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The article examines the current state and prospects for the development of transport and the transport system in Ukraine. The study of the state of development of transport and the transport system of Ukraine in recent years shows unstable dynamics, which is mainly related to the economic and geopolitical crisis in the country, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The level of transport service for the population of Ukraine is significantly inferior to the indicators of developed countries of the world. A necessary condition for effective development and overcoming the consequences of crisis phenomena in the transport industry, in particular those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, is the development and modernization of Ukraine's transport infrastructure in accordance with modern technological requirements. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Xhaul, a mobile transport network, is a critical lifeline in imminent global crises: the combination of the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical conflict. Not only did the Russia-Ukraine war cause a global energy crisis, but it also put more energy stress on the 5G Xhaul. It also shows that the sustainability of a country depends on the unbroken Xhaul. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 outbreak has triggered the largest human-virus war of this century. It needs the ubiquitous 5G Xhaul to monitor the spread of COVID-19. Once crises occur, turning them into opportunities often requires new ways of seeing, considering, and responding to the 5G Xhaul provisioning. Facing more unpredictable situations, Chunghwa Telecom (CHT), the largest service provider in Taiwan, embraces the challenges and proposes practical solutions. This study aims to discuss the new 5G Xhaul provisioning strategies to achieve sustainable development goals in this turbulent era. © 2022 IEEE.
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Sudden infectious diseases and other malignant events cause excessive costs in the supply chain, particularly in the transportation sector. This issue, along with the uncertainty of the development of global epidemics and the frequency of extreme natural disaster events, continues to provoke discussion and reflection. However, transport systems involve interactions between different modes, which are further complicated by the reliable coupling of multiple modes. Therefore, for the vital subsystem of the supply chain-multimodal transport, in this paper, a heuristic algorithm considering node topology and transport characteristics in a multimodal transport network (MTN): the Reliability Oriented Routing Algorithm (RORA), is proposed based on the super-network and improved k-shell (IKS) algorithm. An empirical case based on the Yangtze River Delta region of China demonstrates that RORA enables a 16% reduction in the boundary value for route failure and a reduction of about 60.58% in the route cost increase compared to the typical cost-optimal algorithm, which means that RORA results in a more reliable routing solution. The analysis of network reliability also shows that the IKS values of the nodes are positively correlated with the reliability of the MTN, and nodes with different modes may have different transport reliabilities (highest for highways and lowest for inland waterways). These findings inform a reliability-based scheme and network design for multimodal transportation. Practical Applications: Recently, the COVID-19 epidemic and the frequency of natural disasters such as floods have prompted scholars to consider transport reliability. Therefore, efficient and reliable cargo transportation solutions are crucial for the sustainable development of multimodal transport in a country or region. In this paper, a new algorithm is designed to obtain a reliability-oriented optimal routing scheme for multimodal transport. Using actual data from the Yangtze River Delta region of China as an example for experimental analysis, we obtain that: (1) the proposed algorithm is superior in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and route reliability, which means that the new algorithm can quickly find more reliable routing solutions in the event of urban transport infrastructure failures;and (2) highway hubs have the greatest transport reliability. Conversely, inland waterway hubs are the least reliable. The influence of national highways and railways on the multimodal transport system is unbalanced. These findings provide decision support to transport policymakers on reliability. For example, transport investments should be focused on building large infrastructure and increasing transport capacity, strengthening the connectivity of inland waterway hubs to hubs with higher transport advantages, and leveraging the role of large hubs. © 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, many discussions arose about how digitalization is crucial for maintaining supply chains and ensuring the continuity of transport networks, especially shipping. At this stage, one of the most promising ways to improve efficiency is by introducing digitalization in the maritime industry. After all, the main goals in the information age are the digitalization of information and its proper use. Today, the business world expects faster service, simpler processes, and better efficiency from all companies and individuals. The transition of modern society to the information age challenges one of the main tasks of education to be the formation of the foundations of the information culture of the future specialist. However, all stakeholders are connected through a network, and illustrating the maritime transport process and the roles of its participants can elucidate the special features that are unique to the industry. Advances in information transfer, data analysis, and encryption techniques can reshape the business landscape and allow for managerial innovation, as well as new or complementary forms of learning to achieve it. But the pandemic has also led to a complete reorganization of the provision of education around the world. In practice, the learning process has been continued through a combination of different approaches. One of them is the implementation of web-based software for the shipping industry. Its products help make accurate and efficient business decisions and are designed for brokers, operators, shipowners, research firms, and financial institutions. The purpose of the article is to consider the presented software as a tool that may support maritime education and industry. © 2022 IAMUC. All Rights Reserved.
