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Introduction: Within the technological development path, chatbots are considered an important tool for economic and social entities to become more efficient and to develop customer-centric experiences that mimic human behavior. Although artificial intelligence is increasingly used, there is a lack of empirical studies that aim to understand consumers' experience with chatbots. Moreover, in a context characterized by constant population aging and an increased life-expectancy, the way aging adults perceive technology becomes of great interest. However, based on the digital divide (unequal access to technology, knowledge, and resources), and since young adults (aged between 18 and 34 years old) are considered to have greater affinity for technology, most of the research is dedicated to their perception. The present paper investigates the way chatbots are perceived by middle-aged and aging adults in Romania. Methods: An online opinion survey has been conducted. The age-range of the subjects is 40-78 years old, a convenience sampling technique being used (N = 235). The timeframe of the study is May-June 2021. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic is the core context of the research. A covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) has been used to test the theoretical assumptions as it is a procedure used for complex conceptual models and theory testing. Results: The results show that while perceived ease of use is explained by the effort, the competence, and the perceive external control in interacting with chatbots, perceived usefulness is supported by the perceived ease of use and subjective norms. Furthermore, individuals are likely to further use chatbots (behavioral intention) if they consider this interaction useful and if the others' opinion is in favor of using it. Gender and age seem to have no effect on behavioral intention. As studies on chatbots and aging adults are few and are mainly investigating reactions in the healthcare domain, this research is one of the first attempts to better understand the way chatbots in a not domain-specific context are perceived later in life. Likewise, judging from a business perspective, the results can help economic and social organizations to improve and adapt AI-based interaction for the aging customers.
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The Covid-19 epidemic has wreaked havoc on the global economy indeed, Malaysia was unavoidable from this. Nevertheless, this has created a new transformation and renovation for the FinTech industry to develop tremendously. The users of digital wallets are anticipated to grow and hastened the shift from physical payment to digital payment. Touch' n Go e-wallet is one of the FinTech innovation platforms that growing quickest rate ever in Malaysia's emerging market, owing to the upward demand for contactless payments throughout Southeast Asia due to the epidemic. The adoption of digital wallets only grew extensively during the Covid-19 pandemic periods in Malaysia. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to determine the predictors that influence the intention to use Touch' n Go e-wallet among Millennial in Malaysia, particularly during the Covid-19 endemic. This study has proposed to extend the TAM model (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use) with perceived risk and satisfaction predictors. A sample of a total of 150 millennial in Malaysia who use Touch' n Go e-wallet to participate in the survey. Millennial account for approximately one-third of Malaysia's population and roughly 50 percent of the labour force in Malaysia. The hypotheses were further carried out by employing the ordinary least squares regression analysis. The findings revealed that among Malaysia's millennials, perceived ease of use and consumers satisfaction have a substantial impact on their desire to use Touch' n Go e-wallets app. In order to increase the usage rates of digital payments transaction, the digital wallet service providers in Malaysia must focus on the usability and potential risks that might occur during the transactions are held. More so, a good customer experience will lead to a satisfactory level in using the e-wallet of Touch' n Go. This empirical study provides a model for government to stimulate and foster digital payment in the coming years. © 2022 IEEE.
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This study aims to analyze the antecedents of e-learning adoption during the pandemic at Adamson University. This quantitative research uses Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) to analyze the data obtained. The data was collected from Adamson University's higher education students with an online questionnaire survey distributed from May until July 2022. In total, there are 207 respondents collected and valid to do measurement and further analysis. The study comprehensively demonstrates consistent results with the previous research. The results show that all hypotheses are accepted and supported by previous research. System Quality and Prior e-learning experience have a positive and significant direct effect on Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use. Then. Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use have a positive and significant effect on Attitude toward e-learning. Attitude towards e-learning has a positive direct effect on behavioral intention to use e-learning. Implications, limitations, and further research suggestions were well discussed. © 2022 IEEE.
