Immunopathogenesis and Immunogenetic Variants in COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread globally despite the discovery of vaccines. Many people die due to COVID-19 as a result of catastrophic consequences, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by a cytokine storm. Immunopathology and immunogenetic research may assist in diagnosing, predicting, and treating severe COVID-19 and the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19. This paper reviews the immunopathogenesis and immunogenetic variants that play a role in COVID-19. Although various immune-related genetic variants have been investigated in relation to severe COVID-19, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) have not been assessed for their potential significance in the clinical outcome. Here, we a) summarize the current understanding of the immunogenetic etiology and pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the associated cytokine storm; and b) construct and analyze protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks (using enrichment and annotation analysis) based on the NLRP3 and IL18 variants and all genes, which were established in severe COVID-19. Our PPI network and enrichment analyses predict a) useful drug targets to prevent the onset of severe COVID-19, including key antiviral pathways such as Toll-Like-Receptor cascades, NOD-like receptor signaling, RIG-induction of interferon (IFN) α/ß, and interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor signaling; and b) SARS-CoV-2 innate immune evasion and the participation of MYD88 and MAVS in the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19. The PPI network genetic variants may be used to predict more severe COVID-19 outcomes, thereby opening the door for targeted preventive treatments.

Accelerated SARS-CoV-2 intrahost evolution leading to distinct genotypes during chronic infection.

The chronic infection hypothesis for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant emergence is increasingly gaining credence following the appearance of Omicron. Here, we investigate intrahost evolution and genetic diversity of lineage B.1.517 during a SARS-CoV-2 chronic infection lasting for 471 days (and still ongoing) with consistently recovered infectious virus and high viral genome copies. During the infection, we find an accelerated virus evolutionary rate translating to 35 nucleotide substitutions per year, approximately 2-fold higher than the global SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary rate. This intrahost evolution results in the emergence and persistence of at least three genetically distinct genotypes, suggesting the establishment of spatially structured viral populations continually reseeding different genotypes into the nasopharynx. Finally, we track the temporal dynamics of genetic diversity to identify advantageous mutations and highlight hallmark changes for chronic infection. Our findings demonstrate that untreated chronic infections accelerate SARS-CoV-2 evolution, providing an opportunity for the emergence of genetically divergent variants.

Personalized medicine using omics approaches in acute respiratory distress syndrome to identify biological phenotypes.

In the last decade, research on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has made considerable progress. However, ARDS remains a leading cause of mortality in the intensive care unit. ARDS presents distinct subphenotypes with different clinical and biological features. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of ARDS may contribute to the biological variability and partially explain why some pharmacologic therapies for ARDS have failed to improve patient outcomes. Therefore, identifying ARDS variability and heterogeneity might be a key strategy for finding effective treatments. Research involving studies on biomarkers and genomic, metabolomic, and proteomic technologies is increasing. These new approaches, which are dedicated to the identification and quantitative analysis of components from biological matrixes, may help differentiate between different types of damage and predict clinical outcome and risk. Omics technologies offer a new opportunity for the development of diagnostic tools and personalized therapy in ARDS. This narrative review assesses recent evidence regarding genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in ARDS research.

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 lineages using a cost-effective MassARRAYR system

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of COVID-19. Identification of virus lineages is key to tracking the chains of transmission and for monitoring variants of interest as well as variants of concern. This study aimed to develop and validate a cost-effective method to determine SARS-CoV-2 lineages of virus samples from the first wave of the pandemic in Thailand (January - May 2020). A lineage-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping panel of SARS-CoV-2 was designed based on genomic surveillance data generated in the first wave. Viral RNA specimens obtained from the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital were analyzed by a MassARRAYR platform in comparison to a next generation sequencing of the virus genome. The MassARRAYR system was able to identify the SARS-CoV-2 lineages with high accuracy supporting its application as a rapid and cost-effective method for identification of circulating COVID-19 variants in the country, and has the ability to accommodate new SARS-CoV-2 variants by simple modifications of the assay protocol.

