Emotion Regulation Strategies and Beliefs About Emotions Predict Psychosocial Outcomes in Response to Multiple Stressors.

Emotion regulation (ER) strategies and beliefs about emotions (implicit theories of emotions; ITE) may shape psychosocial outcomes during turbulent times, including the transition to adulthood and college while encountering stressors. The normative stressors associated with these transitions were compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, providing a novel opportunity to examine how emerging adults (EAs) cope with sustained stressors. Stress exposures can heighten existing individual differences and serve as "turning points" that predict psychosocial trajectories. This pre-registered study (https://osf.io/k8mes) of 101 EAs (18-19 years old) examined whether ITE (believing emotions can change or not; incremental vs. entity beliefs) and ER strategy usage (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression usage) predicted changes in anxiety symptomatology and feelings of loneliness across five longitudinal assessments (across a 6-month period) before and during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. On average, EAs' anxiety decreased after the pandemic outbreak but returned to baseline over time, while loneliness remained relatively unchanged across time. ITE explained variance in anxiety across time over and above reappraisal use. Conversely, reappraisal use explained variance in loneliness over and above ITE. For both anxiety and loneliness, suppression use resulted in maladaptive psychosocial outcomes across time. Thus, interventions that target ER strategies and ITE may ameliorate risk and promote resilience in EAs who experience increased instability. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-023-00187-0.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Global Public Health and Risk Modelling Framework Using an Environmental Deep Neural Network, Sentiment Classification with Text Mining and Emotional Reactions from COVID-19 Vaccination Tweets.

Popular social media platforms, such as Twitter, have become an excellent source of information with their swift information dissemination. Individuals with different backgrounds convey their opinions through social media platforms. Consequently, these platforms have become a profound instrument for collecting enormous datasets. We believe that compiling, organizing, exploring, and analyzing data from social media platforms, such as Twitter, can offer various perspectives to public health organizations and decision makers in identifying factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy. In this study, public tweets were downloaded daily from Tweeter using the Tweeter API. Before performing computation, the tweets were preprocessed and labeled. Vocabulary normalization was based on stemming and lemmatization. The NRCLexicon technique was deployed to convert the tweets into ten classes: positive sentiment, negative sentiment, and eight basic emotions (joy, trust, fear, surprise, anticipation, anger, disgust, and sadness). t-test was used to check the statistical significance of the relationships among the basic emotions. Our analysis shows that the p-values of joy-sadness, trust-disgust, fear-anger, surprise-anticipation, and negative-positive relations are close to zero. Finally, neural network architectures, including 1DCNN, LSTM, Multiple-Layer Perceptron, and BERT, were trained and tested in a COVID-19 multi-classification of sentiments and emotions (positive, negative, joy, sadness, trust, disgust, fear, anger, surprise, and anticipation). Our experiment attained an accuracy of 88.6% for 1DCNN at 1744 s, 89.93% accuracy for LSTM at 27,597 s, while MLP achieved an accuracy of 84.78% at 203 s. The study results show that the BERT model performed the best, with an accuracy of 96.71% at 8429 s.

S2k-Guideline SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and (early) rehabilitation - a consensus-based guideline for Germany.

The consensus-based guideline "SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and (early) rehabilitation" for Germany has two sections: In the first part, the guideline addresses infection protection-related procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the second part, it provides practice recommendations for rehabilitation after COVID-19. The specific recommendations for rehabilitation after COVID-19 as issued by 13 German medical societies and two patient-representative organizations are presented together with general background information for their development.

Implementation of a brief online skills group of dialectical behaviour therapy for emotional dysregulation in Latinx: a withdrawal experimental single-case design.