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Purpose: The main aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of social support, technical support, perceived ease of use and attitude to adopt technology by teachers in Indonesia. This study also aimed to examine the mediating role of attitude. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: This framework used technology acceptance model as the underpinning theory. This study was quantitative and cross sectional. The questionnaire of the study was distributed among 384 teachers of Indonesia. The usable response rate was 69.23%. The received questionnaire was assessed through smart PLS 3.3.9 for the validation of proposed model. Findings: The findings of the study showed that there is a direct effect of perceived ease of use, social influence and technical support on attitude to use technology. The attitude of teachers also showed a direct influence on technology adoption. In the end, results also confirm the mediating role of attitude between social influence, technical support, perceived ease of use and technological adoption. Implications for Research and Practice: This research provides insight to the policy makers of the education sector of Indonesia and of global level to use technology more often so the user can get familiar to the technology and this technology can be used in difficult times like in Pandemic. Moreover, this research is among very few studies that have attempted to examine the attitude of teachers to adopt technology. Moreover, this is study also bridges the gap of using attitude as mediator in education context of Indonesia. © 2022 Ani Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The research discusses about factors affecting Malaysian consumers' intention towards E-shopping during Covid-19 pandemic. The factors involved in this study are perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, subjective norms, product involvement, and perceived risk. In our current generation, online buyers are getting more pervasive due to the advancement in technology which will save the time of the online buyers. As the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak, there is a sharp increase of Malaysian consumers purchasing product and services from online platform. The research was conducted via a cross sectional study within a period of 6 months. Data was collected via online questionnaire from a total of 150 respondents and analysed using SPSS. The findings from this research indicates that perceived ease of use and subjective norm have a significant relationship with Malaysian consumers' intention towards E-shopping during Covid-19 pandemic. However, perceived usefulness, product intention and perceived risk did not have a significant relationship with Malaysian consumers' intention towards E-shopping during Covid-19 pandemic. © 2022 IEEE.
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PurposeThe paper aims to examine the moderating role of both the perceived value and perceived trust in the relationship between the ease of use, perceived risk, perceived usefulness and quality of website and the Palestinian millennials' behavioral intention toward online shopping. Design/methodology/approachA survey questionnaire was carried out targeting 357 Palestinian millennials. In total, 311 valid responses were processed and analyzed using PLS-SEM model fitting approach. FindingsThe findings demonstrate that the impact of ease of use, perceived usefulness and website quality on online shopping behavioral intention are reinforced by perceived value and perceived trust, while the effect of perceived risk is weakened. This implies that improving convenience and lowering non-monetary costs such as time and effort will enhance the customers' perceived value and, as a result, their shopping behavioral intention. In addition, one of the most significant barriers to online shopping is a lack of trust. Therefore, once trust is established, shopping willingness rises, and vice versa. Research limitations/implicationsAs this study focused on consumers from a developing country, it neglected the cross-cultural issue;thus, future studies may have to make a comparison of other samples from various nations to gain a deeper understanding. Furthermore, this research focused on the ease of use, perceived risk, perceived usefulness and perceived quality of the website to predict the customer's behavioral intention toward online shopping, which shows significant results, indicating that more research is needed to look at these independent variables as predictors of customers purchasing decision. Practical implicationsOnline shopping is a critical topic that has significant impact on the business world. Investigating the moderating role of perceived trust and perceived value on Palestinian millennials' online shopping behavioral intention during COVID-19 might give useful information for organizations developing policies and strategies to create direct sales using social media platforms. Furthermore, the findings might also be valuable for management studies and academics to better understand consumers' intentions when it comes to commercial internet buying. Originality/valueThe empirical nature of this paper gives a thorough explanation of the phenomena of online shopping from a developing country. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical study that examines the moderating effect of perceived trust and perceived value on Palestinian millennials' online shopping behavioral intention during COVID-19.