Diversity of coronaviruses in wild and domestic birds in Vietnam

Objective: To investigate the genetic diversity of coronaviruses in wild and domestic birds in the bird park and live poultry markets of Ca Mau province in Vietnam in 2020. Methods: A total of 228 samples (121 from wild birds and 107 from poultry) were collected in the territory of Ca Mau province of Vietnam in 2020. The avian samples were tested for the presence of the four genera of coronaviruses using reverse transcription and nested PCR. Molecular genetic analysis using targeted NGS sequencing of RdRp gene was performed for 29 representative samples (12 samples from wild birds and 17 from poultry). Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the neighbour joininig method with 1000 bootstrap replications using MEGA X software. Results: Among wild birds, 21.5% samples were positive for the genetic material of coronaviruses and 38.3% samples were positive for coronaviruses among poultry. Genetic analysis of the partial sequence of RdRp gene from representative samples revealed that wild birds were carriers of gammacoronaviruses and deltacoronaviruses. Among poultry, three genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (QX, Mass and Q1) were detected in chickens, with QX genotypes being predominant, and viruses of DCoV group were detected in domestic ducks. There was no detection of alphacoronaviruses or betacoronaviruses in the studied birds. Conclusions: Coronaviruses of genera Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus were detected in wild birds. A high percentage of infectious bronchitis virus was detected in poultry. Thus, there is a need for broader surveillance of coronaviruses in birds, which can be used for evaluation of diversity, evolution and distribution of coronaviruses in Vietnam. Continuous surveillance of coronaviruses circulation in wild and domestic animals is necessary for implementing strategic measures for poultry and domestic animal protection and for evaluation of possible risk of circulating coronaviruses to human health.

Epidemiological and etiological analysis of a case cluster caused by norovirus in a nursing home in Lanzhou

Objective To understand the epidemiology and etiology of a cluster of cases with gastroenteritis in a nursing home in Anning district of Lanzhou, and to provide a scientific evidence for the prevention and control of norovirus diarrhea in community nursing centers. Methods From January 28 to February 4 2021, an epidemiological investigation was conducted on all diarrhea cases, nursing staff and chefs in a nursing home in Anning district, Lanzhou city.Samples of patients′ anal swabs, feces, vomitus were collected for norovirus detection by real-time fluorescent PCR.ORF1/ORF2 junction region of norovirus in some selected positive samples（Ct value ≤ 25） was sequenced.MEGA-X software was used to construct a phylogenetic tree for genetic evolution analysis using the neighboring method. Results The first case was confirmed on January20,2021,and the number of cases peaked during January 25and 29.A total of 58clinically diagnosed cases were reported,57were older people,with an incidence of（57/360,15.83%）.Diarrhea（50/58,86.21%）,vomiting（35/58,60.34%）,nausea（13/58,22.41%）and abdominal pain（6/58,10.34%）were common symptoms,all cases were mild.Fifty-three asymptomatic cases were detected among chefs,housekeepers and nurses.A total of 163specimens were tested,the positive rate of norovirus GⅡwas 49.08%（80/163）.The positive rate of fecal samples collected from nurses,chefs and housekeepers was 48.62%（53/109）,and was11.11%（2/18）in environmental surface swabs.The possibility of other pathogenic infections such as SARS-CoV-2was ruled out by further tests.Thirteen positive samples were selected for sequencing,and 9were successfully sequenced,they were all recombinant GⅡ.4Sydney＿2012 [P16]genotypes,forming an independent cluster,while in a large evolutionary branch with the 2020GⅡ.10 [P16]and 2019GⅡ.2 [P16]virus strains in Lanzhou city,showing a relative close genetic connection. Conclusions GⅡ.4Sydney＿2012[P16]genotype of norovirus is found to be causative pathogen of this outbreak,and close contact is the main reason of the outbreak and persistence of the infection,so asymptomatic infections of norovirus play an important role in the disease spreading.Therefore,public health management in nursing homes and other centralized nursing facilities should be strengthened especially for asymptomatic workers in order to prevent virus transmission.

