ABSTRACT
Although COVID-19 was first described as a respiratory disease, current data has shown that it is a disease with multisystemic involvement including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, hematological and immune systems. COVID-19 associated liver injury may be due to various potential mechanisms. Direct viral cytotoxic effect, immun mediated injury, drugs, ischemic injury due to hypoxia-hypoperfusion are among these mechanisms. Here we present a five year-old male patient who had no known history of liver disease admitted to our clinic due to elevated transaminase during the course of COVID-19 infection.
ABSTRACT
Background: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a Union Territory of India is Tropical Island, has better air quality and since its specific geographic location that may have an impact on the clinical and pathological features. So, this study is intended to describe the clinical and pathological features of COVID-19 infection and its association with the severity of the disease among adult COVID-19 patients. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study done retrospectively among 100 adult COVID-19 RT PCR positive in Tertiary Hospital, tropical Islands by reviewing medical records. The clinical, laboratory parameters were assessed.
ABSTRACT
Background: The clinical features and management of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been well documented in urban India. However, little data exist on the management and outcomes of severe COVID-19 in rural and tribal areas.
ABSTRACT
Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms can be part of the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 infections. Aim: To devise an evidence based clinical algorithm as a guide for clinicians, to identify and treat underlying clinical syndromes of psychomotor agitation, such as delirium, catatonia or substance withdrawal in patients who are hospitalized and infected with SARS-CoV-2. Material and methods: A review of the literature about the pharmacological management of neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 at the general hospital, to develop a clinical protocol based on a consensus from an interdisciplinary expert panel at a Clinical Hospital.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 resulted in school closures on a global scale. However, the most significant closures appear to be in North America. Educational disruption is anticipated to impact educational attainment in terms of drop-out rates but more significantly with respect to exacerbating pre-pandemic educational inequity and corresponding poverty. This discussion evaluates the impact of COVID-19 on the United States through a case-study review of Sri Lanka, Turkey, and Latvia. The case studies highlight that poor and marginalized populations irrespective of geography are vulnerable to economic shocks. Further, COVID-19 has prompted greater transparency of the inequities faced by marginalized groups and by doing so, increased the visibility of the need for intervention. Through an evaluation of literacy, the discussion addresses the impact of normalized US racism on educational equity and economic growth and highlights how a legacy of race-based policies may impact the resiliency of the United States specific to the present pandemic.
ABSTRACT
We report a case of a 19-year-old female with multisystemic inflammatory syndrome that was associated with the novel coronavirs disease 2019 (COVID-19), which manifested as serious illness that occurred four weeks after COVID-19 infection. Her clinical manifestations involved multiple organ systems including high-grade fever with shock syndrome, pulmonary edema, myopericarditis with pericardial effusion, hepatitis, generalized maculopapular rash, and several elevated inflammatory markers. She was treated with human immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone, acetylsalicylic acid, enoxaparin, and empirical antibiotics. She required a 2-week hospitalization and was discharged after improvement of clinical symptoms and normalization of inflammatory markers. A day prior to discharge, an echocardiography was done and it showed normal ventricular function and no coronary aneurysmal dilation.
ABSTRACT
The clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of outbreaks of Bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Bovine coronavirus causing respiratory disease outbreaks in beef cattle in Norway in January-February 2011 are described.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection with hemorheology, endothelin level and prognosis of elderly patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS: A total of 86 elderly patients with coronary heart disease who had CMV infection and were treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from Oct 2017 to Jun 2019 were assigned as the infection group, and 71 patients without CMV infection were chosen as the no infection group. The hemorheological indexes, endothelin level and incidence of adverse cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups, and the relationship between CMV-DNA load and hemorheological indexes, endothelin level was observed. RESULTS: The high shear viscosity, low shear viscosity, plasma viscosity, Hematocrit and endothelin level of the infection group were respectively(6.89+or-0.95)mPa.s,(11.12+or-1.20)mPa.s,(2.31+or-0.45) mPa.s, (53.54+or-4.97)% and(89.34+or-9.63)pg/ml, significantly higher than those of the no infection group(P<0.05). The endothelin level of the patients with CMV-DNA load no less than 1x10~3copies/ml was significantly higher than that of the patients with CMV-DNA load less than 1x10~3 copies/ml(P<0.05). The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events of the infection group was 12.79%, significantly higher than that of the no infection group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The CMV infection may raise the levels of hemorheological indexes and endothelin of the elderly patients with coronary heart disease and lead to the increase of incidence of adverse cardiovascular events.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological, clinical and imaging characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by Omicron variant.