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The outbreak of COVID-19 has made a profound impact on mobility, especially for public transport users. Extensive research has been conducted on the change of travel patterns in major cities where public transport systems have been well developed and heavily used. However, in small cities, the public transport network is relatively sparse, especially in suburban areas, which makes the corresponding travel patterns differ from those in major cities. Therefore, proper investigation of the public transport usage in such small cities is still needed, especially under the COVID-19 impact. This paper aims to reveal the change of public transport users' travel patterns based on a comparative study of public transport usage Pre-COVID and during the COVID-19 period. The Illawarra, a coastal region close to Sydney in Australia is used as a case study. Smart card data is used to reveal relevant changes in both intraregion (in the Illawarra) and inter-region (between the Illawarra and Sydney) travels in consideration of heterogeneous user groups. The results show a significant decrease (around 47%) in public transport ridership by both train and bus. However, compared to intra-region ridership, the inter-region trips by train drop much more (around 62%). Moreover, heterogeneous age group passengers show different changes after the COVID-19 outbreak. The research findings are expected to provide valuable suggestions for policy making and public transport service adjustment when a similar crisis occurs again. © 2022 IEEE.
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In 2017, the town of Innisfil, Ontario, launched Innisfil Transit in partnership with Uber, a transportation network company, to provide a subsidized on-demand public mobility service as an alternative to investing in a new fixed-route bus service. The performance of Innisfil Transit is documented in a 2021 Ryerson University report by Sweet, Mitra, and Benaroya, which shows greater cost effectiveness of the mobility provided over the proposed bus alternative. This paper expands on those findings by assessing Innisfil Transit with respect to sustainability, scalability, and resiliency. First, we quantify the energy and emissions of this program relative to traditional transit and driving alone across varying powertrains. We then characterize a conservative first-order estimate of the percentage of US communities that fall within a similar spatial-demographic tier as Innisfil. Replicability also hinges on service cost and performance in comparison to average values for low-density transit in the US. Lastly, most transit agencies experienced a significant drop in demand (as much as 90%) with slowly rebounding ridership since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The resiliency of the Innisfil program to the pressures induced by the pandemic is examined in comparison to other transit operations. The lessons learned across these three dimensions complement prior work to better understand the efficiency and sustainability of on-demand public mobility service for low-density communities like Innisfil. © ASCE. All rights reserved.
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With the proposal of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutralization", Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) has gradually garnered the attention of energy market as a clean and low-carbon energy. In this context, it is of great significance to analyze the evolution mode of the LNG maritime transport network, so as to master the dynamic of global energy pattern and the status of China's import trade. In this paper, the evolution trend of the global LNG maritime transport network from 2018 to 2020 is explored based on the ship trajectory data and complex network theory. Meanwhile, according to China's trade status, LNG import sources, distribution of main import ports, and the inflow status of the top three import ports in China are analyzed. The results show that: (1) From 2018 to 2020, the global LNG maritime transport network expanded with a "scale-free" characteristic. The "breadth" and "depth" of node connections in the backbone network are increasing, and there is a risk that global LNG trade will become monopolistic;(2) The countries along the "Belt and Road Initiative" actively participated in trade. The numbers of import ports and import voyages in Central and North America, South and Southeast Asia have significantly increased, and in particular, Sabetta and Bonny ranked the top eight globally according to their export volume;(3) The average shortest path length of the network is increasing year by year from 2018 to 2020, and the new mode of "transshipment port" business is gradually emerging. By 2020, 21 transshipment ports have participated in LNG trade, and the United States occupies the dominant position in global transshipment;(4) In recent three years, China's LNG import scale has developed rapidly, and the flow direction of the maritime transport network tends to be diversified. However, Australia is still the main LNG source for China. In terms of import volume, the ports of Tianjin, Shenzhen, and Yung'an rank the top three in China, and the pressure to reduce carbon emissions has prompted the economically developed regions to build terminals and increase imports. © 2022, Science Press. All right reserved.