Changes in norovirus incidence in Victoria, Australia, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020-2021.

There were 142 norovirus positive outbreaks in Victoria for the 2020-2021 calendar years; however, almost half of these (48.6%) occurred in Q1 (January-March) of 2021. For the two-year period, 69.0% of all norovirus positive outbreaks were in childcare settings, and the predominant genotype was GII.P16/GII.2 (64.9%) followed by GII.P31/GII.4_2012 (20.9%). Norovirus incidence was particularly low in 2020 (n = 26) and close to average in 2021 (n = 116), but genotype diversity was low in both years. With the thought that 2022 will approach a more normal aspect to socialising and travel, norovirus incidence in 2022 may be predicted to increase above typical levels.

Selection of suitable sugar beet genotypes for winter sowing (pending) in Torbat-e-Jam region

Introduction: Most areas under spring sugar beet cultivation face severe water restrictions and increasing the area under cultivation of this crop in most of these areas is contrary to the principle of conservation of water and soil resources. The use of new areas for winter sugar beet cultivation should be the area under cultivation of this crop in hot and dry areas. Therefore, winter sowing (pending) of sugar beet with emphasis on the limitations of the country's water resources has been proposed as a solution. Materials and Methods: In this study, the quantitative and qualitative yield of 16 sugar beet genotypes in winter planting were studied as a randomized complete block design with four replications in the Torbat-e-Jam region in the two cropping years (2020-2021 and 2021-2022). The studied genotypes included F-20739, F-20837, F-21083, SBSI-5, SBSI-15, SVZA 2019-JD389, SVZA 2019-JD0402, SVZA 2019-JD0400, SVZA 2019-JD0401, FDIR 19 B 3021, FDIR 19 B 4028, F-20591, SBSI-6, SBSI-16, SBSI-7 and SBSI-17 are the breeding populations obtained from the gene bank of the Sugar Beet Seed Breeding Research Institute. In this research, traits such as root yield, sugar content, sugar yield, white sugar yield, Na, K, N, alkalinity, molasses sugar, white sugar content, and extraction coefficient of sugar were measured. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.1 software. The analysis of variance on test data and comparison to the middle of the Duncan test was performed at the 5% level. Factor analysis was calculated to identify the main factors using MINITAB software. Cluster analysis of the studied genotypes was obtained after standardizing the data by the Ward method and using Euclidean distance criterion with the help of SPSS software. Results and Discussion: The results of the combined analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between different genotypes of sugar beet at the level of 1% probability for all studied traits except for nitrogen content. The mean comparison showed that the SBSI-15 genotype had the highest root yield (60.66 ton.ha). It should be noted that this genotype in terms of yield index traits did not show significantly different from genotypes F-20739, SBSI-15, SVZA 2019-JD389, SVZA 2019-JD0402, SVZA 2019-JD0400, SVZA 2019-JD0401, and FDIR 19 B 4028. Also, the F-20739 genotype had the highest amounts of sugar content (19.5%), white sugar content (16.3%) and extraction coefficient of sugar (83.2%) and the lowest amount of potassium (4.24 meq .100 g-1 of root weight) and Molasses sugar (2.7%). In addition, the highest sugar yield (10.69 t/ha) and white sugar yield (8.68 t/ha) were in FDIR 19 B 3021 genotype. Investigating the correlation of traits showed the highest positive and significant correlation was between sugar yield and white sugar yield (0.99**) and the highest negative and significant correlation was between extraction coefficient of sugar and molasses sugar (-0.95**). Principal factor analysis based on the mean of the traits identified three factors that accounted for a total of 91% of the variability between the data. SBSI-15, SVZA 2019-JD0398, SVZA 2019-JD0402, SVZA 2019-JD0400, SVZA 2019-JD0401, FDIR 19 B 3021, and FDIR 19 B 4028 genotypes are distinguished different from other genotypes and they were as superior genotypes in terms of yield index traits. The dendrogram generated from the cluster analysis for white sugar yield classified genotypes into three main groups.