BACKGROUND: Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) skills groups have shown promise as an effective treatment for clients with emotional dysregulation, especially when combined with individual DBT. However, their efficacy is not well established as an online therapy, or in the Latinx population. AIMS: This study aimed to explore satisfaction, retention and effects of an internet-based DBT group added to individual online sessions. METHOD: An ABAB withdrawal experimental single-case design was conducted to evaluate the effect of a brief online DBT skills group on emotional dysregulation, anxiety and depression for five Latinx participants. DBT skills group (phase B) were compared with placebo group sessions (phase A) and fortnightly individual DBT sessions were offered throughout to manage risk. RESULTS: Visual inspection showed a decrease in level of emotional dysregulation and a large effect size according to the Nonoverlap of All Pairs when comparing group DBT and placebo phases. Although depression symptoms decreased after introducing group DBT, anxiety indicators decreased most during the second round of group placebo sessions. DISCUSSION: Whilst only a pilot, this study suggests that online group DBT in Latinx populations is feasible and effective for changing emotional regulation processes but may not effectively target anxiety. Future research might increase the number of DBT sessions in order to enhance learning opportunities and generalization. Replication with larger sample sizes and diverse modalities is needed.

Therapist Feedback and Implications on Adoption of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Co-Facilitator for Online Cancer Support Groups: Mixed Methods Single-Arm Usability Study.

BACKGROUND: The recent onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the social distancing requirement have created an increased demand for virtual support programs. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) may offer novel solutions to management challenges such as the lack of emotional connections within virtual group interventions. Using typed text from online support groups, AI can help identify the potential risk of mental health concerns, alert group facilitator(s), and automatically recommend tailored resources while monitoring patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this mixed methods, single-arm study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, validity, and reliability of an AI-based co-facilitator (AICF) among CancerChatCanada therapists and participants to monitor online support group participants' distress through a real-time analysis of texts posted during the support group sessions. Specifically, AICF (1) generated participant profiles with discussion topic summaries and emotion trajectories for each session, (2) identified participant(s) at risk for increased emotional distress and alerted the therapist for follow-up, and (3) automatically suggested tailored recommendations based on participant needs. Online support group participants consisted of patients with various types of cancer, and the therapists were clinically trained social workers. METHODS: Our study reports on the mixed methods evaluation of AICF, including therapists' opinions as well as quantitative measures. AICF's ability to detect distress was evaluated by the patient's real-time emoji check-in, the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software, and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. RESULTS: Although quantitative results showed only some validity of AICF's ability in detecting distress, the qualitative results showed that AICF was able to detect real-time issues that are amenable to treatment, thus allowing therapists to be more proactive in supporting every group member on an individual basis. However, therapists are concerned about the ethical liability of AICF's distress detection function. CONCLUSIONS: Future works will look into wearable sensors and facial cues by using videoconferencing to overcome the barriers associated with text-based online support groups. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/21453.

From tech to tact: emotion dysregulation in online communication during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Recent theorizing argues that online communication technologies provide powerful, although precarious, means of emotional regulation. We develop this understanding further. Drawing on subjective reports collected during periods of imposed social restrictions under COVID-19, we focus on how this precarity is a source of emotional dysregulation. We make our case by organizing responses into five distinct but intersecting dimensions wherein the precarity of this regulation is most relevant: infrastructure, functional use, mindful design (individual and social), and digital tact. Analyzing these reports, along with examples of mediating technologies (i.e., self-view) and common interactive dynamics (e.g., gaze coordination), we tease out how breakdowns along these dimensions are sources of affective dysregulation. We argue that the adequacy of available technological resources and competencies of various kinds matter greatly to the types of emotional experiences one is likely to have online. Further research into online communication technologies as modulators of both our individual and collective well-being is urgently needed, especially as the echoes of the digital push that COVID-19 initiated are set to continue reverberating into the future.

Emotion regulation and disordered eating behaviour in youths: Two daily-diary studies.

OBJECTIVE: Disordered eating cognitions and behaviours in childhood and adolescence have been identified as precursors for the development of eating disorders. Another important contributor to eating disorder risk is maladaptive emotion regulation. However, while the regulation of negative affect has been the focus of much research, the literature on the role of positive emotion regulation in eating pathology is extremely limited. The present study extends previous research by examining the regulation of both positive and negative affect in disordered eating using two waves of a daily diary design. METHOD: Every evening for 21 days, 139 youths (8-15 years) reported their use of rumination, dampening, and disordered eating cognitions and behaviours. 1 year later, during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, 115 of these youths were followed-up. RESULTS: As predicted, higher levels of rumination and dampening were found to be associated with a higher frequency of weight concerns and restrictive eating on person-level (both Waves) and day-level (Wave 2). Further, a higher frequency of rumination at Wave 1 predicted increases in the frequency of restrictive eating 1 year later. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underline the importance of examining regulation of both positive and negative emotion in order to understand eating disorder risk.