ABSTRACT
Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently underway across countries worldwide. However, the prevalence and characteristics of prolonged adverse events lasting for several months after receiving the vaccine remain largely unknown. We herein report a 46-year-old woman with prolonged diarrhea and vomiting after receiving the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine for COVID-19. She had no notable medical history, including that of gastrointestinal diseases. She developed vomiting several hours after receiving the first vaccine dose and further developed severe diarrhea after 7 days. Several days after the second vaccine dose, her condition deteriorated, unrelieved by symptomatic therapies, including anti-diarrheal drugs. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed inflammatory changes in the entire segment of the small intestine with wall thickening. The upper and lower gastrointestinal and capsule endoscopies were unremarkable. The patient's symptoms persisted for more than 6 months after the second vaccine dose. A Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database search suggested that diarrhea is observed in approximately 3% of all vaccine recipients, but a literature review indicated that prolonged gastrointestinal symptoms lasting for several months is very rare. In summary, a case of prolonged unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms, possibly based on inflammatory changes in the small intestine, is described. A literature search revealed that this type of manifestation is very rare, and further evidence is needed to determine the causality between vaccination and gastrointestinal symptoms.
ABSTRACT
Candida auris, a multidrug-resistant yeast, can cause primary or secondary infections in a wide range of patients, including those diagnosed with the new coronavirus to even healthy individuals. The fungus has been reported in less than a decade on all six continents and in more than 45 countries. Ease of distribution, long shelf life, and resistance to several antifungal drugs have raised concerns about the prevention and management of patients with C. auris infection. Recent reports indicate serious challenges in identifying, understanding the mechanism of drug resistance, and preventing mortality from the infection with this microorganism. Given the prevalence of COVID-19 infection, it is important to identify patients colonized with C. auris correctly and at the early stages, to control and prevent a possible outbreak. In this article, the widespread occurrence of infections due to C. auris in the world and Iran, its clinical manifestations, risk factors, pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic enhancements and challenges, drug resistance, treatment options, prevention, and control as well as concomitant C. auris infections in patients with COVID-19 virus, are reviewed.
ABSTRACT
Both coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) are known as category B infectious diseases, which were caused respectively by SARS-CoV-2 and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Although HIV infection is not a risk factor for COVID-19, latest clinical studies have shown that HIV-positive COVID-19 patients experience longer disease course and are more likely to have severe COVID-19 compared with HIV-negative COVID-19 patients, especially those with low CD4+ T cells count or with no antiretroviral therapy(ART).In this review, we aim to compare the etiological and pathogenetic differences between COVID-19 and AIDS, and to elucidate the immunological and virologic characteristics of HIV-positive COVID-19 patients, which helps for a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infections.
ABSTRACT
Background: Randomized phase III clinical trials suggest that the antibody cocktail containing casirivimab and imdevimab reduces the risk of hospitalization/death in high-risk COVID-19 patients. However, the efficacy of the cocktail in daily clinical practice remains unknown.
ABSTRACT
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of children with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and to determine variations of the clinical presentation of the disease by age. Method: A total of 104 confirmed COVID-19 patients aged between 0-18 years were retrospectively analyzed. The study period was between March 15, 2020 and July 1, 2020. A confirmed COVID-19 was defined as a child who has positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). The patients were analyzed in terms of demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and imaging features, and clinical outcomes.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To conduct on-site epidemiological investigation, emergency response, tracing of infection source and analysis of a confirmed COVID-19 case of a foreign airline cargo service staff member in Shanghai's international airport, aiming to provide reference for prevention of imported COVID-19 cases under regular prevention and control of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a family cluster of COVID-19 in a district of Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of cluster epidemic of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of foreign-imported patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Chengdu City.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-COV-2, which characterized with typical respiratory symptoms. In addition to the respiratory system injury, SARS-COV-2 may also invade other organs that express the cell surface receptor ACE2. Digestive system is a susceptible target of SARS-COV-2. Most patients show clinical symptoms of impaired digestive system during the course of the disease. Gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and liver damage. Patients with abnormal symptoms of the digestive system have a greater chance of progressing to severe or critical illness, a worse prognosis, and a higher risk of death. This paper aims to discuss the digestive symptoms of COVID-19 infection, so as to improve the attention to the digestive system abnormalities and gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 patients during clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention and control.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread illness with varying clinical manifestations. One less-commonly-reported presentation of COVID-19 infection is chilblain-like lesions. We conducted an ecological analysis of chilblain presentations in comparison with confirmed and suspected COVID-19 infections in a primary care setting to establish that a relationship exists between the two. Our study collated data from three Primary Health Networks across Victoria, Australia, from 2017-2021, to understand patterns of chilblain presentations prior to and throughout the pandemic. Using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis, we estimated the relationship between local minimum temperature, COVID-19 infections and the frequency of chilblain presentations. We found a 5.72 risk ratio of chilblain incidence in relation to COVID-19 infections and a 3.23 risk ratio associated with suspected COVID-19 infections. COVID-19 infections were also more strongly associated with chilblain presentations in 0-16-year-olds throughout the pandemic in Victoria. Our study statistically suggests that chilblains are significantly associated with COVID-19 infections in a primary care setting. This has major implications for clinicians aiming to diagnose COVID-19 infections or determine the cause of a presentation of chilblains. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of large-scale primary care data in identifying an uncommon manifestation of COVID-19 infections, which will be significantly beneficial to treating physicians.
ABSTRACT
The article describes the use of the last-resort carbapenem antibiotic imipenem in combination with relebactam, a novel b-lactamase inhibitor, in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia developing after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a young pregnant patient. The introduction briefly describes the mechanism and spectrum of activity of the antibiotic, including its dosage.