Southern Africa Trust: embarking on a sustainability journey

Learning outcomes: The learning outcomes focus on enabling students to view operational model changes critically, as they pertain to: ■ evaluating different management styles and uses of the ADKAR change management model in decision-making moments in times of crisis (such as COVID-19) in non-profit organisations (NPOs);■ evaluating different ways in which NPOs pivot to sustainability, including the use of social enterprise models and change management;■ anticipating and managing change in institutional formations through new technologies;■ articulating trade-offs between grant and non-grant resource mobilisation for African philanthropy;and ■ application of change management theory to organisations' sustainability journeys. Case overview/synopsis: In May 2020, working from her home office just over one month into a nationwide lockdown because of the COVID-19 pandemic, Masego Madzwamuse, chief executive officer (CEO) of the Southern Africa Trust (the Trust), knew that it could once again be at a crossroads. In 2015, the Trust had found itself in a quandary when its primary donor gave notification of its intention to withdraw its funding. The Trust had responded by making changes to its structure and strategy. Now, with uncertainty rife throughout South Africa, the CEO knew that she had to consider whether the changes that had been implemented over the past five years had prepared the Trust not only to respond to, but also to survive the pandemic and continue its vital work long into the future. Complexity academic level: Postgraduate Diploma in Management, MBA, Masters in Management. Supplementary materials: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 11: Strategy. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Entrepreneurial university ecosystem's engagement with SDGs: looking into a Latin-American University

Sustainability themes have increasingly gained traction within academia and industry. The knowledge accumulation is at the development stage and remains more understanding about the phenomenon in the black box. Innovative sustainable initiatives are little known, especially in transforming individuals' values, culture, and well-being. Universities are well-placed to contribute to this academic conversation as they seek solutions and responses to current grand societal challenges through their core activities (teaching, research, and engagement). A good example has been the recent development of disruptions by universities to address the COVID-19 pandemic. Inspired by these debates, this study theorizes/tests how an entrepreneurial university ecosystem contributes to the UN SDGs' achievement through its core activities and social-entrepreneurial orientation. By adopting a retrospective case study of a Latin-American University, our study provides insights/implications into the configuration of university social entrepreneurial ecosystems and their sustainable contributions to the SDGs.

FROM NEED TO POWER, ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN G10 FAVELAS - (RE) KNOWLEDGE AND INTELLIGIBILITY OF ALTERNATIVE SOCIAL PRACTICES

Objetivo: Para contribuir com o aprofundamento do tema 'empreendedorismo social' em favelas, a pesquisa visa analisar a experiencia do "G10" Favelas. Referencial teórico: Para tanto, considerando o paradigma construtivista, foi empreendida análise temática dedutiva, mediante processo de codificaçao e definiçâo de categorias e metacategorias, com base em sete conteúdos produzidos em plataformas de mídias, documentários, entrevistas e noticiários, recentes e de curta duraçao, previamente identificados, selecionados e transcritos. Método: Após o processo de codificaçâo, com a definiçâo de 43 categorias emergentes, foram atribuidos significados a 10 metacategorias: 'empreendedorismo', 'principio solidario', 'políticas públicas específicas e efetivas', 'alternativas a ausencia do poder público/Estado', '(des)emprego', 'favela e o desenvolvimento', 'favela como potencia', 'favela como carencia', 'fatores do desenvolvimento', 'redes socioeconómicas'. Resultados e conclus&acaron;o: A discussäo sugere que a experiencia do G10 potencializa reconhecimento das práticas empreendedoras, e, ainda, confere credibilidade as potencialidades (e näo carencias), sendo importante desafio para a sociedade e políticas públicas, em funçâo de leituras estereotipadas e estigmatizadoras em relaçâo as favelas e seus moradores. Pesquisas futuras podem empreender esforços em debates sobre a questao racial étnica, genero, LBGTQIA+, dentre outros, que envolvem concepçöes interseccionais em outros horizontes epistemológicos.Alternate :Objective: To contribute to the deepening of the theme 'social entrepreneurship' in slums, the research aims to analyze the experience of the "G10" Favelas. Theoretical framework: Considering the constructivist paradigm, a deductive thematic analysis was carried out, through a process of coding and definition of categories and metacategories, based on seven contents produced in media platforms, documentaries, interviews and news reports, recent and of short duration, previously identified, selected and transcribed. Method: After the coding process, with the definition of 43 emerging categories, meanings were attributed to 10 metacategories: 'entrepreneurship', 'solidarity principle', 'specific and effective public policies', 'alternatives to the absence of public power/State', '(un)employment', 'favela and development', 'favela as power', 'favela as need', 'development factors', 'socioeconomic networks'. Results and Conclusion: The discussion suggests that G10's experience strengthens the recognition of entrepreneurial practices, and, furthermore, gives credibility to potentialities (and not deficiencies), being an important challenge for society and public policies, due to stereotypical and stigmatizing readings regarding favelas and their residents. Future research can undertake efforts in debates on racial-ethnic, gender, LBGTQIA+, among others, which involve intersectional conceptions in other epistemological horizons.

The Challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in Islamic Social Entrepreneurship in the Covid-19 Era

Islamic social entrepreneurship (ISE) is an activity that can help the economy of the ummah in a country. Based on the vision and social mission to address the economic problems caused by the effects of Covid-19, social entrepreneurs need to act creatively and innovatively using the latest technological approaches in line with the development of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. There are three objectives of the study. First it will look at the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution in ISE in the Covid-19 era, secondly it identifies efforts that can be implemented by social entrepreneurs to address the issue of Covid-19;and third it will look at the role of government and institutions involved in helping to restore the economy to normalcy. The research methods used are content analysis of past research texts, theses and library studies. The findings of the study found that there are several challenges identified. Among these are the issues of attitudes, perceptions, legislation, knowledge, skills, costs and assistance. The steps that need to be implemented to resolve these issues are rehabilitation strategies, information provision, consultation, government support, entrepreneurial institutions, welfare and the cooperation of various parties directly or indirectly involved. Therefore, in-depth studies will be elaborated so that the challenges that occur can be overcome. © 2022, Penerbit Akademia Baru. All rights reserved.

Optimization of sustainable batik business practice in Koperasi Anugerah Batik, Ciwaringin Village, Indonesia

Sustainability has become a significant concern worldwide, and Indonesia is no exception. In Indonesia, sustainable business practice has slowly arisen to conquer the global challenge. This paper highlights the need for a sustainable business model for the batik industry in Anugerah Batik Cooperative, Ciwaringin Village, Indonesia, by considering two factors, namely the utilization of natural dyeing in the batik process and the Covid-19 pandemic. Using a mix-method and business model canvas approach, the researchers interviewed nine owners of the sustainable batik industries and sent 109 questionnaires to the batik customers. The mix-method allowed the researchers to capture the existing business practice and gain insights from the batik customers' perception of sustainable batik products. A new perspective regarding the business model was developed by highlighting several building blocks, including value propositions, customer segments, customer relationships, essential resources, key activities, and revenue streams.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Propensity of Emerging Entrepreneurs to Start Social Enterprises in Romania

As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, and hopefully draws to an end, potential entrepreneurs are challenged to reimagine the new normal and develop new models of doing business with a focus on sustainable development, protecting the environment and the public good. Our paper aims to explore if emerging entrepreneurs have been influenced by the pandemic and are considering to conduct business with a social impact, given that values and attitudes about priorities have changed during the pandemic. Based on a questionnaire completed by 286 students at both the bachelor and masters level at the Faculty of Business and Administration of the University of Bucharest in November 2021, we will explore to what extent future entrepreneurs are considering starting a social enterprise. Using descriptive statistics and comparative analysis, we will determine if there has been a change in propensity for social entrepreneurship among students of economics before and since the start of the corona pandemic. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Student entrepreneurship mindset and social entrepreneurship pedagogy in a global health pandemic in Lagos State University, Nigeria

