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Short-term rentals (STRs) emerged as holiday accommodations, disrupting the hospitality industry in the decade before COVID-19. Mainstream explanations for their growth revolved around digital tourism platforms like Airbnb as market disruptors and the sharing economy rationale. At the same time, critical scholars explored the capitalisation of greater rent gaps in urban central locations. However, these explanations are insufficient to explain the growth of STRs. We supplement them by building bridges between the urban political economy and the geographies of financialisation through the cases of Lisbon and Porto before the pandemic. The paper focuses on tourism-induced housing investment, taking a closer look at the profile of investors in association with STR property managers in the context of the late-entrepreneurial urban regime. We conclude that tourism development has allowed opportunities for housing financialisation through STR professionalisation, enhancing the allocation of interest-bearing capital in tourism-oriented real estate. © 2022 The Authors. Antipode © 2022 Antipode Foundation Ltd.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the work, personal, and family lives of all Czechs. In this regard, single parents are one of the most vulnerable groups. They are very frequent recipients of external support, provided by the state or by grandparents. Government restrictions, accompanied by, among other things, reduced availability of institutional childcare services, have significantly increased parents' demand for informal childcare. However, grandparents have not been able to fully satisfy this demand. Within the proposed typology, the so-called risk group of single parents who did not receive the required childcare support concerning school preparation or free time, as well financial or material help, was identified. The size of this group grew during the pandemic. According to regression analysis, parents of preschool and younger school children, working in precarious forms of work, in a low-income situation, and/or in rental housing, were at higher risk of falling into the group of single parents who need informal support.
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Covid-19 pandemic hit a giant blow on in-person education. This was especially difficult when teaching laboratory related exercises. In this paper we show that we can treat this hardship as an opportunity, and engage students into creating tools that help their colleagues. In this particular case we present diploma projects that constituted equipment rental apps. We show that such form of diploma increases motivation and leads to nice results. © 2022 IEEE.
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PurposeThis study aims to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and changed Airbnb market in the Greater Melbourne area in terms of its temporal and spatial patterns and identify possible shifts in underlying trends in travel activities. Design/methodology/approachA panel data set of Airbnb listings in Melbourne is analysed to compare temporal patterns, spatial distribution and lengths of stay of Airbnb users before and after the COVID outbreak. FindingsThis study found that the COVID disruption did not fundamentally change the temporal cycle of the Airbnb market. Month-to-month fluctuations peaked at different levels from pre-pandemic times mainly because of lockdowns and other restrictive measures. The impact of COVID-19 disruptions on neighbourhood-level Airbnb revenues is associated with distance to CBD rather than number of COVID cases. Inner city suburbs suffered major loss during the pandemic, whereas outer suburbs gained popularity due to increased domestic travel and long stays. Long stays (28 days or more, as defined by Airbnb) were the fastest growing segment during the pandemic, which indicates the Airbnb market was adapting to increasing demand for purposes like remote working or lifestyle change. After easing of COVID-related restrictions, demand for short-term accommodation quickly recovered, but supply has not shown signs of strong recovery. Spatial distribution of post-pandemic supply recovery shows a similar spatial variation. Neighbourhoods in the inner city have not shown signs of significant recovery, whereas those in the middle and outer rings are either slowly recovering or approaching their pre-COVID levels. Practical implicationsThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted short-term rental markets and in particular the Airbnb sector during the phase of its rapid development. This paper helps inform in- and post-pandemic housing policy, market opportunity and investment decision. Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first attempts to empirically examine both temporal and spatial patterns of the COVID-19 impact on Airbnb market in one of the most severely impacted major cities. It is one of the first attempts to identify shifts in underlying trends in travel based on Airbnb data.
