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Against the backdrop of global trends, the main directions, methodological approaches, and the most striking research results in the field of geopolitics and political geography in 2011–2021 are considered. Political geography is being widely integrated with adjacent scientific areas. Russian political geography and, to a much lesser extent, geopolitics are based on a wide range of concepts known in world literature. Researchers in these areas are promptly responding to current foreign policy and other challenges, including the coronavirus pandemic. Particular attention is being paid to geopolitical publications about the pivot of Russian foreign policy to the East and the Greater Eurasia concept. Since the 2010s, the theory of critical geopolitics has become more widespread in Russia, operating not with speculative reasoning, but with large amounts of information analyzed by modern quantitative methods. The flow of studies of state borders and frontiers is growing. In such publications, a large place is occupied by works devoted to the growing gradients in the pace and directions of economic development between former USSR countries. Shifts in the topic of border studies are associated with the deeper study of security issues. Many works reflect the desire to preserve the positive experience of cross-border cooperation between Russian and European partners in a deteriorating environment. The greatest number of Russian publications on regionalization at different spatial levels involve the Baltic Basin. There is a growing body of research on territorial conflicts and separatism. Russian geographers and representatives of related sciences have made a significant contribution to studying the problems of uncontrolled territories and unrecognized (partially recognized) post-Soviet states. Conflicts around unrecognized (partially recognized) states in the post-Soviet space are considered in relation to their internal differences, complex composition, vicissitudes of formation and identity of the population, influence on neighboring regions of Russia and in historical retrospect. © Russian Academy of Sciences. All Rights Reserved.
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The chapter contains a study of the impact of the new coronavirus pandemic 2019–2020 on the business activity of economic entities of the EAEU and BRICS jurisdictions in the implementation of foreign trade activities. The authors note the need and highlight the opportunities for wider and more intensive use of digital technologies of Industry 4.0 in the legal regulation of export–import transactions between the parties-residents of the member states of integration associations with the participation of the Russian Federation. The authors substantiate that in modern realities, infectious epidemiological risks are considered not as a force majeure circumstance but as restrictions on the collective work of employees of companies, including foreign trade commercial organizations. The authors argue that this pandemic set of legal procedures for the wider and more intensive use of digital technologies in Industry 4.0 should be enshrined in the provisions of the international convention, which countries participating in integration associations will be able to join, thereby ensuring the entry into force of the relevant regulatory provisions in their jurisdictions. The authors propose several legal procedures for wider and more intensive use of digital technologies of Industry 4.0 in the implementation of foreign economic transactions, which launched and implemented after the announcement of the next pandemic by the World Health Organization. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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Bilateral divergent fracture dislocations of the shoulder are very rare. Caution with regards to seizure development in COVID-19 patients must be taken to avoid such injuries. This is the case of a male COVID-19 patient who sustained hyponatremia-induced seizure that resulted in bilateral divergent shoulder fracture dislocations. The patient suffered a lesser tuberosity fracture on his left shoulder which was posteriorly dislocated, and a greater tuberosity fracture on his right, which was anteriorly dislocated. The patient underwent bilateral open reduction and internal fixation, with suture anchor fixation for the lesser tuberosity fracture on the left side, and a proximal humerus locking plate for the greater tuberosity fracture on the right side. Education on postoperative complications and expectations were provided to the patient.
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Introduction: the study of the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 makes it possible to determine risk groups in specific populations and to outline strategies by the institutions to improve the quality of care for these patients. Background: to characterize patients with COVID-19 in Pinar del Rio between March 2020 and March 2021. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the province of Pinar del Rio between March 2020 and March 2021. The sample consisted of 450 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: female patients predominated (56%), with a history of arterial hypertension (24,6%). A high incidence of COVID was found in individuals with between two and five chronic non-communicable diseases (40,2%). Of all patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 49% were passive smokers. Conclusions: COVID-19 occurred mainly in patients with several chronic diseases, as well as in those exposed.
