Stabilise, balance and adjust—Framing the early years transitions of children whose parents work non‐standard hours

This study examined talk by parents about the early years transitions of their children (n = 7) in the context of parental non‐standard working hours and Finnish early childhood education and care (ECEC) services. Parents were interviewed at three time points: when their child was aged one, four, five or six years (a total of 21 interviews). The third interview was conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article focuses on the children's ECEC transitions and the interpretative frames used by parents when talking about their work and childcare. The frames used by the parents to discuss the children's transitions were stabilising the children's lives, balancing between staying at home and attending ECEC and adjusting to norms and rules. The diversity of families' experiences and their children's transitions during the early years should be considered when developing family policy and ECEC services. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Social Welfare is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

A Moderated-Mediation Model of Work-Family Conflict in the COVID-19 Crisis: JMI

The COVID-19 pandemic and societal mitigation efforts (e.g., mandated quarantine and social distancing) inflicted mental and emotional strain on working parents navigating conflicting demands between the work and non-work interface. This research examines how organizational leaders can help employees cope with the additional stress of the crisis and reduce detrimental outcomes to their careers, families, and organizations. Utilizing stressor-strain theory, this study investigates the relationship between stressors (i.e., work-family conflict and role overload) and strain (i.e., turnover intentions) as a function of a relationally-influenced psychological state (i.e., trust in management) in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. Data analyzed from 393 working adults indicated that trust in management moderated (attenuated) the relationship between role overload and turnover intentions, and the interaction between role overload and trust in management mediated the relationship between work-family conflict and turnover intentions. This moderated-mediation model empirically validates how organizational leaders can help mitigate employee stress induced during crisis situations.

Cultures of Play: Actors, Affordances and Arenas

The principles of EECERA focus on providing a relevant and rigorous academic forum in Europe;facilitating collaboration and cooperation between European researchers and other researchers around the world;encouraging clear articulation and communication links between research, practice, and policy;and offering interaction, development, and support to those interested in early childhood education. The conference aimed to answer the following questions: * In what ways do cultures shape play in early childhood across time and space? * How is play sculpted by its actors, affordances, and arenas? * In light of the recent global pandemic and other disruptions to daily life, how does play feature in research, teaching, and experience? In addition to these thought-provoking keynote addresses, researchers and practitioners engaged in special interest group presentations in the following areas: birth to three, children from refugee or migrant backgrounds, digital childhoods, multimodality and STEM, disability studies and inclusive education in the early years, gender balance, holistic wellbeing, mathematics birth to 8 years, multilingual childhoods, outdoor play and learning, participatory pedagogy and praxeological research, professionalism in early childhood education and care, rethinking play, sustainability in early childhood education, transforming assessment evaluation and documentation in early childhood pedagogy, transitions, working with parents and families, and young children's perspectives.

Parenting Without Predictability: Precarious Schedules, Parental Strain, and Work-Life Conflict

Against the backdrop of dramatic changes in work and family life, this article draws on survey data from 2,971 mothers working in the service sector to examine how unpredictable schedules are associated with three dimensions of parenting: difficulty arranging childcare, work-life conflict, and parenting stress. Results demonstrate that on-call shifts, shift timing changes, work hour volatility, and short advance notice of work schedules are positively associated with difficulty arranging childcare and work-life conflict. Mothers working these schedules are more likely to miss work. We consider how family structure and race moderate the relationship between schedule instability and these dimensions of parenting. Unstable work schedules, we argue, have important consequences for mothers working in the service industry.

Acceptability of e-training to support dentists to discuss tooth-kind behaviours with parents: Presenter(s): Sarah Peters, University of Manchester, United Kingdom