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This article The pandemic, declared in March 2020, meant a drastic change in trend in the peer-to-peer (p2p) market for tourist accommodation, which, until then, had experienced exponential growth. In this context, the objective of this work is to determine whether the propositions that had been established about this market before the pandemic are still valid. The methodology used consists in the presentation of some initial conjectures, to later verify them with the analysis of research on the subject providing quantitative estimates and relevant arguments. The results confirm that there were drops in demand, supply and prices due to the pandemic that seem to have contributed to the containment of long-term rental prices. All this allows us to conclude that, in a phase of strong contraction, economic analysis maintains its ability to understand the functioning of the p2p market.
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Short‐term rentals (STRs) emerged as holiday accommodations, disrupting the hospitality industry in the decade before COVID‐19. Mainstream explanations for their growth revolved around digital tourism platforms like Airbnb as market disruptors and the sharing economy rationale. At the same time, critical scholars explored the capitalisation of greater rent gaps in urban central locations. However, these explanations are insufficient to explain the growth of STRs. We supplement them by building bridges between the urban political economy and the geographies of financialisation through the cases of Lisbon and Porto before the pandemic. The paper focuses on tourism‐induced housing investment, taking a closer look at the profile of investors in association with STR property managers in the context of the late‐entrepreneurial urban regime. We conclude that tourism development has allowed opportunities for housing financialisation through STR professionalisation, enhancing the allocation of interest‐bearing capital in tourism‐oriented real estate. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Resumen Los alquileres de corta duración (STRs en sus siglas en inglés) surgieron como alojamientos vacacionales, revolucionando la industria turística en la década anterior al Covid‐19. Las principales explicaciones sobre su irrupción apuntan a que las plataformas de turismo digital, como Airbnb, alteraron el mercado a través de la lógica de la economía colaborativa, mientras que voces críticas también han explorado la capitalización de brechas de renta más amplias en áreas urbanas centrales. Sin embargo, estas explicaciones son insuficientes para comprender el rápido crecimiento de esta tipología de alojamiento. Aquí se complementan tales ideas mediante la articulación entre la economía política urbana y las geografías de la financiarización a través de los casos de Lisboa y Oporto antes de la pandemia. El artículo se centra en la inversión inmobiliaria inducida por el turismo, examinando el perfil de los inversores privados en conjunción con las empresas de gestión de propiedades para alquiler turístico en el contexto del urbanismo empresarial tardío. Así, concluimos que el desarrollo turístico reciente ha ampliado el horizonte de financiarización de la vivienda gracias a la profesionalización del alquiler vacacional, maximizando los beneficios del capital invertido en bienes inmobiliarios para uso turístico. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Antipode is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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El impacto del Covid-19 ha supuesto una brusca paralización del turismo, generando incertidumbre a nivel internacional. En este marco, el último periodo de auge del sector, correspondiente a la recuperación económica en 2012, y la repentina nueva recesión en 2020, ofrecen un periodo privilegiado para examinar los impactos del turismo en los centros urbanos. Este trabajo analiza la relación entre procesos sociodemográficos y el alquiler turístico en el último periodo de auge del turismo, tomando como caso de estudio los centros históricos de dos ciudades andaluzas de marcado carácter turístico: Sevilla y Cádiz. El análisis se fundamenta en los datos sociodemográficos suministrados por el Censo de Población y Vivienda y el Padrón Municipal de Habitantes, junto a información de alquileres suministrados por distintas fuentes. Como resultado, el trabajo demuestra estadísticamente la relación entre la distribución de los alquileres turísticos y varios procesos sociodemográficos, y su influencia en la pérdida de población.Alternate :The impact of the Covid-19 has harshly affected tourism, triggering uncertainty at the international level. In this context, the last period of the sector's boom, corresponding to the economic recovery in 2012 and the abrupt new recession in 2020, is a privileged period for examining the impacts of tourism in urban centers. This paper analyzes the relationship between sociodemographic processes and tourist rentals in the last period of the tourism boom, taking as a case study the historical centers of two Andalusian cities of a markedly tourist nature: Seville and Cadiz. The analysis is based on the sociodemographic data provided by the Census of Population and Housing and the Register of Inhabitants, along with rental information provided by different sources. The results statistically demonstrate the relationship of the distribution of tourist rentals with various sociodemographic processes and their influence on the loss of population.