Low disease incidence and cone bagging in Picea abies are associated with low genotypic diversity in Thekopsora areolata

Thekopsora areolata infects pistillate cones of Picea spp. with monokaryotic basidiospores in the spring. Receptive monokaryotic hyphae in the cones are fertilized by monokaryotic spermatia in the summer, and dikaryotic aecia are produced in cones in late summer. Infected cones produce no fertile seeds, meaning the disease causes large reductions in seed production. To understand the seasonal variation of T. areolata genotypic diversity, 548 aecia from 55 infected cones were sampled from multiple seed orchards in 2015, 2019 and 2020. Cone bagging experiments were performed during two seasons to investigate the sexual reproduction of T. areolata. In addition to the published simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers, we developed 10 new polymorphic SSR markers to improve the resolution of population genetic analysis. Aecia were genotyped with 18 SSR markers in total. In 2015, when disease incidence was high in the seed orchards, the T. areolata populations had high genotypic diversity (H = 4.69). In 2019 and 2020, when disease incidence was low, the T. areolata populations had lower genotypic diversity (H = 3.88 and 3.85) and several cones were dominated by a single multilocus genotype. The genotypic diversity of T. areolata in a recently established seed orchard was exceptionally low (H = 2.01). Seven bagged cones that were infected produced either aecial primordia or aecia with lower diversity than exposed cones. The results indicate that cross‐fertilization is important for sexual reproduction and aecia formation of T. areolata, and genotypic diversity of T. areolata increased with higher disease prevalence. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Plant Pathology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Genotyping, virulence genes and drug resistance of MRSA strains isolated from skin and soft tissue infection in Tianjin

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyze the genotyping, virulence genes and drug-resistant genes of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from skin and soft tissue infections in this area. METHODS: The skin secretions of 204 patients with skin and soft tissue infections in the Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin between Jan. 2019 and Dec. 2020 were collected, and MRSA strains identified as non-repetitive strains were isolated. The Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and Staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) genotyping and Panton-valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene carrying status were analyzed among the MRSA strains, and their relationship with drug resistance was analyzed. RESULTS: Totally 82 strains of S. aureus were isolated from the skin secretions of 204 patients with skin and soft tissue infections, including 44 strains of MRSA (53.66%). The most common SCCmec genotype was genotype III (accounting for 84.09%) and the most common spa genotype was genotype t030 (accounting for 84.09%). PVL genes encoding virulence factors were amplified in 5 strains (11.36%). The drug resistance rates of 44 MRSA strains to vancomycin and compound sulfamethoxazole were 0.00%, and all the strains were drug-resistant to penicillin. Different SCCmec and spa genotypes were highly resistant to erythromycin, cefazolin, clindamycin and levofloxacin, but the differences in drug resistance rates of different SCCmec genotypes to clindamycin and levofloxacin were significant (P < 0.05). The resistance rates of strains with PVL positive genes to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and tetracycline were significantly higher than those with PVL negative genes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Strains carrying SCCmec III and spa t030 genotypes may be the dominant strains of MRSA in skin and soft tissue infections in this area. Spa genotypes and PVL gene have certain impact on drug resistance of MRSA, and the isolated MRSA strains are all sensitive to vancomycin and compound sulfamethoxazole, which can provide a reference for anti-MRSA treatment in this area.

Additional considerations for assessing COVID-19 impact on dengue transmission

This article reported an astounding drop in dengue risk in 2020 attributable to public health and social measures during the pandemic. Taking population immunity into account, this study acknowledged how the unprecedented dengue burden of 2019 might have driven high immunity to dengue in 2020. This study also mentioned idiosyncrasies in the model that could not be explained. Moreover, it also adds possible considerations of (1) administrative delays and (2) genotype-replacement events driving the 2019 epidemics affecting conclusions drawn from the model. Therefore, the greatest dengue year on record in 2019, in terms of incidence, be treated as unique in that it was probably fuelled by viral evolutionary events resulting in genotype replacements and might falsely augment the differential dengue virus burden between a higher-than-usual 6-year mean dengue incidence (inclusive of 2019) versus the comparison year of 2020. From an academic standpoint, this study would be curious to see how the model would perform if the outlier year of 2019 were removed.

