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BACKGROUND: Notifications to the Norwegian Institute of Public Health of outbreaks in Norwegian healthcare institutions are mandatory by law, but under-reporting is suspected due to failure to identify clusters, or because of human or system-based factors. This study aimed to establish and describe a fully automatic, register-based surveillance system to identify clusters of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals and compare these with outbreaks notified through the mandated outbreak system Vesuv. METHODS: We used linked data from the emergency preparedness register Beredt C19, based on the Norwegian Patient Registry and the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases. We tested two different algorithms for HAI clusters, described their size and compared them with outbreaks notified through Vesuv. RESULTS: A total of 5033 patients were registered with an indeterminate, probable, or definite HAI. Depending on the algorithm, our system detected 44 or 36 of the 56 officially notified outbreaks. Both algorithms detected more clusters then officially reported (301 and 206, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to use existing data sources to establish a fully automatic surveillance system identifying clusters of SARS-CoV-2. Automatic surveillance can improve preparedness through earlier identification of clusters of HAIs, and by lowering the workloads of infection control specialists in hospitals.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cross Infection , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Hospitals , Norway/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Background: The study is devoted to the impact of a new coronavirus infection in combination with other diseases on the hospitalization outcomes. Features of mortality in the population during COVID-19 pandemic, including from blood circulatory system diseases, have been studied. However, there are few studies based on the large amount of data on the cases and outcomes of providing specialized high-tech medical care to patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19. Objective: The analysis of impact of a new coronavirus infection on the outcomes of hospitalization for circulatory system diseases. Material and methods: Information about more than 350 thousand cases of hospitalization of patients with blood circulatory system diseases in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has been analyzed, of which in 1875 cases a concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19 was established. The sources of information are the depersonalized registers of compulsory health insurance accounts. For assessment of the obtained data methods of descriptive statistics, simple (unweighted) arithmetic mean values, mean values, specific weights of indicator values, a mean square (standard) deviation from mean values were used. The analysis and descriptive part of the work were carried out by means of the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software package. Results: The outcomes of hospitalization of patients with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were significantly worse than in other patients. Moreover, the frequency of lethal outcomes increases significantly in correlation with the age of patients and does not depend on the choice of treatment method – surgical or therapeutic. Conclusion: COVID-19 significantly complicates provision of medical care in conditions of the round-the-clock hospital for blood circulatory system diseases. The risks of surgical interventions for circulatory system diseases in combination with COVID-19 are as high as with the use of therapeutic technologies. It is necessary to unify the indications and contraindications to surgical treatment of conditions related to acute coronary syndrome in cases of the presence of such concomitant pathology as COVID-19. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
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Background: The study is devoted to the impact of a new coronavirus infection in combination with other diseases on the hospitalization outcomes. Features of mortality in the population during COVID-19 pandemic, including from blood circulatory system diseases, have been studied. However, there are few studies based on the large amount of data on the cases and outcomes of providing specialized high-tech medical care to patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19. Objective: The analysis of impact of a new coronavirus infection on the outcomes of hospitalization for circulatory system diseases. Material and methods: Information about more than 350 thousand cases of hospitalization of patients with blood circulatory system diseases in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has been analyzed, of which in 1875 cases a concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19 was established. The sources of information are the depersonalized registers of compulsory health insurance accounts. For assessment of the obtained data methods of descriptive statistics, simple (unweighted) arithmetic mean values, mean values, specific weights of indicator values, a mean square (standard) deviation from mean values were used. The analysis and descriptive part of the work were carried out by means of the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software package. Results: The outcomes of hospitalization of patients with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were significantly worse than in other patients. Moreover, the frequency of lethal outcomes increases significantly in correlation with the age of patients and does not depend on the choice of treatment method – surgical or therapeutic. Conclusion: COVID-19 significantly complicates provision of medical care in conditions of the round-the-clock hospital for blood circulatory system diseases. The risks of surgical interventions for circulatory system diseases in combination with COVID-19 are as high as with the use of therapeutic technologies. It is necessary to unify the indications and contraindications to surgical treatment of conditions related to acute coronary syndrome in cases of the presence of such concomitant pathology as COVID-19. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