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The transition from ICE to BEV taxis is one of the most important methods for reducing fossil fuel consumption and air pollution in cities such as Bangkok. To support this transition, an adequate number of charging stations to cover each area of charging demand must be established. This paper presents a data-driven process for determining suitable charging locations for BEV taxis based on their characteristic driving patterns. The location selection process employs GPS trajectory data collected from taxis and the locations of candidate sites. Suitable locations are determined based on estimated travel times and charging demands. A queueing model is used to simulate charging activities and identify an appropriate number of chargers at each station. The location selection results are validated using data from existing charging services. The validation results show that the proposed process can recommend better locations for charging stations than current practices. By using the traveling time data that take the current traffic condition into account, e.g., via Google Maps API, we can minimize the overall travel time to charging stations of the taxi fleet better than using the distance data. This process can also be applied to other cities.
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Poland’s natural and geographical features, including an abundance of rivers and lakes, create favorable conditions for the development of kayaking tourism. Poland is one of the leading European countries in terms of the number of kayaking trails. The aim of this study was to propose indicators for assessing the potential of Poland’s water resources for the development of kayaking activities. This research was pursued in several stages. The number of rivers where kayaking tours are organized was determined in the first stage of the study. Indicators describing the potential of the existing water bodies for the promotion of kayaking tourism were proposed in the second stage. The study produced surprising results. The number of kayaking tour operators has increased considerably in recent years, and new water tourism centers have been established in the vicinity of large urban areas. The popularity of well-established kayaking destinations in Warmia-Masuria, Podlasie and Western Pomerania, i.e., Polish regions with considerable potential for the development of water tourism, has declined. The study revealed that the success of kayaking businesses is presently determined by other factors, and further research is needed to identify these determinants.
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The Spanish real estate and its ‘sea and sun’ tourism model, were profoundly disrupted during the Great Recession of 2008–2014 As a result, hedge funds and their speculative operations have favoured an intense process of urban touristification in the largest Spanish cities, especially over the past ten years. The aim of this paper is to examine how the COVID-19 crisis has triggered shifts in the supply of short-term rentals and the type of demand of such rentals. By taking into account such changes, we will address the potential changes that the current pandemic scenario might bring between the ‘classical’ real estate market and short-term rentals in Spain.
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. This study describes a system with one-way trips and relocations of e-vehicles between sectors by service personnel according to a dynamically compiled list of service trips. The model includes an algorithm that uses model parameter values to optionalize expected income, depending on the dynamically selected e-vehicle transfer. The implementation of the MIP (Mixed-Integer Programming) type algorithm proposed in the study pays particular attention to its performance, as optimization should be performed dynamically with a few hours' interval. The developed optimization algorithm has been validated for its practical application in Riga, Latvia.
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The COVID-19 lockdown in 2020–2021 and the refugee crisis in 2021–2022 were two new and unexpected social and political events in Poland in recent years. These “wildcards” will certainly have major effects on individuals and cities, both directly and indirectly, through the influence of “externalities.” The paper examines trends in the spatial development of Polish cities during the last five years (2016–2021), focusing on residential suburbanization and urban sprawl. The study aims to reveal the elements that determine the spatial scale of suburbanization, as well as “wildcards” that may have an indirect impact on the process but are difficult to quantify and include in spatial analysis. The use of location quotient (LQ) metrics, as well as a subset of the Global Human Settlement Layer in the spatial analysis allow for comparisons of locations with intensified urbanization throughout different periods, serving a task that is comparable to feature standardization from a time and space viewpoint. The analysis provides evidence of growing suburbanization surrounding major Polish cities from 2016 to 2021, while also exposing distinct elements of spatial development during a period that was marked by social and political stress (2021).