Comparative genetic features of S1 gene from six Massachusetts and variant avian 2 infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in Iran

Infectious bronchitis (IB) disease, avian Infectious Bronchitis disease in one of the major cause of respiratory problems and economic loss in poultry industry, even in developed countries with good biosecurity practice. Since the first isolation of the virus in 1931, a lot of serotypes and genotypes of the virus have been reported around the world. The GI-1 lineage, including Massachusetts (Mass) serotype viruses, is one of the most widely spread types worldwide. Moreover, the GI-23 lineage with a growing incidence rate was reported approximately 20 years ago in the Middle East, with no or little homologues vaccine use. The genotype was previously restricted to the Middle East;now, there is evidence that it has spread to European countries, raising concerns regarding potential outbreaks. In the present study, our attempt was to phylogenetically analyze the S1 gene of six isolates from Massachusetts and variant 2 genotypes, which were isolated from broiler and broiler breeder flocks in Iran. The variant 2 viruses were compared to other reported variant 2 viruses from neighboring countries and they had more than 98% identity with the latest reported Iranian variant 2. In addition, Three Mass type viruses were similar to vaccine strains which may be shows continuous circulation of vaccine viruses in the field. This event can cause increasing the risk of their mutation or even reversion to virulence after several passages in natural host, furthermore circulating viruses may recombinant with virulent field viruses and cause emergence of new variants. Considering the variable nature of IB viruses in which few changes lead to important differences, continuous epidemiological surveillance along with clinical studies of new isolates, are crucial to a better understanding of their pathogenicity and subsequent disease control.

Complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in India

Emergence of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants with altered tissue tropism and host range has been reported from different parts of the world. Little is known about the different IBV variants existing and emerging in India. To explore the same, an IBV isolate, namely B17 isolated from backyard chicken in Tamil Nadu was used in the present study. The complete genome of B17 was sequenced and its phylogenetic relationship with the existing vaccine strain genotypes was analysed. The phylogenetic analysis of both S1 gene and complete genome sequence grouped B17 under Mass41 genotype comprising of M41, Beaudette, H120 and H120 variant with bootstrap value of 95-100%. Further, genomic analysis of B17 revealed the possibilities of emergence of the same from H120 vaccine strain through mutations at various genes.

Genetic and hormonal mechanisms underlying sex-specific immune responses in tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB), the world's deadliest bacterial infection, afflicts more human males than females, with a male/female (M/F) ratio of 1.7. Sex disparities in TB prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations are widely reported, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely undefined. This review assesses epidemiological data on sex disparity in TB, as well as possible underlying hormonal and genetic mechanisms that might differentially modulate innate and adaptive immune responses in males and females, leading to sex differences in disease susceptibility. We consider whether this sex disparity can be extended to the efficacy of vaccines and discuss novel animal models which may offer mechanistic insights. A better understanding of the biological factors underpinning sex-related immune responses in TB may enable sex-specific personalized therapies for TB.

Detection and molecular characterization of canine Coronavirus in dogs with lower respiratory tract infection