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Face recognition is one of the most widely used biometric identification systems due to its practicality and ease of use. The COVID-19 outbreak has recently expanded rapidly over the world, posing a major threat to people's health and economic well-being. Using masks in public places is an efficient approach to prevent the spread of infections. However, due to the absence of facial features detail, a masked face recognition system is a difficult task. We offer a technique to identify the masked faces in this project.Masked face recognition is a subset of occluded face recognition that requires prior knowledge of the obscured portion of the targeted face. Occluded face recognition is a current research topic that has captured the interest of the computer vision community. Occluded face recognition systems have previously been focused on detecting and recognizing an individual's face in the wild when the occluded part of the face is in a random form and position. Meanwhile, the nose, mouth, and cheeks of a masked face are frequently hidden. The eyes, brows, and forehead may be the only remaining clear areas. As a result, a masked face recognition system could effectively concentrate on analyzing traits that can be derived from the subject's uncovered portions, such as the eyes, brows, and forehead. © 2022 IEEE.
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With the impact of COVID-19, many university students may not be able to learn English in the physical classroom in a traditional way. Students' English learning effectiveness and outcome were threatened when English learning was forced to turn online. Thus, a variety of technological media and platforms to improve their learning outcomes are in need. Mobile learning (M-learning) that involves interacting with other devices through mobile devices and wireless networks can also be a solution to improve students' online English learning effectiveness. In order to explore the learning behaviors and attitudes of university students when learning English with M-learning, this study integrated technology acceptance model and Stimulus Organism Response model including the concepts of perceived convenience, curiosity and self-efficacy in addition to the original technology acceptance model to verify university students' usage cognition and attitude toward English M-learning. This study disseminated surveys to 10 targeted universities/colleges and collected 1432 valid surveys. This study implemented Smart-PLS 4.0 to examine structural model and verify the hypotheses. Results indicated that perceived convenience have positive impact on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and attitude toward using; there is a significant and positive relationship among perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude toward using and intention to using; curiosity and self-efficacy have positive impact on intention to using. Based on the findings, this study further provides abundant theoretical insights and practical significance on language learning.
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It is an undoubted fact that Internet, and by extension, e-commerce on the Internet is here to stay. Merchants of all types, big and small, are aiming to find their niche in the e-commerce marketplace, and increase their revenue. Consumer preferences on online shopping and use of new technologies are continually shifting as well. Expansion of e-commerce offerings has significantly increased the number of users and trading volumes of online shopping, therefore highlighting the need to research online consumer purchasing behavior. In the meantime, COVID-19, which forced public lockdowns over the last 2 years, led the consumers to engage in alternative purchasing channels. One of those new channels that was successful due to the increased use of smartphone mobile apps technology is called "conversation commerce”, a.k.a., "chat commerce” or "c-commerce”. In this research, with the use of a web-based survey involving 227 respondents, we investigated into the factors influencing the satisfaction of chat commerce usage experience in Thailand, and focused on their views based on generational age differences among them. This research's objectives were to answer the following 2 research questions: [1] What factors influence the satisfaction of chat commerce usage experience in Thailand?;[2]Do factors influencing the satisfaction of chat commerce usage experience vary among generational age differences? The 10 factors studied in this research, which may lead to the success of chat commerce in Thailand, were: [1] Service Rep's Reliability;[2] Service Rep's Assurance;[3] Service Rep's Responsiveness;[4] Service Rep's Empathy;[5] Perceived Information Quality;[6] Perceived Appropriate Wait Time;[7] Trust in the Platform;[8] Perceived Ease of Use;[9] Perceived Usefulness;[10] Satisfaction with the Experience. The 4 generations in this study were: [1] Baby Boomer;[2] Gen X;[3] Gen Y;[4] Gen Z. The results of this study indicate that all 10 proposed factors ultimately have positive influence on Satisfaction with chat commerce usage experience, and may lead to the success of chat commerce in Thailand, while the 2 most important factors being Assurance [ASS] and Perceived Usefulness [PUS]. This was true for ASS for 3 of the generations (Baby Boomer, Gen X, Gen Z), as well as for the entire dataset;and for PUS for 2 of the generations (Gen Y, Gen Z), as well as the entire dataset. © 2022 International Consortium for Electronic Business. All rights reserved.