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Airbnb hosts' pricing decisions are the choices hosts make when setting the daily rate for their listing of properties. Some Airbnb hosts have a long run approach, charging lower prices to attract more customers and achieve higher occupancy rates, while others have a short-run approach, charging higher prices to maximize the short-run opportunities from the market. The pricing strategy of Airbnb hosts is the key to their eventual success and plays an important role, since it influences their relationship with customers. Airbnb listings can be hard to price. Therefore, each Airbnb host faces an important decision when entering the market: What is the perfect daily rate to charge such that to achieve their goal? Major aspects, such as property location, type (private room, entire home, etc.) and amenities, target customers, other Airbnb competitors, thinking like a guest, the safety and beauty of the neighborhood, seasonality, etc., must be considered. Considering Airbnb's exponential growth since it started in 2007, it is obvious that establishing a suitable pricing strategy is vital for any new host. The present paper uses information from the new listings in 2020 to investigate different hypotheses that explore the pricing strategies of Airbnb hosts for their new listings on the market. This study highlights, on one hand, the great need for Airbnb to encourage dynamic pricing among its new hosts and, on the other hand, the challenges faced by these hosts when they establish the price. An important characteristic of this article is the set of theoretical and methodological implications for the pricing strategy for the new Airbnb new hosts. Furthermore, this document reinforces the idea that the pricing strategy differs between cities and countries, emphasizing the strategy in the case of the new Airbnb new hosts.
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Recent years have witnessed a wide and strong development of the sharing economy in various industries. As a result of the wide spread of intelligent mobile devices and customers' increasing digital skills, the use of collaborative platforms in tourism, in particular for accommodation services, has become an important alternative for many tourists. In this paper we try to investigate relevant aspects of the profile, motivations and habits of the Romanian tourists who are using Airbnb for renting accommodation services. Survey-based research was conducted during the summer of 2021, a period when very few COVID-19-related restrictions were being enforced in Romania regarding people's mobility and travel. The questionnaire was designed to capture not only the demographic, economic and social profile of the consumers, but also and more importantly the main aspects related to the type of travel (leisure versus business), the motivations of getting involved in the collaborative use of platforms etc., from a demand-side perspective. We have grouped the motivations for using Airbnb taking into account the following main classes of factors: price;comfort;ease of use and functionality;authenticity and local connection. Other investigated issues pertained to analyze the place of Airbnb compared to classical accommodation units, considering factors such as trust and efficacy. We found that there is a certain amount of conformity among the population in making the decision to book accommodation, but there is also an innovative trend, expressing people's desire to try other forms of accommodation that offer authenticity and new experiences, characteristics that are less common in traditional accommodation forms. Indirectly, we can identify several trends in respondents' preferences for tourist accommodation and consumption habits. Trends may include greater availability of accommodation alternatives, including through collaborative platforms and, gradually, the transformation of these alternative experiences into tourism consumption habits.
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Within the broader context of new dimensions of poverty such as housing poverty, energy poverty, etc., this article describes dependencies between household income, real estate ownership and socio-economic trends. We argue that income is not the principal determinant for home ownership rate, but rather recent lifestyle changes can better explain the homeownership decreasing trend in developed economies. Job mobility, family formation determinants and demographical trends seem to find well-supported basis in literature and data. Using data for the US states we have proved that the decreasing rate of home ownership may be explained by social aspects of changing lifestyle such as increasing share of population moving from rural areas to cities, age of marriage, divorce rate, career-oriented lifestyle, rather than by the frequently cited price-income ratio. We have also observed a short-term correlation between financing availability and homeownership rate, but we conclude that property prices would adjust to lose monetary policy without any long-term effect on homeownership rate. It results that government or monetary policies aimed to cushion the housing unavailability (recently increasing value of price-income) ratio may distort the housing market. We propose a new insight in the housing availability discussion.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has plunged the housing affordability and living sanitary conditions of China's low-income groups into a crisis. Public rental housing has made a significant contribution to alleviating this crisis, yet its exit problem has become more acute due to the impact of the epidemic. In order to explore how to effectively play the role of multi-governance in public rental housing exit, this paper adopts game theory to analyze the evolution of the behavioral strategies of government departments and public rental housing tenants in public rental housing exit by combining four influencing parameters: the epidemic severity, the epidemic influence coefficient, the public participation degree, and the public reporting fairness. In response to exploring the conditions for the effective functioning of the multi-governance model under the impact of the epidemic, the influences of parameter change on the stability of the system are analyzed. The results show that when the COVID-19 epidemic impact coefficient is high, government departments need to reduce their own supervision costs to achieve better multi-governance effects;when public reports are distorted, the government departments’ own supervision capabilities determine the impact of public participation on governance effects.