Tooth decay is preventable, through health behaviours (e.g. tooth brushing and limiting sugar consumption). However, in the UK, the most common reason for hospital admission in young children is to have decayed teeth removed under general anaesthetic. Dentists report finding behaviour change conversations challenging, and often use approaches known to be ineffective in changing behaviours (e.g. information giving, fear tactics). The study aim was to investigate the acceptability of a health psychology-informed behaviour change communication toolkit. A brief, interactive online training course was developed and made available to a sample of 117 dentists, trainees and allied practitioners. At baseline and post-training, participants completed questionnaires of knowledge, motivation, and confidence in holding behaviour change conversations. In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 16 practitioners to investigate how the intervention could be developed in the context of COVID-19, which has severely disrupted routine dental services. Participants valued the training, which they described as novel and provided them with new strategies to enhance behaviour change conversations. Post-training questionnaires indicated participants felt more confident after training, with increased knowledge around planning and initiating behaviour change conversations with families. Early years practitioners working in a variety of non-dental settings (e.g. nurseries and children's centres) reported opportunities to have behaviour change conversations with parents, and welcomed further tailoring of the online training to help them capitalise on these interactions within these settings. Dental and non-dental practitioners are similarly motivated to have conversations with parents about improving their oral health. Brief online training can improve their capability to initiate these conversations in ways that do not damage the therapeutic relationship. To recover oral health services beyond COVID-19, there is potential for professionals working with parents in non-dental settings to develop skills in oral health promotion. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Patient Education & Counseling is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Privileged dependence, precarious autonomy: Parent/young adult relationships through the lens of COVID-19

Objective: This article identifies how social class differences in undergraduates' relationships with their parents shaped their responses to educational disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Background: The mechanisms through which parents transmit class advantages to children are often hidden from view and therefore remain imperfectly understood. This study uses the case of the COVID-19 pandemic to examine how young adults from different social class backgrounds expect, negotiate, and attach meaning to parental support. Methods: This study draws from in-depth interviews with 48 Black and White upper-middle and working-class undergraduates from a single elite university, along with 10 of their mothers. Results: Facing pandemic-related disruptions, upper-middle-class students typically sought substantial direction and material assistance from parents. In contrast, working-class students typically assumed more responsibility for their own-and sometimes other family members'-well-being. These classed patterns of "privileged dependence" and "precarious autonomy" were shaped by students' understandings of family members' authority, needs, and responsibilities. Conclusion: Upper-middle-class students' greater dependence on parents functioned as a protective force, enabling them to benefit from parents' material and academic support during the transition to remote instruction. These short-term protections may yield long-term payoffs denied their working-class peers. Beyond the immediate context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the concepts of "privileged dependence" and "precarious autonomy" offer scholars a set of theoretical tools for understanding class inequality in other young adult contexts.

Dynamika i kontekst doświadczeń emocjonalnych pracujących zawodowo rodziców w czasie pandemii COVID-19

Abstrakt: Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja doświadczeń emocjonalnych pracujących zawodowo rodziców w kontekście zmian wywołanych przez pandemię COVID-19, związanych z rozmyciem czasowych i przestrzennych granic między pracą zawodową a życiem prywatnym. Autorki stawiają tezę, że konfiguracja praca zawodowa-rodzina stanowi kluczowy czynnik pośredniczący pomiędzy kryzysem makrospołecznym (globalnym) a kondycją emocjonalną jednostek. Ramy teoretyczne podjętych analiz wyznaczają teorie obszarów granicznych (ang. boundary theory i work-family border theory) wzbogacone o wybrane założenia teorii z zakresu socjologii emocji sytuujących się na pograniczu podejść interakcjonistycznego i kulturowego. Podstawę empiryczną artykułu stanowią badania własne obejmujące wywiady pogłębione z pracującymi zawodowo rodzicami co najmniej jednego dziecka poniżej 12. roku życia, którzy na skutek pandemii pracowali w domu. Wnioski z badań pozwalają opisać warunki, w których na skutek działania procesów globalnych dochodzi do przekształceń w obszarach pracy zawodowej i życia rodzinnego, prowadzących do destabilizacji emocjonalnej jednostek. Wyniki badań pozwalają również sformułować głos w dyskusji dotyczącej teorii obszarów granicznych - opisujących relacje pomiędzy pracą zawodową a życiem prywatnym wobec narastającej złożoności, płynności i niepewności współczesnych powiązań między nimi.Alternate :This paper aims to reconstruct the emotional experiences of working parents facing the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, related to the blurring of temporal and spatial boundaries between professional work and private life. The authors argue that the work-family configuration is a crucial factor mediating the macro-social (global) crisis and the emotional condition of individuals. The theoretical framework of the present analyses includes the boundary theory and work-family border theory, enriched with selected assumptions of the sociological theories of emotions located on the border of the interactionist and cultural approaches. The paper's empirical basis involves the authors' research, including in-depth interviews with parents of at least one child under 12 years of age who worked professionally at home due to the pandemic. The conclusions from the research make it possible to describe how the global processes result in the transformation of professional work and family life, leading to an emotional destabilization of individuals. Moreover, the authors take a stand in the discussion on the boundary theory, describing the relations between professional work and private life in light of an increasing complexity, fluidity, and uncertainty of contemporary connections between them.