The study interrogates the contention that social entrepreneurship pedagogy plays an essential role in developing students' entrepreneurial mindset in a Covid-19 era from the perspective of the Lagos State University, Nigeria. The exploratory design was employed to harness new knowledge from existing literature. A total of 18 final-year students were purposively and conveniently for an interview, and data were analyzed with the NVivo (v.12) qualitative software. Results reveal a lack of pedagogy initiatives in delivering teachings and learning such as seminars/workshops, networking, internships and case studies, the absence of a conventional department of entrepreneurship education and a lack of appropriate entrepreneurship education curriculum for the development of students' entrepreneurship mindsets. Notably, the fallout from the Covid-19 pandemic has shown that students can revive the Nigerian economy with a positive outlook due to their entrepreneurial mindset. The study echoes the need for the constitution of appropriate pedagogy initiatives and relevant course contents and curriculum that could steer a robust students' entrepreneurial mindset for venture creation and economic development amidst the prevailing loss of jobs in this epoch of Covid-19.

Developing Entrepreneurial Sustainability among Saudi Arabia’s University Students

The role of entrepreneurship has transformed to include issues beyond economic growth. This has twisted attention toward the drivers of entrepreneurial intentions across entrepreneurship types, particularly in sustainable entrepreneurship. Sustainable entrepreneurship is essential and a protagonist tool in protecting the environment, economy and society. This ensures employment opportunities, solves environmental problems and facilitates social and economic development. Keeping into consideration, the present study attempts to investigate sustainable entrepreneurial intention through Attitudes toward Sustainability (ATS), Perceived Desirability (PED), Perceived Feasibility (PEF) and Opportunity Recognition (OR) among Saudi Arabia’s university students. We employed the quantitative approach and used a survey questionnaire to obtain the responses from the respondents. We targeted the students of different public sector universities in Saudi Arabia using a random sampling technique. Finally, we utilized 292 valid samples to infer the results. Utilizing the Structural Equation Model (SEM) through analysis of moment structures (AMOS), we found a positive and significant effect of Attitudes towards Sustainability (ATS), Perceived Desirability (PED) and Perceived Feasibility (PEF) on Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intentions (SEI) and Opportunity Recognition (OR). This study provides valuable insights into the entrepreneurship domain and offers guidelines for policymakers and planners in shaping the policies that promote entrepreneurial sustainability and employment in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the OR factor also significantly and positively affects SEI. Finally, the study’s findings would contribute to the literature review by adding another empirical confirmation from Saudi Arabian students’ viewpoint.

Service learning in Indonesia: developing undergraduate students' leadership during COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose>This phenomenological case study reports how 16 participating students built their leadership skill through a community-based service-learning project as a part of their undergraduate program at an Islamic university in Indonesia. Education for sustainability framework promoted by Warwick (2016) was employed to portray students' leadership development and explore their lived experience while doing service-learning project in their neighborhood.Design/methodology/approach>Phenomenological case study was employed to portray how the participants engaged in projects that empower the community during their service amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. They were interviewed using online platforms such as WhatsApp and Zoom Meeting. To triangulate the data, the photos elicited during their field study posted in social media were also presented as visual data. The interview data and photo elicitation were transcribed, interpreted using interpretative phenomenological analysis and thematically analyzed.Findings>The findings of the study showcase that the student participants transformed their sense of agency as learners into leaders. The service-learning program has also become a springboard for them to engage in the community service and build strategy to fill the local community's need, especially amid the pandemic of COVID-19.Research limitations/implications>There are two limitations in regards to this study. First, this study only examined data garnered from a small number of participants that could not be used to overgeneralize the results of the study. Second, the participants were interviewed upon the completion of their service-learning project. It did not investigate the sustainability of the projects that the participants had carried out after the service-learning program ended.Originality/value>While ample previous studies investigated how service-learning program that involved undergraduate students were enacted during COVID-19 pandemic, the present study specifically looked into how participants exercise their leadership skill upon the implementation of service-learning from education for sustainability framework promoted by Warwick (2016).