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Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to highlight the involvement of the facial nerve as one of the presenting symptoms in patients suspected of coronavirus disease associated mucormycosis (CAM). Methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care referral centre which included 300 patients with past history of being treated for coronavirus disease and who presented to our department with symptoms of invasive fungal sinusitis. All the patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically for presence of facial nerve palsy (FNP) in suspected cases of CAM. All the patients were managed with combined modality treatment with antifungal therapy and radical endoscopic debridement of the necrotic tissue and fungal debris. Results: The data were analysed to assess the possible epidemiological factors linked to CAM. Diabetes mellitus was the most common associated factor identified for aggravating of CAM. FNP is also one of the common presentation seen among 53 patients with CAM. Conclusion: FNP is an unusual but significant sign in presentation of mucormycosis. It could be easily misdiagnosed as cerebrovascular accident leading to delay in the treatment. During this era of Covid-19 pandemic where wearing of masks has become mandatory, there is a high probability of this finding to be missed. Thus, our study emphasises for thorough cranial nerve examination in all cases of CAM, for an early and an immediate intervention to prevent the spread of the disease and also to improve the overall general condition of the patient.
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To end the new COVID-19 pandemic, most of the world's population needs to be immune to the virus, protecting individuals from infection, and ultimately ensuring herd immunity at the population level. A variety of COVID-19 vaccines have been developed worldwide for adults and children over the age of 12 years, and the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing symptomatic diseases and hospitalization is being studied. One of the major obstacles to COVID-19 vaccination that has emerged along with the global immunization program is vaccine hesitation or disapproval. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported vaccine hesitation as one of the 10 global health threats of 2019. This is also related to COVID-19. The present review, explore the current evidence on COVID-19 vaccination platforms and vaccination efficacy, safety, and adverse effects among strategic sub-populations, including elderly people, people with chronic disease (diabetes, cancer), pregnant and lactating women, children, youth, and vaccination willingness or hesitancy among the target population.
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Wearing a face mask within public spaces can prevent COVID-19 infection. However, a considerable number of people continue not to wear a face mask in public spaces. This study uses data from 1054 urban respondents in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan area to investigate wearing a face mask inside public spaces. Results from a binary logistic regression model indicate that respondents who agreed (yes) that wearing a face mask evokes emotional feelings were more likely (OR = 1.73;95% CI = 1.16-2.59) to wear a face mask in public spaces than their counterparts who disagreed that wearing a face mask evokes emotional feelings. Results call for the need to raise awareness about face mask wearing and its efficacy to prevent COVID-19 infection. Our findings also call for integration of psychosocial support into programming on prevention and response to COVID-19 to particularly address the emotional aspects related to face mask wearing. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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Introduction: universal neonatal hearing screening is a test that enables to identify or suspect hearing loss, performed via habilitation or rehabilitation plan. Background: determine the coverage of universal hearing screening in the epidemiological context of COVID-19 in Guantanamo province, during the period of march 2020 to march 2021. Method: a descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 5 999 newborns (as Universe) were involved in the study. Variables used were as follow: sex, newborns with or without risk factors, and otoacoustic emissions, which outcomes allowed for the evaluation of universal hearing screening coverage. The standard indicator (95%) and the time at which the first otoacoustic emissions were made were defined. The percentage of newborns detected before one month of life was established as indicator. Results: the 51.1% of the 5 999 newborns were male and 48.3% were female. The 100% of newborns (5 838) without risk factors underwent to the first examination, meanwhile, among those with risk factors (151 newborns) 0.2% (10) could not be tested. Screening of newborns without factors occurred between 1 and 3 days after birth. Screening was never performed after 30 days of birth in those who presented risk factors. Coverage was 99.8% and the reference rate was 0.2%. Conclusions: Universal Hearing Screening Program application in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in Guantanamo province shows a fulfillment in the coverage indicator.