[Foot reflexology for caregivers in palliative care]. / La réflexologie plantaire au service des soignants de soins palliatifs.

Foot reflexology is the use of massage and acupressure techniques on the feet, which represent each organ of the human body. The reflexologist knows precisely the anatomy of the body and the reflex points on the feet in order to relieve and treat the person's problems. A team from the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand shares a very positive experience, unfortunately interrupted by the Covid-19 health crisis.

Impact of campus living conditions on Chinese medical school students' mental health during the COVID-19 campus lockdown: the chain mediating role of cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression.

Objective: To investigate the effect of changes in campus living conditions related to the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on medical school students' mental health status, to explore the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies, and to provide effective suggestions for promoting medical school students' mental health. Methods: A self-report questionnaire, an emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ), and psychological questionnaires for emergent events of public health (PQEEPH) were used to interview 998 medical school students who experienced campus lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The mean total PQEEPH score was 3.66 ± 3.06. The degrees of inconvenience in daily life and change in routine and expression suppression as an emotion regulation strategy were significantly positively correlated with all PQEEPH dimensions. Cognitive reappraisal was significantly negatively associated with depression, neurosis, obsessive-compulsive anxiety, and hypochondriasis (ps < 0.05). Cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression demonstrated a chain mediating role between the degree of inconvenience in life and mental health and between the degree of change in routine and mental health (F = 32.883, 41.051, ps < 0.05). Conclusion: Campus lockdown management significantly impacts medical school students' mental health. Extensive use of cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression can reduce students' adverse psychological reactions during campus lockdowns to an extent.

Angry, Sad, or Scared? Within-valence Mapping of Emotion Words to Facial and Body Cues in 2 to 4-Year-Old Children

The acquisition of emotion words is critical to children's socio-emotional development. Previous studies report that children acquire emotion words gradually during ages 3-5 and beyond. The majority of this work, however, has used demanding tasks for young children (e.g., asking children to label emotion-related facial configurations) and has predominantly relied on facial configurations. Here we designed a child-friendly, word-comprehension task incorporating both facial configurations and body language. In two preregistered online experiments, we asked two to four-year-olds (N = 96) to connect emotion words-happy, sad, angry, and scared-to either facial configurations (Experiment 1) or combined facial and body cues (Experiment 2). We found relatively early competence in understanding emotion words, especially those of the same-valence. All age groups, including 2-year-olds, successfully linked emotion words to corresponding facial configurations (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 replicated this pattern and further showed that children performed equally well (though not substantially better) when given additional body cues. Parental reports of children's exposure to and use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic did not correlate with children's performance in either experiment. Even before children can produce emotion words in an adult-like manner, they possess at least a partial understanding of those words and can map them to emotion cues within valence domains. © 2023 University of California Press. All rights reserved.

The role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on placebo effect of regulating social pain: A TMS study