Recognising the regenerative impacts of Canadian women tourism social entrepreneurs through a feminist ethic of care lens

Purpose>The overarching aim of this project is to understand the role women tourism social entrepreneurs (TSEs) play in contributing to regenerative practices in Canada.Design/methodology/approach>Semi-structured interviews were carried out with women food TSEs with snowball sampling. This paper challenges the assumption that the masculine experience is the human experience. Accordingly, this research is informed by a feminist ethic of care lens to recognise the important role of Canadian women TSEs. Methodologically, the authors employed the strategies of a constructivist grounded theory to guide the analysis (Charmaz, 2011). This process involved carefully engaging in a close line by line reading of the transcripts, developing codes based on the authors’ dealings with the data including summarising, synthesising and sorting the data (Charmaz, 2011).Findings>The analysis revealed three categories: (1) Adopting a regenerative mindset and enhancing well-being, (2) Supporting the consumption of real food and (3) Educating communities for regenerative and just futures. The analysis revealed the importance of women TSEs in adopting a regenerative and caring mindset to enhance the well-being of their communities and beyond.Research limitations/implications>The study focusses on the learnings from 11 entrepreneurs from Canada. There is a scope to expand the discussion with more interviews. The impact of this pandemic on the small businesses resulted in affecting the researchers’ participation by presenting some unique challenges in participant recruitment. Maybe the studies in the near future will focus on grounding the research papers based on other sexual orientations and indigenous social entrepreneurs.Practical implications>The authors hope future studies centre diversity and attend to the role of women in their communities to better under the diverse contributions. The work presented here is part of a broader study on the role and impact of women TSEs and so only reveals the tip of the Canadian iceberg. Forthcoming studies will attend to some of the gender-specific barriers faced by women TSEs and the supports required particularly in the wake of COVID-19. The authors hope other scholars continue to build on this work, adopting feminist approaches to enhance our understanding of the role women play in contributing to just, caring and regenerative futures.Social implications>Contributing to Higgins-Desbiolles and Monga's (2021) in-depth case study using an ethic of care to examine an Australian events business supporting homeless individuals, the analysis of the 11 in-depth interviews with Canadian TSE provides evidence of alternative ways women are delivering social value. Using an ethic of care lens has elicited the impacts created by the informants and the ripple effects particularly in light of regenerative practices which are crucial in the tourism sector as borders and destinations reopen to tourism as noted by Ateljevic (2020).Originality/value>There are few studies in the tourism social entrepreneurship literature that recognise the agency and centres the vocies of women. Kimbu and Ngoasong (2016) made a call for more research to understand how women engage in social entrepreneurial activities and benefit their local communities. There are limited analyses on regenerative tourism in practice in the scholarly literature. To respond to this gap the authors examine the regenerative practices of women TSEs in Canada.

Spurring competitiveness, social and economic performance of family-owned SMEs through social entrepreneurship;a multi-analytical SEM & ANN perspective

Social enterprises have become a nascent concept in academia and have grabbed the attention of research scholars. They are deemed as an important predictor of economic growth, poverty alleviation, and solving social and economic issues. In the COVID-19 pandemic, many developed and developing economies accounted for a negative change in unemployment, health, education, and other social issues. Consequently, researchers realized that social enterprises are an important predictor to overcome many issues during the pandemic. Hence, the current study contributes to the body of knowledge by investigating the influence of social entrepreneurial orientation on social and economic performance through a mediating role of competitive advantage. The data were collected from the top management of family-owned manufacturing firms operating in Pakistan. The current study executed a dual-stage analysis involving Smart-PLS and artificial intelligence (AI) named Artificial Neurons Networks (ANN). The SEM model shows that social entrepreneurial orientation has a negative impact on economic performance (profit maximization) but a positive effect on social performance. ANN architecture explains the 78 % accuracy of the proposed model. Considering the results, we recommend firms emphasize social entrepreneurial orientation to configure their competitive advantage and performance in the pandemic.

Probing into Economic Development Studies in the Post-COVID Era

Unfortunately, despite the international community's efforts to combat poverty and inequality, both parameters have been on the rise recently. [...]there is a strong need to find a workable (and appropriate in these new conditions) resolution to poverty problems to avoid a global crisis. The new reality of poverty and inequality issues should be addressed by studying global income disparities and possible ways to bridge gaps between poorer and wealthier countries (and people within countries) by promoting innovations, technologies, human capital development, agrarian systems, and social entrepreneurship. The particular focus should be made on the new challenges to sustainable development brought by the growth of global environmental and public health problems, such as climate change, deterioration of air, water, land, and other resources, reduction of biodiversity, and loss of many natural ecosystems.