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This conference proceedings contains 15 articles that discuss various topics in the fields of medicine, psychology, and technology. The articles focus on the adaptation and validation of psychological scales, the effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological health, the development of biomedical applications, and the evaluation of obstetric risks during the pandemic. It also covers topics related to family influence on child development, coping strategies for infertile couples, and the antioxidant potential of natural products. The pedagogical works included in the proceedings focus on neuropsychological interventions and vulnerability to successful aging and mental health. A literature review delves into the theoretical considerations regarding the study of family, self-determination, and disability in health contexts.
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The focus of this research is to identify the dynamics of regional economic development through digital trends towards tourist visits and the promotion of tourist destinations in the Lake Toba area during the F1 Powerboat World Championship (F1H2O) event on Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Through the conduct of online research methods (ORMs) in diagnosing digital social issues and trends regarding the events, the results show that there was an effort to maximize the increase in regional economic development, by utilizing the potential and attractiveness of holding the F1 Powerboat as part of sports tourism. As an event aims to spur the movement of domestic tourists to super-priority destination areas, the implementation of the F1 Powerboat event is not only a driving force in the recovery and improvement of the local economy after the COVID-19 Pandemic, but also a venue for the promotion of other tourist destinations in North Sumatra. However, the positive impacts of this event organization on sustainable economic growth in the surrounding areas is not without reservations. The event has received some negative feedback, which include the problems of event preparation and implementation, and also the limited awareness of local community tourism. This research suggests that in order to achieve sustainable regional development and urban resilience, the future organization of sport tourism events should not only focus on the economic objectives, but also on the other aspects including socio-cultural and environmental perspectives. © 2023 by the authors.
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Introduction: ending 2019, the first reported cases of Covid-19 broke out in Wuhan, China. This disease may affect directly the cardiovascular system or predispose it to be infected by the SARS-CoV-2. Background: to identify the cardiometabolic predictive factors for mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 from Santiago de Cuba city in the period May 2020 throughout May 2021. Method: an analytical cohort study was carried out. It was a co-operative research that involved professionals from the Internal Medicine and Intensive Care Services at the Hospital Clinico Quirurgico "Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo", as well as professionals from the Direccion Municipal de Salud in Santiago de Cuba city. A sample of 120 patients was selected for the identification of cardiometabolic predictive factors for mortality. Data analysis was based on the performance of a multivariate model (multivariate logistic regression). Results: throughout the hospitalization period 15 diseases were reported. Female sex was predominant but statistically we can't associate to the deaths these two gender variables. However, age over 60 years, the arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and, in a high rank, the vascular involvement, were observed in a strongly association with mortality (p=0.0001). Conclusions: this research allowed the identification of cardiometabolic predictive factors for mortality in COVID-19, where age over 60 years, vascular involvement (cardiogenic shock), hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the main causal factors in the pathophysiological and statistical explanation of mortality.
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Introduction: during the COVID-19 pandemic, new safety measures were implemented in all sectors. However, the Maxillofacial Surgery specialty kept on, where emergency patients were not left unattended. Background: to characterize the maxillofacial emergencies attended at the Hospital Clinico Quirurgico Docente "Celia Sanchez Manduley" in Manzanillo, during the COVID-19 related epidemiological situation. Methods: an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was applied on 358 patients in the period between September 2020 and April 2021. The variables studied were as follow: age groups, sex, month when patients were attended, maxillofacial emergency's motive, therapeutic behavior and patients with COVID-19 related symptoms. Results: the most affected age group was 60 (22.6%), with predominance in male sex (54.2%). Most patients were attended in November and December (20.3%), the predominated maxillofacial emergencies were those associated to maxillofacial trauma (31.8%), followed by facial cellulitis (23.7%). In terms of treatment, the highest percentage of conservative treatment was associated with the medicamentation (88.3%), while wound suturing practice predominated in surgical treatment (18.2%). The symptom with the highest incidence was fever (3.4%). The 61.5% of the maxillofacial surgeons were infected with COVID-19. Conclusions: maxillofacial emergencies are more frequent in males;maxillofacial trauma and facial cellulitis predominate. The maxillofacial surgery service is vulnerable to the coronavirus infection.
