically in the ability to transfer and dress. Larger studies are needed to further characterize our findings and to design interventions that can help overcome these long-term sequelae from COVID-19.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Academic Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Triarchic Analysis of Education Policy Developments across Canada

This study employed a qualitative content analysis of provincial policy documents, following deductive methods, to examine academic resilience and education policy developments across Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, the study explicates the nature and scope of provincial policy responses to the global pandemic that address academic issues, physical health and well-being, and mental health issues for K-12 students. The pan-Canadian analysis revealed a total of 62 documents were issued between January 2020 and December 2021 that addressed one or more of the triarchic dimensions of academic resilience. The findings suggested greater attention was devoted to academic issues and there was a general lack of policy differentiation in terms of how specific resources and supports were to be directed within provincial educational jurisdictions.Alternate :Cette étude a employé une analyse qualitative de contenu des documents de politiques provinciales, en suivant des méthodes déductives, pour examiner la ténacité scolaire et le développement des politiques d'éducation à travers le Canada pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Plus précisément, l'étude détaille la nature et la portée des réponses politiques provinciales à la pandémie mondiale qui traitent des questions relatives à l'éducation, à la santé physique, au bien-être, et à la santé mentale des étudiants de la maternelle à la 12e année. L'analyse pancanadienne révèle qu'un total de 62 documents ont été publiés entre janvier 2020 et décembre 2021 qui abordaient une ou plusieurs dimensions triarchiques de la ténacité scolaire. Les conclusions mènent à penser qu'une plus grande attention est accordée aux problématiques scolaires et qu'il y a un manque général de différenciation dans les politiques quant à la façon dont les ressources et les soutiens seraient utilisés au sein des instances éducatives provinciales.

SI Correction

Reports an error in "COVID-19 and mental health of individuals with different personalities" by Eugenio Proto and Anwen Zhang (PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021[Sep][14], Vol 118[37][e2109282118]). In the original article, the authors note that the numbers of observations were reported incorrectly for Table 1 in the main text and Tables S11, S17, S20, and S21 in the SI Appendix. The online version and the SI Appendix have been corrected. (The following of the original article appeared in record 2021-87295-001). Several studies have been devoted to establishing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health across gender, age, and ethnicity. However, much less attention has been paid to the differential effect of COVID-19 according to different personalities. We do this using the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), a large-scale panel survey representative of the UK population. The UKHLS allows us to assess the mental health of the same respondent before and during the COVID-19 period based on their "Big Five" personality traits and cognitive skills. We find that during the COVID-19 period, individuals who have more extravert and open personality traits report a higher mental health deterioration, while those scoring higher in agreeableness are less affected. The effect of openness is particularly strong: One more SD predicts up to 0.23 more symptoms of mental health deterioration in the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) test during the COVID-19 period. In particular, for females, cognitive skills and openness are strong predictors of mental health deterioration, while for non-British White respondents, these predictors are extraversion and openness. Neuroticism strongly predicts worse mental health cross-sectionally, but it does not lead to significantly stronger deterioration during the pandemic. The study's results are robust to the inclusion of potential confounding variables such as changes in physical health, household income, and job status (like unemployed or furloughed). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Aortic calcification . . . and other stories

Among 900 older women, median age 80, those who ate a diet rich in foods containing flavonoids, such as tea, fruit, red wine, and dark chocolate, were less likely to have abdominal aortic calcification detected in x rays of the lateral lumbar spine (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.122.318408). In the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a prospective study of community dwelling people in Chicago, those with the highest intake of flavonoids experienced a slower decline in cognitive performance, even after adjustment for age, sex, and smoking. Missing persons Despite the best efforts of investigators, people drop out of studies. Because those who leave differ from those who stay, this can introduce bias.

It Is Time for an Oil Change: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Human Health

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaneoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA), play a critical role in a variety of neuronal functions, including facilitating neuronal growth and differentiation, increasing the density of the neuritic network, modulating cell membrane fluidity, regulating intracellular signaling and gene expression, and exhibiting antioxidant characteristics. Dietary DHA is selectively enriched and actively retained in the central nervous system, mainly in synaptic membranes, dendrites, and photoreceptors. In this review, we highlight the myriad roles of PUFAs in brain function and human health. Diets rich in DHA are inversely proportional to cognitive decline and incidence of neurodegenerativa disorders. Conversely, diets deficient in DHA impair the proper development of brain and the visual system in children and increase risk of brain disorders in the elderly. Finally, DHA and EPA have been shown to reduce inflammation and may prove to be beneficial in reducing the severity of the SARS-COVID infection.