PANDEMIC: ADJUSTING SOCIAL WORK PRACTIUM. AN ISOLATED INDICENT OR AN ENTRY TO A LARGER DISCUSSION?

On March 13, 2020, Mount Royal University responded to the pandemic declaration of the World Health Organization (WHO) and local health directives by stopping all face-to-face learning, including practicums. This sudden cessation was done for reasons of safety and liability. Rapid shifts were required, presenting functional, ethical, and privacy challenges for students and faculty who recognized that practicums are vital for social work students preparing to enter practice. Using a theoretical framework of compounding complexity, the paper considers eight key learnings from the authors’ experiences managing a social work practicum program, contemplating implications for current and future crisis-oriented fieldwork. This paper goes further to challenge a re-evaluation of social work as a result of the pandemic, social movements including the Black Lives Matter movement, as well as the changing socio-economic factors that influence service users’ lives. These conversations have emerged within the pandemic context and afford a moment to reflect on the place and role of social work.Alternate :Le 13 mars 2020, Mount Royal University a répondu à la declaration de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) au sujet de la pandémie et aux directives sanitaires locales en arrêtant tout apprentissage en présentiel, dont les stages de formation pratique. Cet arrêt brutal a été fait pour des raisons de sécuritié et de responsabilité. Reconnaissant que les stages sont essentiels pour les étudiant.e.s en travail social se préparant à exercer la profession, des changements rapides ont été nécessaires, présentant des défis fonctionnels, éhiques et de confidentialité pour les étudiant.e.s et les professeur.e.s. À l’aide d’un cadre théorique de complexité croissante, l’article examine huit enseignements clés tirés des experiences des auteur.e.s dans la gestion d’un programme de stage en travail social, et envisage les implications actuelles et futures pour les stages en contexte de crise. Cet article va plus loin en questionnant et demandant une redéfinition du travail social en réponse à la pandémie, les mouvement sociaux dont Black Lives Matter, ainsi que de l’évolution des facteurs socioéconomiques qui influencent la vie des usagers.ères. Ces conversations ont émergé dans le contexte de la pandémie et offrent un moment de réflexion sur la place et le rôle du travail social.

Paradoxical thinking and entrepreneurial resilience: a study against the backdrop of COVID-19 disruption

Entrepreneurial resilience' acquires seminal significance especially during a crisis situation. With COVID-19 pandemic rendering unprecedented disruption over the worldwide socio-economic landscape, entrepreneurs and business managers necessitate resilience for mitigating various emerging challenges. Modem enterprises often face competing demands and contradictory expectations from its diverse stakeholder groups. Entrepreneur's ability to relentlessly acclimatise and thrive particularly during adversities, while balancing competing needs is a crucial characteristic that bolsters organisational performance. This investigation examines the potential relation between stakeholder engagement, paradoxical thinking/paradox mind-set and entrepreneurial resilience. The entrepreneurs' propensity to integrate conflicting organisational and normative obligations is likely to improve her/his resilience. Contemporary organisations innately embody many contradictory tensions. Paradoxical thinking embraces these tensions and may also help the entrepreneurs to respond with enhanced resilience. This quantitative study involving social entrepreneurs in India against the backdrop of COVID-19 pandemic indicates that stakeholder engagement is positively associated with resilience. This relation is mediated by the entrepreneur's paradoxical mind-set.

Reflections On COVID-19: FCS and Social Entrepreneurship: Partners in Crisis

Loss of life, unemployment, reduced global trade, and changing consumer behavior could contribute to an economic recession on a scale not observed since the Great Depression of the 1930s, particularly if infection rates spike further (Congressional Research Service, 2020). Micro-level decisions to alter individual and family purchase behavior through reacting, coping, and adaptation mechanisms will continue to influence macro-level financial uncertainty (Kirk & Rifkin, 2020). [...]many businesses have redirected innovation efforts (which drive growth) toward solving shortterm problems precipitated by the pandemic (Am et ah, 2020). [...]as expressed by Nickols and Kay (2015) in their Introduction to Remaking Home Economics, times of crisis have a way of revealing deficiencies and complexities involved in ensuring basic needs. [...]although the discipline was founded more than 100 years ago, the need for integrated, human-centered (i.e., FCS) responses to converging crises could not be more relevant than it is today. [...]where there is crisis and challenge that affects the human condition, there is great opportunity for FCS professionals to apply their disciplinary expertise and social entrepreneurship skills in research-based, innovative solutions.