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Introduction: post-COVID-19 syndrome is the set of signs and symptoms that develop during or after an infection compatible with COVID-19, that persist for more than 12 weeks and are not explained by an alternative diagnosis. Background: to characterize the clinical-epidemiological behavior of the post-COVID-19 syndrome in patients at the Andres Ortiz Polyclinic. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional observational study was carried out from October to December 2021, in a population of 51 subjects that was studied in its entirety. The analysis was descriptive. Results: patients with 50-59 years (n = 20;39.2%), female (n = 32;62.7%) predominated. The most frequently affected organ system was the respiratory (n = 19;37.2%), while the symptoms were: chronic fatigue (n = 15;29.4%), shortness of breath (n = 11;21.5%) and cough (n = 8, 15.6%). Among the patients with respiratory (n = 30), cardiovascular (n = 24) and neurological (n = 10) diseases, the most frequent were, respectively: pulmonary fibrosis (n = 17;56.7%), cardiac arrhythmias (n = 11;45.8%) and peripheral neuropathies (n = 5;50%). Conclusions: post-COVID-19 syndrome occurred mainly between the ages of 50 and 59, in female patients, with symptoms of chronic fatigue, shortness of breath and cough, as well as pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac arrhythmias and peripheral neuropathies as main comorbidities.
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Introduction: COVID-19 does not distinguish between age, race or sex. Children and young people constitute a sector of the population that does not escape this reality. Background: to design an educational intervention aimed at raising awareness and preparedness about COVID-19 in adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, admitted to Facultad de Ciencias Medicas de Guantanamo isolation center for suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2. Method: between January 2021 and March 2021, an experimental study of an educational intervention type was carried out. The population was made up of adolescents admitted in the center, all included in the aforementioned age range. A total of 97 intentionally selected adolescents were included in the study. Inquires about the level of information they had on the subject were made, before and after applying the educational intervention. Results: before the implementation of the educational intervention, 50.5% of the adolescents expressed having an insufficient level of information regarding COVID-19, and this proportion decreased to 21.6% after applying it;which meant a 57.2% reduction in adolescents with theoretical deficiencies regarding the subject. The percentage that increased their preparation was 36.9% (p <0.05), which indicated the advantage of implementing the educational intervention. Conclusions: the educational intervention aimed at adolescents suspected of SARS-Cov-2 infection makes it possible to improve knowledge regarding COVID-19.
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Pregnant women generally constitute a group at high risk of infectious diseases due to gestational immunological and physiological changes in their system. That is why the objective of this work is to analyze the implications of the physiological changes of pregnancy in SARS-CoV-2 disease. Physiological changes in pregnant women not only increase their susceptibility to the virus, but also increase the severity of the disease. Changes in the respiratory and immune systems, the role of the placenta in coagulation, and the function of endothelial cells are the physiological changes that most influence the disease. The decrease in lung capacity and the variations that occur in the immune system represent new treatment challenges for pregnant women with COVID-19 disease and therefore new areas of research limited so far.
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Introduction: at present, one of the world's problems it is the health situation. Cuba is not an exception, and the behavior of infestation due to the new outbreak of COVID-19 that is occurring at national level is a great concern. Background: to provide some didactic and pedagogical reflections as part of an adequate school environment that make possible the correct preparation of faculty to teach students in health knowledge and thus mitigating the progressive spread of COVID-19. Method: It was conducted a research at the Universidad de Guantanamo, Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de Guantanamo, and the Instituto Politecnico Agricola de Yateras, from April 2020 throughout January 2021. A total of 30 professors and 30 students (as universe) were involved in this research (10 of each institution). The main variable used was the level of preparation of faculty in school environment and health education. Results: the indicators obtained made it possible to develop the measurement instruments. A qualitative data analysis was made attending to: data reduction, layout and transformation data, as well as the obtained outcomes and conclusions verified. Conclusions: the didactic and pedagogical reflections offered are materialized in a set of guidelines with a methodological approach that guide faculty staff and help to create a positive school environment to strengthen students' health education, based on an exhaustive analysis of the components in the teaching process.