Play Behavior by a Juvenile Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) with an Inanimate Object (Driftwood) in the Gulf of Tribugá, Colombia

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are a cosmopolitan species that often visit inshore waters close to the coast, making it easier to see and study them. Consequently, this baleen whale has been researched the most, particularly in Colombia. In Aug 2020, ongoing cetacean monitoring was performed by a group of trained fishermen from the Gulf of Tribuga as part of a community science program implemented by the R&E Ocean Community Conservation Foundation as a contingency plan for monitoring marine mammals in the area during COVID-19 lockdown. As a result of these observations of play behavior, the scope of knowledge regarding the social dynamics, developmental processes, flexibility, and cognitive abilities of cetaceans has been expanded.

Duration of screen time and its effect on reaction time in 1st year MBBS students in a medical college of Southern Odisha

Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 1st year MBBS students in the age group of 18-23 years.

Optimizing Customer Repurchase Intention through Cognitive and Affective Experience: An Insight of Food Delivery Applications

Mobile food order applications have become a phenomenal disruption in the food delivery industry. Customers demand better and more consistent experiences when making most purchases, including in food choices. Food delivery platforms have also been seen as the most convenient feature for customers during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Although food delivery applications have been widely used, there is only a scarce literature that focuses on the factors that optimize user experience and repurchase intention. The current study attempted to explore customer repurchase intention, driven through cognitive and affective experience, towards food delivery applications. In the current study, we conceptualized and empirically confirmed an integrated model of antecedents for cognitive and affective experience and its influence on application satisfaction and repurchase intention. The model also incorporated situational factors (distance to restaurant and availability of time to visit restaurant) as a moderating variable. To test the proposed model, data were collected from 350 regular users of different food delivery applications. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using partial least square-structural equation modeling where the findings substantially supported the significance of cognitive and affective experience on application satisfaction and repurchase intention towards food delivery applications. In addition, the results of multigroup analysis (MGA) also confirmed the positive impact of situational factors as a moderator between application satisfactions and repurchase intention. The findings of the study provide important insights into how food delivery applications can accelerate cognitive and affective experience and use application satisfaction to encourage repeat buying intention. The results also offer guidance in designing and implementing effective approaches and strategies for food delivery retailers.

Face masks: a guide for nurses to reassure patients

Face coverings are going to be with us for quite some time and will present an additional communication hurdle now compulsory to wear face coverings in hospitals, on public transport and in places where social distancing is not always possible. This means we will all need to find new ways to communicate with each other.

Temperament, Character and Cognitive Emotional Regulation in the Latent Profile Classification of Smartphone Addiction in University Students

The frequency of smartphone use has been increasing since COVID-19, and the problem of smartphone addiction is expected to intensify in modern society where smartphones have diverse uses. According to a recent study, cognitive emotional regulation strategies have proven to be effective in deepening or alleviating smartphone addiction. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of smartphone addiction according to various psychosocial approaches, including the cognitive emotional regulation strategy. The purpose of this study is to classify the potential profiles of smartphone addiction and to verify the trends and differences of the classified groups. A total of 333 college students with an age range of 22–25 were targeted. All subjects were asked to take the Smartphone Addition Scale Based on Behavioral Addiction Criteria (SAS-B), Temperature and Character Inventory (TCI), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). In order to conduct a person-centered approach, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used, and it was analyzed using Mplus 7. As a result, there were significant differences in the classification of potential groups for smart addiction. It was found that there is a high correlation between temperament and character in smartphone addiction and cognitive emotional regulation strategies. This study is expected to be useful as basic data for treatment and preventive approaches according to smartphone addiction in the future.

The effects of type III traumatic stressors of the protracted conflict and prolonged COVID-19 on Syrians internally displaced: A validation study of type III continuous traumatic stressors and their impact

This study aimed to validate the Type III continuous traumatic stress model assumptions and use it to assess the effect of intersected traumas of civil war and COVID-19 stressors on internally displaced Syrian people. We recruited 891 Syrians from camps (46.5% females, aged 18-90 years [M = 30.81, SD = 12.04]). We measured COVID-19 stressors, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complex PTSD (CPTSD), depression, anxiety, and executive functions to assess the variables related to peri-post Type III mental health syndrome. We measured Type I, II, and III traumas and Type III trauma subtypes. To explore the significance of differences between correlation sizes and the comparative severity of each trauma type, we calculated Fisher z scores. We performed path analysis with trauma Types III and II as correlated independent variables and COVID-19 stressors' impact on peri-post Type III trauma mental health syndrome to check their proliferation and impact. Of the sample, COVID-19 had infected 45.9%, 33.1% fit the diagnostic criteria for CPTSD, and 13.9% fit the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. All trauma types were associated with mental health, cognitive deficits, and COVID-19 severity, with a significantly higher association with trauma Type III. Type III-a subtype (intersected discrimination) had the highest associations with each variable. Type III was bidirectionally correlated with Type II and proliferated to Type I traumas (single past events) and COVID-19 stressors, with Type III having a larger effect size on peri-post Type III trauma mental health syndrome. The clinical and conceptual implications of the findings are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement This study helps understand the intersection between intergroup conflicts and intersected discrimination with COVID-19 pandemic stressors that amplifies its impact on mental health and cognitive functioning in Syrian internally displaced people. This study addresses the United Nations sustainable development goals of empowering and promoting the social, economic, and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic, or other status by unpacking some of the powerful mechanisms behind intergroup conflicts and intersected discrimination interfaced with COVID-19. This study validates the continuous stress Type III trauma framework and proposes corrective and treatment strategies that address inequalities and discrimination and their impact. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Revisiting cognition and information technologies through a COVID-19 lens