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PurposeThe purpose of this article is to examine the impact of digital technology (specifically mobile applications) use on employees' perceptions of motivation at work (MW) and job performance (JP).Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from 4,089 employees working in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) registered to Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization (SMEDO) in Turkey. The relationships were assessed through structural equation modeling with bootstrap estimation.FindingsThe results support the proposed framework illustrating the positive effect of perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) of mobile applications on employees' perceived JP. Findings indicate that MW has exhibited a mediating effect between both PU and JP and PEOU and JP.Originality/valueThis article discusses the accelerating role of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on SMEs' technology acceptance and the acceptance's positive impact on employees' motivation and performance. This article adds to the literature on SMEs by enabling researchers and practitioners to understand the issues in digital technologies acceptance by SME employees and contributes towards enriching the knowledge on technology acceptance perceptions' role in SMEs coping strategies during the COVID-19.
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The study aims to apply the TAM model to investigate further about the opinions of students at Peking University on the e-learning platform provided by the university. The research validates the impact of the different variables on students' intention to continue using e-learning platforms during the Covid-19 epidemic, including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, and perceived convenience. The research adopts a quantitative research method and measures the variables using a 5-level Likert scale. The designed questionnaires are distributed online to the targeted respondents through multiple social applications. The research collects 383 valid data and conducts a comprehensive data analysis by using SPSS analysis software. The research indicates that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived convenience all have a significant and positive impact on student's intention to continue using e-learning platforms. However, this research also confirms that perceived enjoyment has no significant effect on student's intention to continue using e-learning platforms. Therefore, this research validates the hypotheses proposed and achieves the research goals. Furthermore, the research provides useful information and recommendations for the government, education field, IT field and future research. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Purpose>This study explores food delivery app users and technology acceptance model as a theoretical underpinning. This study thus investigated the determinants of usefulness, ease of use and intention to use for food delivery app service.Design/methodology/approach>The variables of delivery time, diverse menu, quarantine, review quality and ease of use are employed as determinants of usefulness. The antecedents of ease of use are easy registration and easy payment. This study also examined the association between ease of use, usefulness and intention to use. This study collected data using Amazon Mechanical Turk, and the number of valid observations for statistical analysis was 484. A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses.Findings>Regarding the results, usefulness was positively affected by delivery time, quarantine, review quality and ease of use. Additionally, ease of use was positively impacted by easy registration and easy payment. Finally, this study showed that ease of use positively affects both usefulness and intention to use, and usefulness is positively associated with intention to use.Originality/value>This study contributes to the literature by ensuring the explanatory power of technology acceptance model for food delivery app.
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Due to people's anxieties about COVID-19, it may take years before international tourism returns to pre-pandemic levels. Thus, it is crucial to understand how tourists' health beliefs influence their travel decision-making processes during and after the SARS-COV2 pandemic, and to develop new strategies to support and meet tourists' current needs and concerns. The current study employs a Health Belief Model (HBM) perspective to examine the influence on tourists' health risk prevention - and subsequently on their travel intention - of reading travel health information online, while considering tourists' perceptions of threat susceptibility and severity, and usefulness of travel health information. As risk perception is influenced by individual differences such as gender and previous experience, the study model includes the demographic factors of age, gender, and health status. The model was tested using a survey questionnaire completed by 261 respondents in Saudi Arabia who were considering travelling abroad for tourism. Results were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The study found that perceived susceptibility and perceived usefulness each significantly and positively influenced the perception of importance of reading health information, and the perception of importance of reading travel health information online significantly and positively influenced travel intention. The discussion includes additional findings as well as implications for industry practice and policy regarding online pandemic-related information, in order to improve protection efficacy and enhance information content and style to adequately serve the needs of tourists from a health belief perspective.