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Background: Spondyloptosis is caused by high force trauma. The vast majority of cases occur in the sagittal plane and at transition points where ridged sections meet more flexible regions. Lateral thoracic spondyloptosis is extremely rare and there is no current consensus on the optimal treatment plan. Case Description: Here we present a case of a previously physically healthy 24-year-old polytrauma patient after he was struck as a pedestrian by a motor vehicle. Of note the patient was found to have lateral spondyloptosis between T9-10 with complete spinal cord transection. The patient also sustained multi-ligamentous left knee injury, pelvic fractures, open comminuted left tibia and fibular fracture, lacerated liver, bilateral renal lacerations, ischemic bowel, and an aortic arch pseudoaneurysm. Conclusion(s): Lateral thoracic spondyloptosis is a devastating injury with an extreme rate of persistent neurologic deficits. There is no unanimously accepted treatment because of the rarity if the injury and the poor outcomes that patients face. Additionally, patients who experience high level trauma often develop severe psychiatric illness, and the importance of identifying risk factors and implementing care early may improve patient outcomes.Copyright © AME Medical Journal.
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Introduction: the value of oxygen as a prognostic maker of mortality due to COVID-19 pneumonia has not been evaluated at the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto". Background: to identify the values of oxygenation markers for prognosing mortality caused by COVID-19 pneumonia at the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantanamo, Cuba, throughout period 2020-2021. Method: a cohort of 276 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was studied. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), the difference between the oxygen concentration in the alveoli and arterial system (DA-aO2), arterial oxygen pressure ratio (PaO2) and inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) [PaO2/FiO2] were studied. The association between variables and deceased discharge was determined using the Chi-square technique and the Odds Ratio (OR) calculation. Results: the variable with the highest positive predictive value was SpO2 (87.3%) with a value lower than 90 mmHg at admission. The highest negative predictive value was recorded for the DA-aO2 variable (95.6%), less than 20 mmHg at 48 hours after admission. Attributable risk was higher for PaO2/FiO2 ratio, less than 300 mmHg (0.59), at admission (0.52). Attributable risk percent was higher for the variable DA-aO2 20 mmHg at admission (95.8%) and at 48 hours after admission (95.3%). Conclusions: abnormal DA-aO2, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, SaO2 and SpO2, at admission and 48 hours after admission, are predictive markers of mortality in patients with COVID-19.
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Introduction: The health workers are one of the most prone to becoming infected with COVID-19, due to their exposure during their relationship with patients. Background: To determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in workers of the Pediatric Hospital of Camaguey in the period from January to December 2021. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in a universe of 238 workers with a polymerase chain reaction-confirmed diagnosis during the aforementioned period;registered in a database. The variables studied included age group, sex, occupational category, service of origin, clinical manifestations, quarter of the year, and possible source of infection. The data were processed using the statistical program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), version 25.0, on a Pentium IV computer. Informed consent and the bioethical principles of confidentiality of information were taken into account in the research. Results: The female sex predominated (54.7%) at ages 50-59 years. They were mostly nursing staff (29.4%), infected during the third trimester (39.9%) in the community (59.3%), presenting symptoms such as nasal discharge (32.8%) and fever (17.6%), working in the pediatric medicine wards (28.2%). Conclusions: Despite the difficult epidemiological situation, the main source of infection was the community. There were no institutional transmission events and there were no deaths.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant global changes, and one of the most affected sectors is the tourism industry. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the impacts of the pandemic on tourism by comparing the spatial economic classification before and during the pandemic using four analyses, namely the regional Klassen Typology, sector approach, the Location Quotient (LQ), and Shift-Share Analysis. The processed information is secondary data from the Central Statistical Agency of Karo Regency and North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This area is one of the mainstay areas of the national economy and part of the Lake Toba Super Priority Destination. The obtained results showed that the tourism sector was classified among the fast-growing and uncompetitive sectors before the pandemic. However, during the crisis, it became a slow-growing and competitive sector. © 2022 WITPress. All rights reserved.