This chapter explores the cognitive load students experience when technologies are added to their learning environments. Specifically, this chapter looks at one university's response to the COVID-19 global pandemic and the institution's need to pivot to online learning. Using a program review approach rather than a formal research study, findings suggest the university's decision to focus on understanding and improving the conditions for student learning rather than merely attempting to improve online teaching practices was well received. The program that was reviewed took an interesting approach to addressing the challenges of pivoting to online learning in March 2020, the beginning of the pandemic, by developing a Transition Support Framework. Central to the framework was the development of Learning Design Intern (LDI) program for graduate students. The LDI program is explained and reviewed in this chapter. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Telehealth delivery of a compensatory cognitive training program for older adults with mild cognitive difficulties

Rates of cognitive impairment among older adults are expected to increase substantially in the coming decades. Older adults may experience mild cognitive difficulties, characterized as a decline in cognition that does not significantly interfere with an individual's ability to complete activities of daily living. However, these individuals may need additional time, strategies, or help from a care partner (CP) to complete more complex functional activities. Cognitive training (CT) interventions have been shown to be beneficial for improving or stabilizing objective cognitive functioning, with less known about how CT may impact daily functioning or the lives of CPs. Additionally, CT is typically delivered in-person, which was not feasible during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study used a pre-post design to investigate the feasibility of a telehealth compensatory CT program for older adults with mild cognitive difficulties. It also examined the effects of program participation on participants' daily, emotional, and subjective cognitive functioning, as well as the effects CPs experienced through participation in the program. Feasibility was measured through tracking enrollment and completion rates, participant and clinician ratings of sessions' technological interference, and qualitative feedback from patients about the telehealth delivery. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate sets of pre- and post-measures completed by both participants and CPs. Results showed that older adults found the telehealth delivery to be feasible. After statistical correction, no significant differences were found between participant pre- and post-measures, though small to medium effect sizes were observed and participants qualitatively reported benefits from the CT. CPs experienced a significant increase on measures assessing the rewarding aspects of providing care, and they provided qualitative feedback on the benefits of the program without significant added burden. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The immediate effect of audiovisual entrainment on the P3 of the event-related potential

Non-invasive brain stimulation technologies are growing in popularity. This controlled small N study investigated the impact of a single exposure of Audio-Visual Entrainment (AVE) on Event-Related Potentials (ERPs). Literature review revealed that the effect of exposure to AVE on ERP had not been previously explored. We proposed that the effects of AVE exposure on sensory processing and cognitive performance, as measured by P3 amplitude and latency at Fz and Pz, would suggest changes in network recruitment. Thirty-five subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group. The treatment group received one session of Mind Alive's "Brain Brightening" AVE protocol sandwiched between NeuroField's Go/NoGo continuous performance test (CPT). The 32-minute AVE program varied stimulation from 10-18 Hz. Eighteen healthy adults served as controls. Controls watched a peaceful nature video sandwiched between Go/NoGo CPTs. Traditional averaging extraction techniques were used to provide data for pre- and post-statistical analysis. Due to constraints imposed by COVID-19 restrictions, this study was under powered. However, the differences between groups in amplitude for Go trials at Fz nearly reached significance (t(33) = -1.648, CI[-1.248, 0.131], p(1-tail) = 0.054). The differences between groups in amplitude for NoGo trials at Pz did reach significance (t(33) = -2.464, CI[-1.426, -0.136], p(1-tail) = 0.009). None of the within subjects t-test comparisons of latency reached significance.The results of this study imply that the brain is immediately responsive to AVE stimulation, and that it may be possible for clinicians to utilize single session AVE in order to facilitate cognitive improvement either as a stand-alone therapy or in concert with other interventions. It is hoped that this study will lead other researchers to further investigate the effect of exposure to AVE on cognitive performance as measured by the ERP. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)