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Introduction: In 2020, COVID-19 forced higher education institutions in many countries to turn to online distance learning. The trend of using online education has accelerated across the world. However, this change in the teaching mode has led to the decline of students' online learning quality and resulted in students being unable to do deep learning. Therefore, the current research, aimed at promoting deep learning in the online environment, constructed a theoretical model with learning self-efficacy and positive academic emotions as mediators, deep learning as the dependent variable, perceived TPACK support, peer support, technical usefulness, and ease of use as independent variables. Methods: The theoretical model was verified by SPSS26.0 and smartPLS3.0, and to assess the measurement and structural models, the PLS approach to structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed. Results: The study found that (a) positive academic emotions play a mediating role between perceived TPACK support and deep learning, perceived peer support and deep learning, and perceived technology usefulness and ease of use and deep learning; (b) learning self-efficacy plays a mediating role between perceived TPACK support and deep learning, perceived peer support and deep learning, and perceived technology usefulness and ease of use and deep learning. Discussion: The findings of this study fill the gaps in the research on the theoretical models of deep learning in the online environment and provide a theoretical basis for online teaching, learning quality, and practical improvement strategies.
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M-commerce has the potential to change consumers' shopping habits and establish itself as a significant commerce channel. People rely on digital devices more than ever before, and the growth in M-commerce predicts that mobile will become the preferred channel for online shopping soon. This study is aimed at examining the effect of personal factors, economic factors, ease of doing factors, and safety-related factors due to Covid-19 on the adoption and use of M-commerce services among customers in Saudi Arabia. The study is empirical and is based on survey responses from 340, M-commerce customers in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire method was used to collect the data. ANOVA and bivariate regression analysis were used to evaluate the collected data. The results showed that four independent variables, namely, personal, economic, ease of doing, and safety factors during the Covid-19 pandemic, are significant predictors of the dependent variable, adoption and use of M-commerce services by the customers. These factors influence customers' purchasing decisions when they use M-commerce services. The study also concluded that the frequency of using M-commerce has increased during the Covid-19 pandemic because of health, safety, and social distancing guidelines. One of the main limitation of the study is the few selective constructs for the research. The finding of the study will be beneficial to the customers to understand the significance of M-commerce services, especially during pandemic situations.
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PurposeIn both developed and developing countries, the COVID-19 pandemic has created a new generation of first-time online shoppers. More significantly, academics and practitioners believe that the shift to online shopping will continue in the years to come. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of digital marketing tools as a moderator variable between the independent variables (i.e. consumption patterns, lifestyle, level of income, and payment methods) and dependent variable (i.e. the consumer's attitude towards online shopping) during the COVID-19 pandemic time in Arab countries.Design/methodology/approachA structured and self-administered online survey has targeted online shopping users in six different Arab countries based on a snowball and convenience sample. In total, 577 useable questionnaires were analyzed.FindingsThe findings show a significant positive relationship between the independent variables (i.e. consumption patterns, lifestyle, level of income, and payment methods) and the dependent variable (i.e. consumer attitude towards online shopping). Furthermore, the results reveal that the positive relationship between the independent and dependent variables is strengthened by the existence of the moderator variable, the digital marketing tools.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was based on cross-sectional data collection, rather than a longitudinal study and collected data from six Arab countries. It is suggested that future research should expand the survey in more similar countries to broaden the database for further generalizations and use a longitudinal approach to better assess changes in attitudes over time. In addition, this study focused on the issue from a consumer's viewpoint, so it is recommended that future research could be conducted, but from the viewpoint of marketing managers.Practical implicationsThis study represents a further deeper insight into consumer behaviour;it advocates giving more emphasis on organizations' awareness of their customers' consumption pattern, lifestyle, level of income, and payment method. The findings of this study can help managers and marketers to design a promotional mix to improve consumer's behaviour towards online shopping. The results suggest paying more attention to the high relevant effect of the consumption pattern, lifestyle, level of income, and payment method on the consumer attitude towards online shopping.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the few attempts that investigated consumer attitudes toward online shopping in the Arab world. Importantly, it identified the drivers of online shoppers' attitudes in the Arab world. This may be used to develop and implement e-marketing strategies. Furthermore, this paper examines the role of digital marketing as a moderator variable to provide empirical evidence to the body of knowledge of these drivers during the COVID-19 pandemic time in the Arab countries.