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During any emergency, a donation is considered a moral responsibility all over the globe. The lack of transparency and oversight in charity donations hurts people’s enthusiasm to donate. Donors are distrustful about how their funds are utilized. The use of blockchain technology (BCT) will provide a solution to make the donation procedure more viable. It is a distributed technology that offers a secure and transparent environment by avoiding the involvement of third parties between contributors and charities. This article proposed a blockchain-based donation mechanism for the convenience of charity organizations, donors, and beneficiaries during disasters, pandemics such as Covid-19, and other emergencies. All transactions can be traced in blockchain, giving donors visibility into where and how their funds are utilized. This article contributes to improving donations’openness to strengthen public interest in donations and encourage BCT in charity. Ethereum blockchain is used to implement the proposed framework and provides a convenient donation platform. Smart contracts are used to make donations, which build trust between contributors, beneficiaries, and charity organizations. The blockchain-based donation method saves time, lowers donation costs, and eliminates the chances of dubious campaign funds. This study will contribute to improving emergency recovery efforts. IEEE
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An important place in the structure of cardiovascular morbidity is occupied by myocardial infarction (MI), especially complicated MI, including complicated by the formation of left ventricular (LV) aneurysm. The latter is a very formidable complication and leads to such life-threatening conditions as ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, thromboembolism. The purpose of the review is to analyze the publications of foreign and Russian authors on risk factors, outcomes and treatment of patients with postinfarction LV aneurysm. Attention is paid to the role of registers in the study of this problem, as well as the analysis of literature data on the prevalence of such a complication as MI during the COVID-19 pandemic (COrona VIrus Disease 2019). It is shown that the registers of acute coronary syndrome, as a rule, do not contain separate data on patients with a formed LV aneurysm, risk factors for its development and outcomes in this group of patients. Postinfarction LV aneurysm can form only after transmural MI;therefore, it is important to keep records of patients diagnosed with transmural MI, primarily in the form of a register. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Важное место в структуре сердечно-сосудистой заболеваемо- сти занимает инфаркт миокарда (ИМ), особенно ИМ осложнен- ного течения, в т.ч. осложненный формированием аневризмы левого желудочка (ЛЖ). Последняя является весьма грозным осложнением и приводит к таким жизнеугрожающим состоя- ниям, как желудочковые нарушения ритма, сердечная недоста- точность, тромбоэмболии. Целью обзора является анализ пу- бликаций зарубежных и российских авторов о факторах риска, исходах и лечении пациентов с постинфарктной аневризмой ЛЖ. Уделено внимание роли регистров в изучении данной проблемы, а также проведен анализ литературных данных о распространен- ности такого осложнения как ИМ в период пандемии COVID-19 (COrona VIrus Disease 2019). Показано, что в регистрах остро- го коронарного синдрома, как правило, не содержится отдель- ных данных о пациентах со сформировавшейся аневризмой ЛЖ, факторах риска ее развития и исходах у этой группы пациентов. Постинфарктная аневризма ЛЖ может сформироваться только после трансмурального ИМ, поэтому представляется важным вести учет больных с диагнозом трансмуральный ИМ, в первую очередь в виде регистра. (Russian) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Cardiovascular Therapy & Prevention is the property of Silicea-Poligraf LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Introduction: In spontaneous reporting, it is normal is to presuppose a more or less pronounced under-reporting to Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) databases. During 2021, the Swedish Medical Products Agency (MPA) received a record total of more than 100.000 ICSRs on SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. At the same time, MPA implemented a record-linkage study using data from several nation-wide health registers to monitor the safety of said vaccinations [1]. Objective: To estimate the degree of under-reporting of myocarditis to the MPA ADR-database in 2021 through January 2022. Methods: We compared the number of ICSRs on suspected myocarditis submitted to the MPA with the number of cases of the same condition identified in the Swedish National Patient Register (SNPR). Dates of vaccination(s) were collected from the National Vaccination Register. A main diagnosis in SNPR within 28 days of any SARSCoV-2 vaccination was considered an exposed case. This association has been thoroughly studied and established in another study [2]. Cases of myocarditis in the SNPR were incident since 2017;such status in the ICSRs was however unknown. Results: Until September 2021, the number of submitted ICSRs was less than the number of patients identified in the SNPR. However, the accumulated number of ICSRs surpassed the number of cases in the SNPR in October 2021 and remained higher thereafter. By the end of follow-up, a suspected myocarditis had been reported in 322 ICSRs, while 254 such cases had been identified in the SNPR. However, if only ICSRs from health care professionals are considered, the apparent under-reporting prevailed throughout the period: 220 ICSRs v 254 SNPR cases. Conclusion: This is a special observation where the number of submitted ICSRs exceeds the number of cases in an intensive monitoring of health-care registers. This can be explained by (1) the case-definition in the SNPR where only admissions within 28 days after a vaccination was considered;this limitation was not applied to the ICSRs;and (2) ICSR of misdiagnosed or only suspected myocarditis.