Understanding the Function of a Social Business Ecosystem

Social entrepreneurs face challenging situations in trying to expand and grow businesses with little investment and limited resources. Interactions and networks between social entrepreneurs, investors, and other stakeholders are indispensable in promoting social entrepreneurship. Together, they come to form a cyclical “social business ecosystem” (SBE), in which social entrepreneurs can finance their projects by paying “share transfer fees.” By using a theoretical/mathematical model in our method, this study examines the fundamental role of share transfer fees in an SBE. In particular, it establishes a moral hazard model that can explain important characteristics of an SBE. As main results, the study identifies conditions under which an SBE can mitigate the moral hazard of social entrepreneurs. The results suggest that SBEs work efficiently for relatively small social projects. This is consistent with actual cases of social business. Within this framework, this study also explores the practical implications of knowledge spillover;social entrepreneurs conduct SBEs more efficiently if they take advantage of knowledge spillover.

Social & Solidarity Entrepreneurship What About the Responsible Finance Industry? Case of Moroccan Cooperatives

This paper aims to present Social and solidarity entrepreneurship as a credible model for the emergence of new managerial practices for the solidarity economy companies (SSE, now). This model, especially in times of crises (Covid-19 health, economic, etc.) is an "alternative" to other forms of entrepreneurship specific to the traditional economy due to their double and sometimes triple ultimate goal - achieving financial, social and environmental goals. In recent years, innovative financing mechanisms such as guarantees, impact investing, Crowdfunding and complementary currencies have emerged to address these challenges and enable SSE organizations to thrive. Our study realized in between 2018-2019, on the various initiatives and financing mechanisms with a population of 390 Moroccan cooperatives in the Agadir Souss-Massa region, underline that the financing mechanisms are diversified and presented on the one hand, a certain potential to create and preserve decent jobs, create wealth, reduce social inequalities and advance local development. On the other hand, results showed also a deficiency in the management and diversification of these modes of financing.

Introduction: In These Uncertain Times, Pittsburgh

The issue includes an examination of the history of resistance to the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police, an analysis of mercy as a resistant social value among Black migrants leaving the South in August Wilson's Pittsburgh Play Cycle, and a community-engaged research article offered in support of a reconnection between young Black women and their cultural history in order to enhance maternal health. There is a moving poem that addresses systemic racism and the denial of justice, a living stories analysis of an online writing and performance course that included both police officers and returning citizens, and an interview with a man facing a life sentence in prison, where he offers his perspective on the problems our communities are facing. [...]the issue offers a follow-up to Norman Conti's piece "Stanton Heights," which was published in Kalfou vol. 5, no. 2 (2018), as well as a review of David A. Harris's A City Divided: Race, Fear and the Law in Police Confrontations.

Exploring the role of youth work in the fight against the novel coronavirus in Cape Town

The study aimed to investigate the resourcefulness of young people in response to COVID-19 in Cape Town. A qualitative research method was used, and a purposive sampling technique to select the participants. The study selected 10 young people who were at the forefront against the pandemic. A participatory approach through one-on-one semi-structured interviews was used to collect data. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, and the results presented in raw data to achieve the study objective. The rapid spread of the coronavirus in South Africa affected the health and social lives of young people. Cutting off access to school because of lockdown measures resulted in malnutrition for young people who depend on school food schemes. The study findings revealed that digital dexterity, community screening, food parcel distribution, social distance monitoring, and educational awareness comprise the strong reaction that young people embarked on in response to COVID-19. In conclusion, the study recommends that the National Youth Development Agency should offer a grant for young emerging social entrepreneurs during and after COVID-19 to respond to societal issues that affect them and promote community development.