Under the influence of the novel coronavirus epidemic, some negative social events, such as separation of family or friends and home isolation have increased. These events can cause negative emotion experiences similar to physical pain, thus they are called social pain. Placebo effect refers to the positive response to the inert treatment with no specific therapeutic properties, which has been shown to be one of the effective ways to alleviate social pain. Studies have shown that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a key role in placebo effect. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether activating DLPFC by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could improve the ability of placebo effects to regulate social pain. Besides, we also combined neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques to provide bidirectional evidence for the role of the DLPFC on placebo effects. We recruited a total of 100 participants to finish the task of negative emotional rating of the social exclusion images. Among them, 50 participants were stimulated by TMS at the right DLPFC (rDLPFC), while the others were assigned to the sham group. This study contained two independent variables. The between-subject variable was TMS group (rDLPFC-activated group or sham group) and the within-subject variable was placebo type (no-placebo and placebo). All participants received nasal spray in two blocks. In the no-placebo condition, participants were instructed that they would receive a saline nasal spray which helped to improve physiological readings;in placebo block, participants were told to administrate an intranasal fluoxetine spray (saline nasal spray in fact) that could reduce unpleasantness within 10 minutes. To strengthen the expectation of intranasal fluoxetine, participants viewed a professional introduction to fluoxetine's clinical and academic usage including downregulating negative emotion, such as fear, anxiety, and disgust. Participants who received the placebo block first would be reminded that fluoxetine's effect was over before the next block to reduce the carry-over for the following block. Self-reported negative emotional and electroencephalogram data were recorded. There was a significant two-way interaction of TMS group and placebo type. Results showed that compared with the sham group, participants in the rDLPFC-activated group reported less negative emotional feeling and had a lower amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP) in placebo condition, a component that reflects the emotional intensity, suggesting that activating rDLPFC can improve the ability of placebo effect to regulate social pain. The above finding suggested that activating DLPFC can improve the placebo effect of regulating negative emotion. Moreover, this study is the first attempt to investigate the enhancement of placebo effects by using TMS on emotion regulation. The findings not only support the critical role of DLPFC on placebo effect using neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques, but also provide a potential brain target for treating emotional regulation deficits in patients with psychiatric disorders. © 2023 WANG Mei.

Tailoring dyadic coping strategies to attachment style: Emotion-focused and problem-focused dyadic coping differentially buffer anxiously and avoidantly attached partners

Attachment insecurity is associated with lower satisfaction and lower felt security in romantic relationships, especially during times of stress such as coping with a global pandemic. Heightened external stressors for couples are associated with poorer relationship quality, but how couples cope with stress together, or their dyadic coping strategies, is associated with the maintenance of relationship satisfaction. In the current study, we followed 184 couples living together during the COVID-19 pandemic to test whether specific coping strategies buffered people higher in attachment anxiety and avoidance from lower satisfaction and felt security in the early weeks and ensuing months of the pandemic. Our findings demonstrate that perceiving more emotion-focused dyadic coping—being affectionate and using intimacy—buffered the negative association between attachment anxiety and relationship satisfaction and felt security, both concurrently and over several months of the pandemic. In addition, problem-focused perceived dyadic coping backfired for people higher in attachment anxiety;they felt less satisfied when they perceived more problem-focused coping—which involves being solution-focused and using instrumental support—in their relationship. In contrast, people higher in attachment avoidance were buffered against lower relationship satisfaction when they perceived more problem-focused dyadic coping and were not buffered by emotion-focused coping. The current findings suggest the importance of tailoring coping strategies to a partner's attachment style for relationship quality and felt security during times of stress.

Aspect-based Sentiment and Correlation-based Emotion Detection on Tweets for Understanding Public Opinion of Covid-19

Background: During the Covid-19 period, the government made policies dealing with it. Policies issued by the government invited public opinion as a form of public reaction to these policies. The easiest way to find out the public's response is through Twitter's social media. However, Twitter data have limitations. There is a mix between facts and personal opinions. It is necessary to distinguish between these. Opinions expressed by the public can be both positive and negative, so correlation is needed to link opinions and their emotions. Objective: This study discusses sentiment and emotion detection to understand public opinion accurately. Sentiment and emotion are analyzed using Pearson correlation to determine the correlation. Methods: The datasets were about public opinion of Covid-19 retrieved from Twitter. The data were annotated into sentiment and emotion using Pearson correlation. After the annotation process, the data were preprocessed. Afterward, single model classification was carried out using machine learning methods (Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes) and deep learning method (Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers). The classification process was focused on accuracy and F1-score evaluation. Results: There were three scenarios for determining sentiment and emotion, namely the factor of aspect-based and correlation- based, without those factors, and aspect-based sentiment only. The scenario using the two aforementioned factors obtained an accuracy value of 97%, while an accuracy of 96% was acquired without them. Conclusion: The use of aspect and correlation with Pearson correlation has helped better understand public opinion regarding sentiment and emotion more accurately © 2023 The Authors. Published by Universitas Airlangga.