Mental health of working parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: can resilience buffer the impact of psychosocial work stress on depressive symptoms?

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has confronted working parents with an accumulation of stressors regarding changes in work, family, and social life, putting their mental health at risk. Stressors include altered working conditions such as working from home or changes in working hours as well as the difficulty to reconcile work and childcare due to the closure of childcare facilities. The present study examined the relationship of psychosocial work stress (i.e., work-privacy conflict and effort-reward imbalance at work) and depressive symptoms in working parents and whether this association was moderated by individual resilience. METHODS: Data of the present study (n = 452) were collected in Germany between May and June 2020 as part of the DREAMCORONA study. A subsample of working mothers (n = 191) and fathers (n = 261) completed the subscale for work-privacy conflict (WPC) of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Multiple linear regression analyses including moderation were performed, controlling for gender, working hours per week, and a lifetime history of depression as potential confounders. RESULTS: Both WPC (ß = 0.336, p < .001) and ERI (ß = 0.254, p < .001) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Resilience moderated the relationship between ERI and depressive symptoms (ß = - 0.101, p = .018), indicating that higher resilience weakened the relationship. However, this effect was not found regarding the relationship between WPC and depressive symptoms (ß = 0.055, p = .167). CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the need for measures to reduce psychosocial work stressors such as WPC and ERI during the COVID-19 pandemic on the one hand and to promote resilience on the other hand. The findings partially support the potential protective role of resilience buffering the association between psychosocial stress and mental health in working parents. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this effect.

How the mental health of working parents in Australia changed during COVID-19: A pre- to during pandemic longitudinal comparison.

BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies indicate that mental health has deteriorated in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic, including for parents. However, robust longitudinal studies interrogating change from before to during the pandemic remain rare. The current study analysed data from Australian parents surveyed in 2016 and August 2020. We investigate whether distress was higher in the COVID-19 period compared to pre-pandemic levels, and whether any increases in distress were greatest for parents living in Victoria (who had entered their second prolonged lockdown). METHODS: A community cohort of Australian working parents (n = 5197) was recruited online in 2016. In August 2020, 25.9 % (n = 1348) completed a follow-up survey. Analyses were restricted to those employed at both time-points (n = 1311). Random effects longitudinal models examined the association between time (i.e. pre vs. during-pandemic) and distress (K6 scale). Fixed effects models specifically tested change between time periods in association with change in distress. LIMITATIONS: The initial sample were recruited online with highly educate parents over-represented. Attrition between survey time-points may also limit generalisability. RESULTS: All models consistently showed that the pandemic period was associated with greater distress. Overall, serious mental illness (i.e. K6 score ≥ 18) increased by 5.3 percentage points (from 8.0 to 13.3). This increase was greater (by 4.7 percentage points) for those parents in Victoria. CONCLUSIONS: This study is one of few to longitudinally assess mental health pre- to during the pandemic. Psychological distress and serious mental illness increased for Australian working parents, and this effect was greatest for those experiencing a prolonged lockdown in Victoria.

Work-family interface in doctoral level occupations: A qualitative study of understanding the experiences of dual-earner families