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A partir de una investigación-acción-participativa que comenzó en 2019 en una zona segregada del partido de San Martin del Gran Buenos Aires, propongo analizar, por un lado, los efectos desiguales de la emergencia sanitaria del coronavirus —y las medidas tendientes a mitigarlas—, en mujeres migrantes desde una perspectiva interseccional. Por otro lado, pretendo examinar las estrategias de cuidados comunitarios que despliegan estas mujeres que son en su gran mayoría quienes, a partir de sus múltiples organizaciones y saberes, contienen la crisis en estos barrios populares y cubren, a partir de la creación y el fortalecimiento del trabajo en red, las diversas falencias de las medidas adoptadas desde distintos niveles del Estado. Se examinarán tanto los datos recopilados con anterioridad a la pandemia como también registros de observación y entrevistas realizadas de manera remota durante 2020Alternate : Com base numa pesquisa-ação-participativa que começou em 2019 em uma área segregada do distrito de San Martin da Grande Buenos Aires, proponho analisar, por um lado, os efeitos desiguais da emergência sanitária do coronavírus —e as medidas que visa mitigá-los—, em mulheres migrantes, a partir de uma perspectiva interseccional. Por outro lado, pretendo examinar as estratégias de cuidado comunitário implantadas por essas mulheres, cuja grande maioria, a partir de suas múltiplas organizações e saberes, contêm a crise nesses bairros populares e cobrem, pela criação e fortalecimento do trabalho em rede, as várias deficiências das medidas adotadas em diferentes níveis do Estado. Serão examinados tanto os dados coletados antes da pandemia quanto os registros de observação e entrevistas realizadas remotamente durante o ano de 2020.Alternate : Based on a participatory action research that began in 2019 in a segregated area of the San Martin district of Greater Buenos Aires, I propose to analyze, on the one hand, the unequal effects of the coronavirus health emergency —and the measures aimed at mitigating them —, in migrant women from an intersectional perspective. On the other hand, I intend to examine the community care strategies deployed by these women, who are mostly the ones who, from their multiple organizations and knowledge, contain the crisis in these popular neighborhoods and cover, creating and strengthening networking, the various shortcomings of the measures adopted from different levels of the State. Both data collected prior to the pandemic and registers of observation and interviews conducted remotely during 2020 will be examined.
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With the onset and increase in the number of online courses and blended mode of delivery owing to the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been a need for an accurate and consolidated online attendance registers that can easily be queried at Botswana Accountancy College. As the attendees switch access devices or when the experience connectivity issues during a remotely conducted class, multiple entries of the same attendee are logged to the Microsoft Teams attendance registers. Additionally, the format of the downloaded attendance registers is different from the current attendance management systems, making attendance accounting a cumbersome task. A data wrangling model therefore will assist in the restructuring of the downloaded registers by eliminating duplicates, reshaping the same for ease of querying and consolidation. The success of the wrangling model will simplify attendance reporting, free-up the lecturers of the manual task of attendance accounting and coincidentally eliminating the human error element.
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The COVID-19 pandemic spurred the development of methodologies to assess risk to economic development plans. To increase local recovery efforts, the federal government provides funding for regional economic development. Funds are allocated based on immediate needs as well as growth potential. This work advances the risk register methodology to prioritize infrastructure initiatives - potential projects, policies, or other actions an organization may take - while considering the influence of exogenous scenarios on priorities given the impact of COVID-19. The risk register identifies performance criteria which measure performance - for example, an initiative incentivizing restaurants to increase outdoor seating improves a create new jobs criterion. Next, the register identifies disruptive events and groups these events into scenarios. There are now two sets of data: the initiatives considered for implementations, and a set of disruptive scenarios, including a baseline. The register evaluates the impact of each scenario on each initiative. For each scenario, the initiative with greatest impact on performance criteria is ranked first, and so on for the remaining scenarios. These rankings mathematically capture the influence of each scenario on the priority of each initiative. The risk register mathematically quantifies the disruptiveness of each scenario, allowing the comparison of different disruptive events. This information can help determine how to allocate resources to improve system resilience. The risk register methodology is applied to a socio-technical system of systems. This work advances methods outlined in the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge, specifically the System of Systems knowledge area. © 2022 IEEE.
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In a world of rampant inequality, when millions seek out better futures elsewhere, this introduction situates critical experiences of dwelling within recent debates on home and migration. Seeing vulnerability as an active condition, this theme section records the attempts of individuals and groups on the move in fashioning a home despite adverse socio-cultural, economical, and political situations. Our argumentation considers: the imbrication of structural forces and existential power, the complexity of temporal registers across the life course, and the human capacity for home-making. As asylum-seekers, evicted refugees and deprived migrant families struggle to feel at home in precarious circumstances, our ethnographies reveal the violence inflicted by social systems but also the agency of subjects who strive to make the places they inhabit everyday worth living.
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This article investigates the works of Dussel, Maldonado-Torres, and Mbembe as representatives of a tendency in the field of decolonial thought to assume the templates of warfare and the camp as the archetypal registers of violence in the contemporary world. Identifying this focus as the remnant of a Eurocentric vocabulary (the paradigm of war), the article proposes a shift from the language of warfare predominant in the field to a language of welfare. The article turns to the gated community (GC), instead of the camp, and the imperatives of (re)creation, instead of the logics of elimination, as new templates with which to make sense of modern/colonial violence. Moving beyond militaristic imagery, the analysis shows a form of violence that emerges as a response to the endless search for a life of convenience inside the walls of the GC. To this end, the article advances the concept of the dialect of disarrangement, the enforced but uneasy encounter between two subjectivities that inhabit the GC: the patrons (the homeowners who consume the easy life) and servants (the racialised service staff). In the GC, violence emerges in attempts to respond to this (in)convenient encounter via misrepresentations of both patrons and servants as out of their place.