Coronaviruses in the family Coronaviridae cause digestive and respiratory system infections in humans and animals. There are two subtypes of canine coronaviruses (CCoV), which are included in the alfacoronavirus, as CCoV I and CCoV II. CCoV-II is divided into two genotypes, CCoV-IIa and IIb. Although CCoV affects dogs of all ages and all diets, newborn puppies can be particularly susceptible and severely affected. According to the literature research, no molecular studies have been found in our country for the detection of canine coronavirus, especially in lower respiratory tract infections. In this study, it was aimed to detect and molecular characterization of CCoV un shelter dogs with lower respiratory tract infection. For this purpose, Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) fluids taken from 40 shelter dogs with lower respiratory tract infections were examined. CCoV was detected in 3 of the BAL fluids of 40 dogs tested. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the sequences obtained after the sequence analysis. It was determined that 2 of the 3 positive samples in the phylogenetic tree were CCoV-I and one sample was CCoV-II. In conclusion, this study revealed that CCoV-I and CCoV-II may play a role in lower respiratory system disorders of shelter dogs. In addition, the detection of two different CCoVs in different animals in the same shelter has been considered as an important data, and the detection of both types in dogs housed in crowded environments such as shelter conditions shows that the possibility of new variants or subtypes that may occur in the future should not be ignored.

Identification and molecular characteristics of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from Shanxi Province

Chicken infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the epidemic diseases that cause severe economic loss to poultry industry and induced by the infection of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). IBV was prone to mutation and recombination due to its genomic characteristics, resulting in new antigenic variants. In order to understand the prevalence and variation of IBV in Shanxi province and provide reference for IB epidemic prevention and control in this area, tissues of a broiler flock suspected of respiratory virus infection were collected in Jinzhong city, Shanxi province. Through PCR identification, chicken embryo inoculation, and sequencing verification, an IBV strain was isolated and named CK/Shanxi-01/2021. On the basis of S1 gene sequencing, the sequence was compared with those of the representative IBV strains of different genotypes deposited in NCBI database, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. The results of genetic evolution analysis showed that the IBV strain isolated in this study was belonged to GI-19 genotype. The sequence alignment of CK/Shanxi-01/2021 with common IBV vaccine strains H120, M41, H52, 4/91, and LDT3-A showed that the nucleotide homology between the isolated strain and the current common vaccine strain was 78.1%-85.2%, and the amino acid homology was only 75.2%-78.4%. Compared with the sequences of GI-19 genotype strains, some new mutations, including V68I, S120A, A271T, N282T, and N291S, were identified in the S1 protein hypervariable region(HVR). Therefore, it is of great significance for the prevention and control of IB epidemic to strengthen the epidemiological monitoring of IBV and timely grasp the current epidemic IBV genotype and its variation characteristics.

Agronomic performance of camelina genotypes selected for seed yield and quality characteristics in eastern China

Camelina [ Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] has gained extensive attention in Europe and North America as a potential dietary oil and biofuel feedstock. It is a relatively new crop in Asia (e.g., China, Korea). There is great potential for the cropping of camelina in eastern China on marginal lands where the climatic conditions (e.g., cooler temperature) may be suitable for cultivating this crop. However, little has been done to evaluate its agronomic performance in eastern China. To address this, a three-year (2019–2021) field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fall and spring seeding dates on seed yield and quality of sixteen spring camelina genotypes across the three different growing environments in eastern China and to select potentially high-yielding genotypes for fall or spring seeding with the suitable seeding dates for each growing environment. The study showed that fall seeding camelina between late Oct. and the third week of Nov. in eastern China, including Anyang, Qingdao, and Yangzhou, produced a sustainable and satisfactory seed and oil yield (mean across genotypes, locations, and years: 2372 and 921 kg ha−1, respectively). While spring seeding between mid- and the end of April at Qingdao showed a lower productive performance (mean seed and oil yield across genotypes: 1081 and 373 kg ha−1, respectively), it still provides an alternative option for the production of high-quality edible oil compared to other oilseed crops such as soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Although the strong genotype × environment interactions showed, among the tested camelina genotypes, fall seeding camelina accessions of CamK9, CamC2, and CamC4 at the suitable seeding dates showed a consistently greater mean seed yield (range: 1648–3170 kg ha−1) and oil yield (747–1368 kg ha−1) in all test locations compared to other genotypes. At the suitable fall seeding dates, mean seed oil content and yield across the tested genotypes and locations were 43.5% (range: 39.0–48.9%) and 856 kg ha−1 (range: 161–1489 ha−1), respectively, with the highest mean oil content of 45.9% determined at Yangzhou (range: 43.6–48.9%) and the highest mean seed yield of 2539 kg ha−1 at Qingdao (range: 1365–3501 kg ha−1). The camelina genotypes indicated would be good candidates for large-scale cropping in eastern China and other parts of the world with similar climatic conditions. • Sixteen spring camelina genotypes selected for fall and spring seeding were evaluated. • Three camelina genotypes best adapted to fall seeding in eastern China compared to other genotypes. • Suitable seeding date for fall seeding camelina in eastern China: late Oct.–third week of Nov. • Two camelina genotypes were suitable for spring seeding in mid-April at Qingdao. • Camelina has the potential for large-scale on marginal lands of eastern China. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Industrial Crops & Products is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Naturally occurring resistance-associated variants to NS3/4A protease and NS5A inhibitors in patients with HIV/HCV co-infection or HCV infection alone. (Theme Issue: Diagnosis and treatment of liver failure in children.) [Chinese]