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The advancement of technology changes the mode of operation worldwide education industry, where educational services can be delivered either in face-to-face or online teaching. The outbreak of COVID-19 forced higher education institutions to shift from face-to-face teaching to fully online learning, even though online learning is yet to be fully implemented in many institutions. This trend has prompted us to study this interesting topic and gather information about undergraduate students’ satisfaction with online learning from home due to the limited study focus on Malaysia. The operation of the study is based on the user satisfaction theories. A total of 156 questionnaires were distributed via judgement sampling guidelines. PLS-SEM was used for the data analysis. The results confirmed that the online learning system is useful but not user-friendly. Technical system quality is up to the satisfactory level from students’ perception. Furthermore, the attitude was confirmed significantly impact undergraduate students’ satisfaction with online learning. Discussion of the findings, implications, and direction for future research are also presented in the final section of the study. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine was broadly adopted for patient care. Considering this experience, it is crucial to understand the perceptions of teleclinic healthcare professionals. In Saudi Arabia, telemedicine literature was restricted to physicians working in government and private hospitals. This study examined perceptions in relation to telemedicine among physicians and other healthcare professionals practicing in Saudi Arabian military hospitals in the Taif region. During COVID-19, telemedicine was implemented in military hospitals; consequently, this study assists in evaluating introduced practices and the perceptions of health professionals regarding these new practices. A quantitative, descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was undertaken on healthcare professionals (N = 153). Twenty (20) items based on standardized measures were used to collect data using an online questionnaire. The measures contained three subscales: perceived usefulness, perceived ease, and behavioral intention. It was hypothesized that the perception of teleclinic usefulness and ease score by healthcare providers would be significantly correlated with behavioral intention. Descriptive statistics for mean, frequency, and standard deviation, as well as a Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis, were conducted to assess the relationship and predictive association between variables. In addition, a focus group discussion was organized to collect information directly from healthcare professionals. Most of the participants were approximately 40 years of age, Saudi Nationals (63%), medical specialists (62%), and were involved in teleclinic practices before the COVID-19 pandemic (60%). The reliability of all three scales was determined to be acceptable (α = 0.75-0.91). Perceived usefulness and perceived ease were shown to be significantly correlated with behavioral intention (r = 0.877, p = 0.05). In addition, the regression analysis indicated that perceived usefulness and perceived ease are predictors of the behavioral intention (R2 = 0.777, F (2,152) = 261.76, p = 0.001) of teleclinic practices among healthcare professionals. The positive perception of telemedicine integration in healthcare systems revealed by this study is a major catalyst for continuous adoption. On the other hand, certified telemedicine platforms, on-the-job training, Internet of things, and a flexible approach are required to find opportunities and enhancements in telemedicine interactions.
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COVID-19 , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated , Telemedicine , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Saudi Arabia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pandemics , Reproducibility of Results , Health Personnel , Surveys and Questionnaires , PerceptionABSTRACT
Purpose-Instructors’ perspectives of technology learning applications are crucial for effective and high-quality online learning. As a result, it is essential to pinpoint the affecting variables that influence teachers’ acceptance of e-learning. The aim of this research is to determine how Turkish primary school teachers’ intentions to use e-learning are affected by perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness which are two vital components of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) that was utilized in this study. Design/methodology/approach-The online questionnaire that was filled out by 357 educators countrywide, was adapted for the cross-sectional study, which assessed teachers’ intentions to employ e-learning in instruction. The quantitative research approach has been used in this research which was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings-The data analysis findings suggested that there was a high positive association in between of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioural intention. © 2022, Association Res Militaris. All rights reserved.
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Automated text summarizing helps the scientific and medical sectors by identifying and extracting relevant information from articles. Automatic text summarization is a way of compressing text documents so that users may find important and useful information in the original text in reduced time. We will first review some new works in the field of summarization that uses deep learning approaches, and then we will explain the application to COVID-19 related research papers. The ease with which a reader can grasp written text is referred to as the readability test. The substance of text determines its readability in natural language processing. We constructed word clouds using the s' most commonly used text. By looking at those three measurements, we can determine the performance measures of ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2, ROUGE-L, ROUGE-L-SUM. Our findings indicated that Distilbart-mnli-12-6 and GPT2-large outperform than others considered. © 2022 IEEE.