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COVID-19 has critically impacted many aspects of societies worldwide, particularly on mobility. This chapter summarizes impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, reviews existing research, and identifies future research needs in the scope of traffic theory and modeling/optimization and traffic flow. We first review models on contagion spreading through transportation networks, including aggregated spatial metapopulation models and disaggregated individual-based models. Further research is needed to consider both intercity and intracity mobilities and leverage emerging multiple data resources for constructing individuals’ complete trip chains. Based on modeling contagion spreading, we further discuss transport operation needs in the aftermath of COVID-19. There remains a need for operating multimodal urban transport systems to satisfy basic travel demands while minimizing contagion risks. Relevant research needs are identified in optimizing transport operation via modern data acquisition technologies and advanced modeling methods. Practical intervention measures and policy implications are recommended for optimizing transport systems during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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This paper proposes the Susceptible-exposed of Small-world Network Model (SSEM) by combining the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model with the Small-world Network (SN) model. The scenarios of COVID-19 propagation in urban public transport network was set by the specific model parameters. A study area, Huicheng District, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, China, was selected to estimate the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of COVID-19 within 12 hours based on SSEM. The results show that, without taking protective measures, if the two infectious source were in a bus, after 12 hours, 324 bus stations, 762 infected people and 68.85km2 were covered in the study area. The results of this study will provide a reference for the future study of COVID-19 virus transmission mechanism in the small enclosed environment. © 2021 IEEE.
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As the COVID-19 becomes more prevalent worldwide, many countries take various measures to minimize the spread of infection. Since the main route of transmission of covid-19 is through the air, an analysis of transport, particularly global air traffic nodes, will provide a visual representation of the impact of covid-19 on the worldwide air transport industry. This paper uses publicly available aviation data to model the network and analyze the topology of the world aviation network before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019 and 2020 to analyze the impact of the covid-19 epidemic on the world's aviation industry. First, we successfully visualized the significance of the change in the number of flight routes before and after the outbreak and the different distribution in each region by modeling the worldwide airline traffic network. Then, after a series of analyses and investigations. Second, we collected open-source data showing that the overall number of flights worldwide has been downward following the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on this information, we have chosen to conduct specific studies of countries and regions where there have been significant changes since the outbreak of covid-19, combined with reasonable hypotheses and analysis of local traffic control policies, and deduced that covid-19 had affected people's lives more from a policy rather than a medical perspective. Finally, we built up visual analysis images and tables to base our research using open-source aviation data sites such as open-fight. The results show that the analyzed aviation networks exhibit small-world characteristics, with the total number of flights not changing significantly due to the outbreak. However, the number of routes to the most crucial airport nodes worldwide decreases, and centrality diminishes, and the number of direct flights reductions and the increase of connecting flights. © 2021 IEEE.
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Airport operations are undergoing significant change, having to meet pandemic requirements in addition to intrinsic security requirements. Although air traffic has declined massively, airports are still the critical hubs of the air transport network. The new restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic pose new challenges for airport operators in redesigning airport terminals and managing passenger flows. To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 restrictions, we implement a reference airport environment. In this reference Airport in the Lab environment we will demonstrate the operational consequences derived from the new operational requirements. In addition, countermeasures to mitigate any negative impacts of these changes are tested. The results highlight emerging issues that the airport will most likely face and possible solutions. Finally, we could apply the findings and lessons learned from our testing at our reference airport to a real airport. © 2021 IEEE.