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Established by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA),1 qualified Opportunity Zones (OZs) are a new place-based community development program that attempts to help economically challenged areas by encouraging private capital investment through the use of tax incentives. Although the program started at the beginning of 2018, implementation of the program has been slow, creating challenges for investors. The program's structure may have also inadvertently created an environment ripe for surging property prices. This unintended consequence has the potential to reduce or eliminate investor tax benefits, stimulate community gentrification, and diminish affordability for residents. Recent studies have found evidence of material price "premiums" for some commercial real estate properties located in OZs (Pierzak, 2021;Sage, Langen, and Van de Minne, 2019). Recognizing the policy's potential in driving increased investor interest in single-family home rentals, the authors of this study explore the impact of the program on existing single-family house prices and find that the community development program has led to excess home price appreciation totaling 6.8 percent from 2018 to 2020.
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Evidence shows that people have a major impact on building performance. Occupants’ impact is especially important in social housing, where their occupants may present greater vulnerabilities, and their needs are not always considered. This study aims to analyse the socio-demographic influence in social rental housing concerning hygrothermal comfort and energy consumption in a case study located in Vitoria, Spain during the first 4-month period of 2020 and 2021 (during and after COVID-19 lockdown). An innovative data management system is included, where the users and administration can see in real-time the temperature and consumption in the dwellings. A 2-phase method has been applied;phase 1 is associated with outdoor climate conditions, building properties and social profile. Phase 2 determined the results in energy consumption, indoor hygrothermal comfort and occupant energy-use pattern. The results show that the comfort levels and energy consumption vary according to the analysed social profiles, as well as the heating activation periods and domestic hot water system usage. In conclusion, socio-demographic characteristics of social housing households influence the hygrothermal comfort of their dwellings, occupants’ behaviour and heating and domestic hot water energy consumption.
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Purpose>This viewpoint paper aims to provide reflections on the role of second homes in the tourism and housing markets together with future lines of research during and after the first outbreak of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. The authors aim to review the epistemological evolution of the term “second homes” because of the pandemic, as well as to unfold possible short-, medium- and long-term effects that could place second homes at the center of tourist activity and of the tourist rental market profitability.Design/methodology/approach>This paper is based on published research studies about the definition of the term “second homes”, as well as media sources related to their role during the current situation of the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.Findings>In the early stages of the pandemic, second-home owners migrated from crowded cities to low-density areas, being vectors of transmission of the virus. Now, a potential shift in tourist preferences could position second homes at the center of tourist activity as soon as travel restrictions are reduced. This could intensify existing processes of commodification of housing, empowering accommodation platforms and situating the potential for profiteering around the tourist rental market. Parallely, international interests in migrating from crowded cities to low-density areas could also be triggered.Originality/value>This viewpoint is presented as the confinement measures associated with the new pandemic are being de-escalated in most of the western countries. It is expected that sharing it will provide insights to researchers and practitioners to better plan their research around secondary housing. Its role should be analysed from different perspectives: in the spread of the virus to low-density areas to anticipate mitigation actions in future outbreaks;in the recovery process of (domestic) tourism;in the processes of commodification and financialization of housing in tourist areas;and their impacts on local residents.