ABSTRACT
At its peak period of the COVID-19 spread, this study investigates how transit-oriented sub-centered housing developments responded against the pandemic in line with the residents' spatial experience and changing preferences. In this context, Batikent, a gated-community-based urban development and one of the successful urban residential projects realized in the 1980s in Ankara, Turkiye, was chosen as a case study. The four metro stations located on the same track in Batikent's most densely populated areas were taken as reference points, and their surroundings, 1 km in diameter were spatially examined in terms of the housing types they host, and differences in their land coverages and building and population density, etc. A survey was carried out to examine the residents' COVID-19 experience in line with spatial qualities. To match them against COVID-19 with the spatial patterns, both results were compared to the COVID-19 spread maps, collected for six months starting from October 2020 to March 2021. The spread risk was prominent in the places where the buildings are in closer proximity and increased interaction with the commercial networks. The results also suggest that perceived qualities of the residential environment are critical in dealing with extreme urban phenomena. Neither the spatial formation of the urban form nor the living habits change instantaneously but being aware of the capabilities of the spatial setting and properties which combat the pandemics helps with the spatial scale of the local adaptation process. © 2023 American Real Estate Society.
ABSTRACT
Managing common property in gated communities is challenging. Although numerous studies have demonstrated that there are several determinants of collective action effectiveness and performances in gated communities, empirical research drawing on a multidimensional social-ecological system (SES) framework in quantitatively exploring relationships between institutional–physical–social factors and gated community collective action remains lacking. Therefore, based on Ostrom’s social-ecological system (SES) framework, this study attempts to identify factors influencing the self-organizing system (collective action) of gated communities in China. Using stratified purposive sampling, ten gated communities with various characteristics in the Taigu district were selected, in which questionnaires were then distributed to 414 households to collect valid data within the communities. Taking the ridge regression as a more robust predictive SES model with a penalty value of k = 0.1 and regularization, R Square of 0.882, this study, among 14 factors, ultimately identified six key institutional–social–ecological factors based on the descending standardized effect size, and they are: (i) types of community;(ii) presence of leaders;(iii) exclusiveness systems of a gated community;(iv) age of gated community;(v) strict enforcement of rules;and (vi) number of households that affect residents’ collective action in terms of community security, hygiene and cleanliness, and facility quality. The research findings provide urban managers and communities novel insights to formulate strategic policies towards sustainable housing and building management.
ABSTRACT
Based on a comparative analysis of gated communities in Shanghai, China and in Bogotá, Colombia, this chapter investigates weaknesses and patterns of urban resilience against the current COVID-19 outbreak, arising from the functional and spatial organization of these residential settlements. The study benefits from an extensive literature review of urban resilience enhancement and enclosed compound types, and is based on the empirical analysis of nine case studies for each city to highlight differences and commonalities under the typo-morphological perspective concerning the containment norms implemented by the institutions in the two contexts, as well as to the provision and quality of outdoor space and facilities which strengthen the settlements’ resilience. The results of the study add value to the existing literature on urban morphology and urban resilience and highlight the need for a holistic context-specific approach for an adaptive urban design that can tackle acute shocks like the current pandemic, but also, as time passes without definitive solutions, possible chronic distresses. The conclusions highlight urban form as one of the methods of enhancing a city’s resilience. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
The methodology uses data from the Federal Reserve’s Survey of Consumer Finances and original survey data from mortgage lenders investigated the effects of student loan debt on first-time home buyers. The sixth paper from China examined to what extent, if any, is a homeowners association (HOA), which is related to a gated community capitalised into the level of housing prices. Housing market data was drawn from various real estate agencies with the findings confirming the age of the house, existence of central heating and/or parking had no significant effect on prices. The methodology used a double-layer analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach to examine 15 geospatial factors where these factors were categorised into physical, social, economic, legal and environmental, forming the first layer, while its subcategory is the second layer.
ABSTRACT
A seemingly unresolved debate in urban planning is the call for compactness and the provision of intra-urban green spaces. This article defines a multi-scalar spatial planning model for peri-urban areas and urban voids able to reconcile medium to high building densities with the provision of ecosystem services. The research is framed within design science research, and the theoretical definition of the model was followed by its application to the International Hub for Sustainable Development (HIDS) proposed by the University of Campinas, Brazil. The model’s parameters and indicators derive from a literature review, case studies, and GIS spatial analyses. A series of expert workshops and a survey were carried out to test and validate the model. The results show that the model can support knowledge-based development in peri-urban areas with high levels of population density while ensuring good accessibility to green spaces and productive landscapes. The model can serve as a planning and design tool and support the development of public policies for other contexts committed to more resilient and sustainable development.
ABSTRACT
This article investigates the works of Dussel, Maldonado-Torres, and Mbembe as representatives of a tendency in the field of decolonial thought to assume the templates of warfare and the camp as the archetypal registers of violence in the contemporary world. Identifying this focus as the remnant of a Eurocentric vocabulary (the paradigm of war), the article proposes a shift from the language of warfare predominant in the field to a language of welfare. The article turns to the gated community (GC), instead of the camp, and the imperatives of (re)creation, instead of the logics of elimination, as new templates with which to make sense of modern/colonial violence. Moving beyond militaristic imagery, the analysis shows a form of violence that emerges as a response to the endless search for a life of convenience inside the walls of the GC. To this end, the article advances the concept of the dialect of disarrangement, the enforced but uneasy encounter between two subjectivities that inhabit the GC: the patrons (the homeowners who consume the easy life) and servants (the racialised service staff). In the GC, violence emerges in attempts to respond to this (in)convenient encounter via misrepresentations of both patrons and servants as out of their place.