The work-family interface continues to change as modern family dynamics shift and diversity in the workforce increases. Dual-earner couples with children are just one example of the complexities affecting families that are increasingly present in the workplace. This qualitative study examined several factors that are under addressed in the current work-family literature, focusing on dual-earner couples with children, same-sex dual-earner couples, and families where at least one partner has a doctoral level occupation. The current study included both heterosexual and sexual minority (i.e., same-sex) couples to reflect families in current American society, and to contribute to the limited body of research on same-sex couples in the work-family interface. The objectives of this study were to understand more about the work-family interface among dual-earner couples in doctoral level occupations, to understand how couple relationships and parenting are influenced by navigating both work and home domains, and to understand the role of occupational and organizational factors such as family-friendly policies in supporting one's home and family life. A semi-structured qualitative interview with couples was used to gather data, which was analyzed using generic qualitative inquiry and thematic analysis. The overall findings of this study were that participants experience a variety of negative and positive impacts due to the factors of spillover, being a working parent, being in a doctoral level occupation, the family-friendly policies at their workplaces, COVID-19, being a dual-earner couple, the influence of gender roles, and sexual orientation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

THE RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS' PARENTING PATTERNS WITH ONLINE GAME ADDICTION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AT SMK MECHANIKA CIREBON

Since the outbreak of Covid-19, the activities of parents and children have changed, many parents who experience stress due to their business experiencing a decrease in income and even going out of business, while some have to work at home using the WFH (Work from Home) system set by other companies and institutions. Stress conditions experienced by parents have a relationship with the parenting style given by parents to their children, there is a statistically significant relationship between the stress conditions of parents and the parenting style of parents for their children The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between parenting and online game addiction at SMK Mekanika Cirebon. The method used is descriptive quantitative with survey research. Data collection by questionnaire. 220 Participants were taken by proportional random sampling. Data analysis with simple regression test method with the help of SPSS. Based on the values obtained, it shows that the percentage of the influence of the parenting style variable on online game addiction is 22, 28%, while the remaining 7.72% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. This study concludes that the characteristics of respondents consist of the work of parents of private employees, students in class XII are male with a duration of playing games more than 3 hours/day. The parenting pattern used by parents for students at SMK Mekanika Cirebon is democratic parenting, the level of addiction game online on students at SMK Mekanika Cirebon is relatively low. There is a relationship between parenting patterns and online game addiction in Cirebon. Cirebon Mechanics Vocational School. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Eduvest: Journal Of Universal Studies is the property of Green Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

EMOCJONALNA PRACA GRANICZNA JAKO KATEGORIA UŻYTECZNA W BADANIACH RELACJI POMIĘDZY PRACĄ ZAWODOWĄ A ŻYCIEM PRYWATNYM W CZASIE PANDEMII COVID -19

Pandemia COVID-19 skomplikowała relacje pomiędzy pracą zawodową a życiem prywatnym. W tym kontekście podjęty został problem badawczy sprowadzający się do zrozumienia dynamiki emocji osób łączących obie sfery życia (zwłaszcza pracujących zawodowo rodziców) oraz zrekonstruowania wzorów ich pracy emocjonalnej. Wychodząc od teorii obszarów granicznych (life-work border theory i boundary theory) autorka proponuje nową kategorię teoretyczną: emocjonalną pracę graniczną oraz związaną z nią perspektywę analizy obszarów przenikania się domeny zawodowej i prywatnej. Podstawą empiryczną artykułu są badania jakościowe (wywiady pogłębione) z kobietami i mężczyznami znajdującymi się w zróżnicowanej sytuacji rodzinnej i pracującymi w małych firmach rodzinnych, korporacjach i organizacjach pozarządowych działających w trybie projektowym. Wnioski z badań dotyczą napięć między sferą zawodową a prywatną oraz wewnątrz każdej z nich, szczególnie wyraźnych w czasie pandemii, lecz stanowiących konsekwencję uniwersalnych mechanizmów społeczno-kulturowych.Alternate :The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the processes complicating work and private life relations. In this context, the author sets out to understand the dynamics of emotions experienced by people who combine both spheres of life (with a focus on working parents) and reconstruct the patterns of their emotional labor. Based on the life-work border theory and boundary theory assumptions, the author proposes a new theoretical category: emotional boundary labor and the related research perspective. The paper's empirical basis is qualitative research (in-depth interviews) with women and men of various family statuses working in three types of organizations (small family businesses, corporations, and NGOs operating in a project mode). The research results point at the tensions between the professional and private spheres and within each of these domain, notably manifested during a pandemic but resulting from universal socio-cultural mechanisms.

