The relationship between the psychological capital of male individuals with drug abuse and relapse tendency: A moderated mediation model.

This study aims to explore the mechanism of psychological capital's influence on relapse tendency of drug addicts under the COVID-19, and construct a moderated mediation model. 977 individuals with drug addiction who come from a mandatory drug rehabilitation center in China completed the Chinese versions of Psychological capital Questionnaire, the Relapse Tendency Questionnaire,the Coping Style Questionnarie and the Life History Strategy Scale.The results showed that(1) there was a significant negative correlation between psychological capital and relapse tendency;(2)positive coping style mediated the relationship between psychological capital and relapse tendency;(3) life history strategy is an important moderator between psychological capital and positive coping style.These findings help us to better understand the impact of psychological capital and positive coping style on relapse tendency.

Assessment and Correlation of Adverse Events Following Coronavirus Disease Vaccination with Blood Group and Dietary Style

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess and correlate adverse drug events following coronavirus disease (COVID) vaccination with blood group and dietary style. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried out from May 2021 to July 2021. A prevalidated Google questionnaire containing demographic details, dietary style, blood group, preexisting diseases, and adverse events of the COVID vaccine was circulated to all health-care professionals of our institution through mail/WhatsApp. Informed consent was obtained (in Google Forms) from all the participants after describing the purpose of the study and the assurance to maintain anonymity and confidentiality. A total of 102 responses were collected, out of which 100 (n = 100) responses were analyzed and interpreted (two responses were excluded since participants are not vaccinated). The descriptive statistical method is applied for the assessment of adverse events. The Chi-square test is applied to assess the correlation between adverse events with blood group and dietary style. P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of the participants had comorbidities (80%) and were not infected with COVID (90%) before vaccination. Pain at the injection site is very frequently experienced followed by body aches, fatigue, fever, and weakness of the arm. The Chi-square correlation test showed that nonvegetarians had a significantly higher incidence of pain at the injection site compared to vegetarians [?(2) = 7.799, P < 0.004]. However, the study did not find a significant association between other adverse events with blood group and dietary style of the participants (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The present study concludes that study participants experienced minor adverse events following Covishield and Covaxin;pain at the injection site, myalgia, and fever are more frequent. Moreover, there is a higher incidence of injection site pain in nonvegetarians compared to vegetarians. However, there is no significant association between other adverse events with blood group and dietary style of the participants.

Consumer Habits of Domestic Tourists in Croatia: Motivation, Behavioural Intentions and Cocreation of Tourist Experience

The economy of the Republic of Croatia is dependent on the tourism industry. The current crisis in the global tourism market, caused by the Covid 19 pandemic, has highlighted the impor-tance of the domestic market for the survival of tourism and the Croatian economy as a whole. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the consumer habits of domestic tourists, fo-cusing on the characteristics of travel, motivation and behavioural intentions and co-creation of the tourist experience to better understand the behaviour of tourists. The paper is based on an empirical study conducted on a sample of domestic tourists. The research results show that the majority of tourists organize their own travel and that the main source of information for them is the Internet. The most common reasons for traveling are rest and relaxation, fun and new experiences. Using cluster analysis, three segments of domestic tourists were identified (Youth, Couples and Families with Children), and differences were found among them in terms of travel characteristics, travel motivation, behavioural intentions, degree of tourists' involvement in travel preparation, and degree of co-creation of the tourist experience. The paper contributes to the understanding of motives and behavioural patterns of domestic tourists. The research findings can be used by marketing manag-ers in travel agencies and tourist destinations to better address the needs of domestic tourists.

Psycholinguistic changes in the communication of adolescent users in a suicidal ideation online community during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, increases in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adolescents have been registered. Many adolescents experiencing suicidal ideation turn to online communities for social support. In this retrospective observational study, we investigated the communication-language style, contents and user activity-in 7975 unique posts and 51,119 comments by N = 2862 active adolescent users in a large suicidal ideation support community (SISC) on the social media website reddit.com in the onset period of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found significant relative changes in language style markers for hopelessness such as negative emotion words (+ 10.00%) and positive emotion words (- 3.45%) as well as for social disengagement such as social references (- 8.63%) and 2nd person pronouns (- 33.97%) since the outbreak of the pandemic. Using topic modeling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), we identified significant changes in content for the topics Hopelessness (+ 23.98%), Suicide Methods (+ 17.11%), Social Support (- 14.91%), and Reaching Out to users (- 28.97%). Changes in user activity point to an increased expression of mental health issues and decreased engagement with other users. The results indicate a potential shift in communication patterns with more adolescent users expressing their suicidal ideation rather than relating with or supporting other users during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight loss of Korean athletes: changes in athletes' physical activity and eating behavior.

PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the physical activity and eating habits of elite athletes to identify changes in their weight and participation levels in competitions pre- and post-COVID-19, and to establish a database of the abovementioned factors for the post-COVID-19 period. METHODS: This study surveyed 913 elite adult athletes from 22 sports. They were divided into two groups: weight loss athletes' group (WLG) and non-weight loss athletes' group (NWLG). In addition to demographic factors, the questionnaire included questions about physical activity, sleep, and eating habits pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic. The survey included 46 questions requiring short subjective answers. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: In the post-COVID-19 pandemic period, physical activity and sitting decreased in athletes of both groups. The difference in the number of meals consumed by both groups varied, and the number of tournaments the athletes participated in decreased for all sports. The success or failure of weight loss is essential for maintaining athletes' performance and health. CONCLUSION: Coaches play an important role in investigating and managing the weight loss regimen of athletes during crisis situations like a pandemic. Additionally, athletes must find the best way to maintain their competencies to the standards set before COVID-19. Adhering to such a regimen will have the greatest impact on their tournament participation in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period.

Political ideology shapes risk and benefit judgments of COVID-19 vaccines.

In April 2021, the use of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine was paused to investigate whether it had caused serious blood clots to a small number of women (six out of 6.8 million Americans who had been administered that vaccine). As these events were unfolding, we surveyed a sample of Americans (N = 625) to assess their reactions to this news, whether they supported the pausing of the vaccine, and potential psychological factors underlying their decision. In addition, we employed automated text analyses as a supporting method to more classical quantitative measures. Results showed that political ideology influenced the support for the pausing of the vaccine; liberals were more likely to oppose it than conservatives. In addition, the effect of political ideology was mediated by the difference between perceived benefit and risk and the language style used to produce reasons in support (or against) the decision to pause the vaccine. Liberals perceived the benefit of vaccines higher than the risk, used a more analytic language style when stating their reasons, and had a more positive attitude toward the vaccine. We discuss the implications of our findings considering vaccine hesitancy and risk perception during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Burden of Survivorship: Survivor Guilt and Its Association with Psychiatric Sequelae in COVID-19 Patients.

COVID-19 survivors struggle with intense depressive and post-traumatic symptoms in sub-acute stages. Survivor guilt may affect post-acute psychopathology. Herein, we aim to unveil the potential affective mechanism underpinning post-COVID psychiatric implications by focusing on the association of survivor guilt with psychopathology and maladaptive attributional style. At one month after discharge, we evaluated symptoms of depression on The Zung Severity Rating Scale (ZSDS), post-traumatic distress on Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and sleep disturbances on the Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS) in 195 COVID-19 survivors. Interpersonal Guilt Rating Scale (IGRS-15) rated survivor guilt. A discrepancy score between the burden of depression and post-traumatic distress symptoms was computed individually. Dysfunctional depressive attributions were assessed through the Cognition Questionnaire (CQ). Survivor guilt significantly predicts all evaluated psychopathological dimensions. Moreover, higher rates of survivor guilt were associated with an overlap between post-traumatic and depressive symptomatology, thus suggesting that survivor guilt equally sustains both psychiatric manifestations. Finally, survivor guilt fully mediated the relationship between dysfunctional depressive attributions and the discrepancy index. Our results confirm survivor guilt as a clinically relevant form of suffering related to psychopathological dimensions of post COVID-19 infection, gaining the status of a specific phenomenon and a promising treatment target.

Anxiety, coping style and hopelessness during COVID-19 pandemic: An Iranian population-based study.

Background and Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused new conditions such as nationwide quarantine, a dramatic decrease in-person interaction and an increase in death anxiety for governments and people. The pandemic of an unpredictable disease with no definite treatment can pose physical and psychological risks to individuals. The present study aimed to investigate the state of anxiety, coping styles, and hopelessness of people in the lockdown period and reopening in Iran. Methods: In this national population-based cross-sectional study, a total of 1191 people who had access to social networks from all over Iran completed the anxiety, hopelessness, and coping style questionnaires online using the snowball sampling method. Analysis was conducted using Stata software version 12 (Stat Corp). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The results of the study suggested that women experienced higher levels of anxiety than men, and, in stressful situations, women were more likely to use emotion-focused coping styles, while men frequently used problem-focused coping styles. The majority of participants reported moderate levels of anxiety and low levels of hopelessness (64.04%). The results of multiple linear regression show any level of anxiety mild (ß = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32-0.85), moderate (ß = 0.72, 95% CI: 1.36-1.08), and severe (ß = 2, 95% CI: 1.36-2.56) relative to the none anxiety significantly increase the hopelessness, Furthermore, showing a negative significant adjusted association with the problem-focused coping style (ß = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.07 to -0.04), and a significant positive association with the emotion-focused coping style (ß = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02-0.06). Conclusion: Our findings could be used to prevent psychological damage in societies and suggested addressing problem-focused coping style, especially during a crisis, and providing people with preprepared mental health protocols at this pandemic.