Perceived stress, worries and changes in interpersonal relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic: Psychopathological and cognitive precursors in a 10-year youth cohort

Aims: to investigate if mental disorders and cognitive performance are associated with interpersonal behaviours and negative emotions among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): This work is part of the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort for Mental Conditions (BHRC), which included 6-12 years-old children at baseline (Year 2010) who participated in an online COVID-19 wave (N = 1.144). Outcomes were factor socres from specifc sections of the international Coronavirus Health and Impact Survey (relationship changes, stress, and concerns related to COVID-19). A structured interview (DAWBA, DSM-IV) assessed externalizing and internalizing disorders. Cognitive predictors were IQ and executive function assessed at baseline. We used Generalized Linear Models adjusting for sex and socioeconomic variables. First, higher IQ (B = 0.0032;t = 2.714;p = .006) and any internalizing disorder prior to the pandemic (B = 0.0902;t = 2.228;p = .026) were associated with higher perceived stress during the pandemic. Second, any externalizing disorder (B = -0.1449;t = -2.066;p = .039) was linked with lower levels of COVID-19-related worries, whilst higher performance in executive function tasks was associated with higher levels (B = 0.1803;t = 4.796;p = .001). Third, higher IQ was linked with negative changes in interpersonal relationships (B = -0.0007;t = -3.371;p = .0007). Conclusion(s): This study showed that lifetime externalizing and internalizing disorders, in addition to cognitive variables at lifetime externalizing and internalizing disorders, in addition to cognitive variables at an early age, were associated with distinct mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dynamic modelling of changes in emotional and behavioural problems in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aims: Children and adolescents were affected in various ways by the measures due to COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this study were to investigate and compare the effects on mental health across age, to identify latent class trajectories of emotional and behavioural problems over 12-months and to examine the association of classes of trajectories with baseline demographic and clinical predictors. Method(s): Children (n = 1854) and adolescents (n = 1243) from the general population were assessed baseline, at 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up. They were eligible if they were residents in Austria, Germany, or Switzerland, were parents/caregivers of a child aged between 7 and 10 years or adolescents >=11 years, had sufficient German language skills and provided informed consent. Results and Conclusion(s): Significant age-effects were found regarding type and frequency of problems. While children had the largest increase in aggressive behaviours, adolescents reported the largest increase in emotional problems. Sociodemographic variables, exposure to and appraisal of COVID-19, psychotherapy before COVID-19 and parental mental health significantly predicted change in problemscores (F >= 3.69, p <= .001). Using growth mixture modelling, a oneclass solution was detected for the trajectory of aggressive behaviours and a two- and three-class solution for withdrawn/depression and anxiety/depression. A substantial proportion of children and adolescents experienced age-related mental health problems during the different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results suggest that psychological problems of specific sub-groups should be monitored over the longer-term and interventions to improve communication, emotion regulation, and appraisal style should be offered to risk groups.

Model Construction and Empirical Study on Unsustainable Usage Behavior of Paid Knowledge Users

Knowledge payment is a new method of electronic learning that has developed in the era of social media. With the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the market for knowledge payment is rapidly expanding. Exploring the factors that influence users' sustained willingness is beneficial for better communication between knowledge payment platforms and users, and for achieving a healthier and more sustainable development of the knowledge payment industry. The model of unsustainable usage behavior of knowledge payment users was constructed on the basis of expectation inconsistency theory, price equilibrium theory, and perceived value theory, using the 'cognitive-emotional-behavioral' model framework of cognitive emotion theory. The data were collected from 348 users through a web-based questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings show that expectation inconsistency, price equilibrium, and quality value, emotional value, and social value have significant effects on discontinuous use intentions. Discontinuous use intentions also significantly affect discontinuous use behavior. © 2013 IEEE.