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The COVID19 pandemic shifted the focus and attention of political decision-makers and strategic planers over the past years. There is an emerging need to address the local and regional differences of the impact of policies and demonstrate to airspace users and the travelling public how the air transportation system responds to such large-scale events. This paper approaches the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as a massive air service disruption of the pre-pandemic global connectivity and regional air transport networks. A resilience based approach is followed to identify and quantify the impact levels. For this initial application the parameters have been chosen in accordance with the operational experience of the authors. This paper applies a data driven approach and uses open and crowd-collected data to assess the impact of COVID-19. This included data preparatory action to augment the ADSB based data set with other publicly available data sources to provide a basis for the analysis of three major regional air transport networks. The analytical results were obtained for the United States, Europe, and Brazil for the pandemic period 2020 and the first half of 2021. The year 2019 is used for reference purposes and to establish a baseline for the impact evaluation. The analysis of the developments in Brazil, Europe, and the United States showed similarities but also stark differences in terms of the response to curb the spread of COVID-19 and associated travel policies. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility to address global air transport problems with open and crowd sourced data. Future work to harmonize the open data collection and utility can provide a basis for a more open and transparent management of air transportation crisis response, evaluation, or strategic planning. The initial approach to address resilience can further inform the on-going work of the ICAO performance expert group under the Global Air Navigation Plan. © 2021 IEEE.
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The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 greatly impacted China's transportation industry. This paper aims to analyze this impact and the indispensable role of public transport control measures in preventing the spread of the epidemic. The impact of SARS and COVID-19 was compared. Taking Hebei Province as an example, the impact of the epidemic on the public transport industry was analyzed. The information of Jincheng public transport network and bus IC card data were selected for analysis. The parameters of bus network density and bus line repetition coefficient were calculated. The number of bus departures of each line before and after Jincheng epidemic was counted. Based on the data of bus IC card, the dynamic network of passenger contact was constructed, and the passenger contact network diagram was drawn. The analysis results can inform and enable urban public transport departments to take control measures when public health emergencies occur. © 2021 CICTP 2021: Advanced Transportation, Enhanced Connection - Proceedings of the 21st COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. All rights reserved.
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The structure of complex networks has long been understood to play a role in transmission and spreading phenomena on a graph. Such networks form an important part of the structure of society, including transportation networks. As society fights to control the COVID-19 pandemic, an important question is how to choose the optimum balance between the full opening of transport networks and the control of epidemic spread. In this work we investigate the interplay between network dismantling and epidemic spread rate as a proxy for the imposition of travel restrictions to control disease spread. For network dismantling we focus on the weighted and unweighted forms of metrics that capture the topological and informational structure of the network. Our results indicate that there is benefit to a directed approach to imposing travel restrictions, but we identify that more detailed models of the transport network are necessary for definitive results.
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The trucking industry is the backbone of domestic supply chains. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, road transportation has been essential to guarantee the supply of basic goods to confined urban areas. However, the connectivity of the trucking network can also act as an efficient virus spreader. This paper applies network science to uncover the characteristics of the trucking network in one major Latin American country -Colombia- and provides evidence on freight networks' ability to spread contagious diseases spatially. Network metrics, official COVID-19 records at the municipality level, and a zero-inflated negative binomial model are used to test the association between network topology and confirmed COVID-19 cases. Results suggest that: (i) the number of COVID-19 cases in a municipality is linked to its level and type of network centrality; and (ii) being a port-city and a primary economic hub in the trucking network is associated with a higher probability of contracting earlier a pandemic. Based on these results, a risk-based approach is proposed to help policymakers implement containment measures.