Objective: To investigate the difference in naturally occurring resistance-associated variants (RAVs) between the patients with HIV/HCV co-infection and those with HCV infection alone by detecting the drug resistance loci associated with HCV NS3/4A protease and NS5A inhibitors.

The seasonal and demographic trends of national cervical cancer screening program: the effects of COVID 19 pandemic

Objective: Worldwide applied national HPV screening programmes are the most efficient, reliable and cost-effective method in prevention of cervical cancer by detecting persistent HPV infection before the formation of precancerous lesions. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the screening percentages, screening numbers based on districts, HPV percentage in women enrolled for screening and the distribution of HPV genotypes in Nigde. The secondary aim is to investigate the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on HPV screening program.

Scheduling optimization of emergency supplies with multi-supply points based on variable length genotype genetic algorithm.

How to dispatch emergency supplies timely and efficiently and reduce the damage caused by emergencies has become the focus of social attention. On the premise of considering the characteristics of special emergencies such as the epidemic situation of COVID-19, this paper constructed a kind of emergency supplies scheduling network of multi-supply points and multimodal transportation. Taking the lowest transportation cost, the least time penalty and the minimum risk of infection of dispatchers as the optimization objectives, it established a kind of multi-objective optimal scheduling model. In view of the limitation of the optimization algorithm based on clustering in solving multi-supply points, especially multi-objective scheduling optimization problems, the paper proposed a kind of hybrid niche genetic algorithm for variable length genotypes considering the idea of full feasible regions, which could avoid the problem above by restoring the search range of the solution to the fully feasible regions. The experiment results of 23 benchmark instances show that the optimization performance of the algorithm is stronger and it can search better solutions than best-known solutions of some examples. On this basis, the simulation results of four kinds of genetic algorithms in emergency supplies scheduling examples of multi-supply points and multimodal transportation come to a conclusion that the improved strategies such as hybrid niche are superior. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] 如何及时、高效地调度应急物资以减小突发事件带来的伤害成为社会关注的焦点问题。在综合考虑新 冠肺炎疫情这类特殊突发事件特点的前提下, 构建了一类多供应点多式联运应急物资调度网络, 并以运输成本 最低、时间惩罚最少、配送员被感染风险最小为优化目标建立了一类多目标调度优化模型。考虑到基于聚类思 想的优化算法在解决多供应点, 尤其是多目标调度优化问题中缩减可行域方法科学性存疑的局限性, 提出了一 类考虑完全可行域思想的变长基因型混合小生境遗传算法, 并借助 ２３个基准测试实例验证了这一算法的有效 性, 更新了部分实例的现有最优解。在此基础上, 通过比较多供应点应急物资多式联运算例中四类遗传算法的 仿真结果进一步验证了混合小生境等改进策略的优越性。 (Chinese) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Application Research of Computers / Jisuanji Yingyong Yanjiu is the property of Application Research of Computers Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)