Parental stress as a mediator between parents' emotion regulation and youth's psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study

Mental health in families has been affected by COVID-19 stressors. Parental stress and emotion regulation can moderate the emotional effects on their children. This study analyzes the role of parental stress as a mediating variable between parents' emotion regulation and children's symptoms. Participants were 214 parents of youth aged 3-17 years, who completed an online survey providing information about parental variables and symptoms in their children. The results show that parental stress mediates the relationship between parental emotion regulation and children's psychological symptoms. Thus, parents who used cognitive reappraisal strategy less frequently reported more psychological symptoms in their children and higher parental stress. Parents who used expressive suppression more frequently also reported more psychological symptoms in their children and higher parental stress. The present study provides novel information by relating parental psychological variables with psychological variables in youth during a period characterized by the most significant psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2023. Psy, Soc & Educ.

Text Mining and Emotion Classification on Monkeypox Twitter Dataset: A Deep Learning-Natural Language Processing (NLP) Approach

Emotion classification has become a valuable tool in analyzing text and emotions people express in response to events or crises, particularly on social media and other online platforms. The recent news about monkeypox highlighted various emotions individuals felt during the outbreak. People’s opinions and concerns have been very different based on their awareness and understanding of the disease. Although there have been studies on monkeypox, emotion classification related to this virus has not been considered. As a result, this study aims to analyze the emotions individual expressed on social media posts related to the monkeypox disease. Our goal is to provide real-time information and identify critical concerns about the disease. To conduct our analysis, first, we extract and preprocess 800,000 datasets and then use NRCLexicon, a Python library, to predict and measure the emotional significance of each text. Secondly, we develop deep learning models based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), and the combination of Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory (CLSTM) for emotion classification. We use SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique) and Random Undersampling techniques to address the class imbalance in our training dataset. The results of our study revealed that the CNN model achieved the highest performance with an accuracy of 96%. Overall, emotion classification on the monkeypox dataset can be a powerful tool for improving our understanding of the disease. The findings of this study will help develop effective interventions and improve public health. Author

Associations Between Children's Emotion Regulation, Mindful Parenting, Parent Stress, and Parent Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Stress among parents has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research prior to the pandemic indicates that parents of children who struggle with emotion regulation (ER) and who themselves are less mindful report more stress and diminished coping abilities. We know little, however, about these associations in the context of COVID-19. To prevent COVID-related deteriorations in parent well-being and child outcomes and to support parents during this potentially challenging time, it is important to understand the factors that are associated with increased stress as well as adaptive coping. This paper discusses the association between children's ER, mindful parenting (MP), parent stress, and parents' coping with parenting during the pandemic in a sample of 217 caregivers of school-aged children (91.0% mothers). Results indicated that children's ER was associated with parents' self-reported coping with parenting in the pandemic but was not associated with increased stress. Further, MP moderated the association between children's ER and coping, such that parents who were the most mindful and had children with better ER skills reported significantly greater ability to cope with pandemic parenting. Coping was lower for other combinations of ER and mindful parenting. These findings contradict those from before COVID, suggesting the relationship between children's ER and parent outcomes may differ in the COVID-19 context, and offering insights into which parents may be most likely to struggle with coping with pandemic parenting. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Family Journal is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

A Critical Study on Impact of Covid - 19 on the Decision of High School Graduates in India Planning to Study Abroad

Higher education has not been immune to the widespread disruption caused by the coronavirus pandemic, commonly known as COVID-19. Colleges have quickly evolved and adapted to this new normal, from leaving campuses to investing in online instruction and assisting students and staff remotely. However, international lockdowns have had a devastating effect on graduating high school students who had planned to study abroad. According to a survey by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), a highly revered annual publication of global ranking for educational institutions, more than 48% of Indian students intending to study abroad changed their minds because of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aims to discuss how the pandemic affected students' decision-making on a wide range of factors. The study's goals are to determine whether the coronavirus affected college students' plans to study abroad, including how it influenced the students' interest in pursuing their higher education and how factors such as financial breakdown, parental emotion, and fear of the pandemic have impacted students' intentions to study overseas. The research will collect and analyze primary data quantitatively to test the hypothesis and provide solid evidence for the goals. The study's findings reveal that students' perspectives differed, suggesting that some students considered deferring their overseas education plans in response to the worsening epidemic. In contrast, others embraced the option of studying online, either in India or Abroad (by enrolling in hybrid or roaster classes).Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.