When all COVID breaks loose: Examining determinants of working parents' job performance during a crisis: International Review of Applied Psychology

As governments mandated organization and school closures due to COVID‐19, working parents involuntarily found themselves trying to balance both work and child educational responsibilities from home while still endeavoring to remain productive at work. As such, we integrate the crisis management literature with boundary theory and the work–home resources model to propose and test a process model to better understand how abrupt shifts to remote work and school closures impact working parents' job performance during a crisis. Using data collected across four time periods beginning at the time when most states had issued “safer at home” orders, we examine a serial mediation model and find, consistent with predictions, that early experiences of boundary violations and job insecurity impact work–family balance self‐efficacy, which in turn drives future job performance by way of its effects on working parents' subjective well‐being. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Power to the Parents: How and Why Illinois Should Exempt Parent-Led Cooperative Childcare Pods ("PLCCPs") from Day Care Licensure

Illinois childcare scheme is flawed because it anticipates only two possibilities: (1) that parents send theirchildren to a commercial childcare establishment where children are cared for by non-relatives and where facilities are subject to regulation;or (2) that parents send their children to a relative's home where, by virtue of the close relationship, no regulation is required. nlinois' regulatory scheme does not anticipate the possibility of parents blurring these two options by forming their own childcare solutions in which they provide care and share the burden of care with other parents. While COVID-19 popularized pod-based, parent-led cooperative childcare, this model is not likely to disappear alongside the virus. Given that childcare prices are rising at alarming rates and given that parents are more than equipped to assess whether an environment is safe for theirchild, Illinois should legalize pod-based, parent-led cooperative childcare by creating an exemption to current childcare licensure or at the very least, by allowing registration as an alternative solution.

Weekend work and work-family conflict: Evidence from Australian panel data

[...]the samples used in previous studies were all quite small. According to this approach, individuals have a range of different role relationships, which are each connected to different obligations. [...]WFC has been described as "a form of interrole conflict in which role pressures from the work and family domains are mutually incompatible in some respect" (Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985, p. 77). [...]work can interfere with family through time-based, strain-based, and behavior-based conflicts.

Mediating and Moderating Effects of Family Cohesion between Positive Psychological Capital and Health Behavior among Early Childhood Parents in Dual Working Families: A Focus on the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study examined the mediating and moderating effects of family cohesion on the relationship between positive psychological capital and health promotion behaviors among dual working parents of young children during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected data from 214 dual working parents and analyzed the results using the IMB SPSS version 26.0 software. We found that positive psychological capital had significant effects on both family cohesion (ß = 0.19, p < 0.001) and health promotion behaviors (ß = 0.26, p < 0.001), while family cohesion showed a significant mediating effect on health promotion behaviors (ß = 0.34, p = 0.002). Positive psychological capital (independent variable) also had significant effects on health promotion behaviors (ß = 0.19, p < 0.001). Finally, a Sobel test showed that family cohesion had a significant partial mediating effect on the relationship between positive psychological capital and health promotion behaviors (Z = 2.70, p = 0.005) but no moderating effect. Thus, it is necessary to enhance health promotion behaviors through programs focused on both family cohesion and positive psychological capital. However, the fact that participants in this study were only from South Korea highlights the requirement for future research that includes participants from different cultural contexts and social systems.

The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Mental Well-Being and Working Life among Faroese Employees.

The societal changes caused by COVID-19 have been far-reaching, causing challenges for employees around the world. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the COVID-19 restrictions on mental well-being, working life, family life and social life among Faroese employees within a broad range of professions. A total of 1328 Faroese employees answered an anonymous self-report survey from 13 April to 4 May 2020. Employee mental well-being was only modestly affected by the restrictions and the respondents had a mean score of 50.7 on the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale where a score between 41-44 is found to correspond with possible depression. Work commitment, work and family life, work satisfaction and work ability were all rated significantly worse after the COVID-19 outbreak than before (all p values < 0.005). Contrary to previous research, employees in health services assessed their work ability significantly higher than employees in teaching, and child and youth care (p < 0.05). Working parents had higher levels of stress and assessed their work ability significantly lower than employees without children (p < 0.05), and women tended to be more worried than men because of the pandemic. In conclusion, the overall mental well-being of Faroese employees was on an average level during lock-down in April and May 2020. Their working life seemed, however, to be worse than usual.