Path to sustainable development: Does digital economy matter in manufacturing green total factor productivity?

In the context of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and China's "digital power” strategy, the realization of a green shift of manufacturing has become a necessary condition to promote the economy, and the digital factor has increasingly become a new driving force. The DEA-Malmquist index and entropy method were used to measure the manufacturing green total factor productivity (GTFP) and the level of digital economy level from 2011 to 2018, respectively. This study then explored the impact of digital economy on manufacturing GTFP based on the system generalized method of moments (GMM) model, as well as the adjustment effects of talent aggregation and financial scale according to the moderating model. This research came to four conclusions. (1) The digital economy can significantly improve the manufacturing GTFP of China, and the influence shows the characteristic of a "marginal increase”;(2) notably, the perspective of manufacturing GTFP decomposition indicates that the digital economy exerts a significant positive effect on manufacturing technical efficiency during the current period but obviously hinders technical progress;(3) interestingly, a mechanistic test showed that the two dimensions of innovation environment—talent aggregation (0.385) and financial scale (0.359)—play critical moderating roles in the influencing process;and (4) the influence has evident regional heterogeneity—it is significantly positive in the east and negative in the central region and west. Finally, corresponding policy suggestions are suggested. © 2022 ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Analytical Overview of Digital Cloud Services

Over the past twelve years, cloud systems have significantly changed business processes in all areas of business. Companies are using cloud services as a key factor in completing their digital transformation, and the COVID pandemic has further accelerated this task. The cloud is emerging as a top management agenda item as companies move from a separate approach to a more holistic, end-to-end digital transformation driven by the cloud. Cloud services save businesses time and money by increasing productivity, improving collaboration, and driving innovation. Now—during the coronavirus crisis, more than ever, cloud services are vital to help companies re-discover, reinvent and overcome uncertainty. Cloud services range from data storage to functional software, including accounting software, customer service tools, and remote desktop hosting. These services can be divided into three groups: infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS). This article is devoted to an analytical overview of modern digital cloud services, and the services they provide that can be applied in all areas of business. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Factors Affecting E-Wallet Usage in Sarawak

E-wallet is a part of the fintech solution that provides customer convenience through fast speed of transaction using RFID technology, QR code and stable internet connection. The usage of e-wallet in Malaysia and Sarawak has risen in the past few years and accelerated during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis due to the needs of contactless payment to reduce the spread of the virus. However, the usage of e-wallet and factors that affect the usage of e-wallet in Sarawak has not been identified through research. Therefore, this research aims to identify the factors influencing e-wallet usage and evaluate the factors using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) affecting Sarawakians perception towards e-wallet in general and towards Sarawak's own e-wallet app, SarawakPay. Data collection of online questionnaires have been distributed and 111 responses was analyzed using descriptive analysis and correlation analysis as well as multiple linear regression to obtain mean and standard deviation values. Five formulated hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression showing a significant and positive relationship among the TAM variables. Descriptive analysis results have also shown that top factors affecting usage of SarawakPay is performance expectancy and perceived value. The result from this research indicates that the usage of e-wallet in Sarawak is still at medium level. The evaluation using TAM shows that there is significant relationship between the Technological and Social factors to the usage of e-wallet in Sarawak. © 2022 IEEE.

THE EUROPEAN WAVE OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND THE WORKFORCE MIGRATION

This article presents the current European context regarding the extent of the labour migration phenomenon, along with the evolution of the digitalization process of the Union, using as a reference point the dynamics of the Digital Economy and Society Index in economically developed and emerging European states. It is based on the examination of the specialized academic literature and the official reports of the institutions on the evolution of the European labour market and digitalization. It tries to capture the direction and the way of labour force migration. A strong DESI level is the equivalent of a complete digital infrastructure, of a level of self-sufficient individual digital skills, and a high-performance digital integration of companies. Also, it is equivalent to the loss of obsolete jobs and the birth of new ones, for which a high level of human resources skills and knowledge is necessary. An elevated digital state can no longer be the equivalent of the destination of GIG workers from economic branches characterized by a workforce equipped with only essential digital skills.

Research on The Index System of Laboratory Assets Digitization

Under the influence of the fifth industrial revolution and the outbreak of COVID-19, the digital transformation of enterprises has entered a new stage of rapid development. Digital transformation has become the trend of enterprise operation in the digital economy era. In this context, enterprise laboratory asset operation has also become an important aspect of enterprise digital operation. It is urgent to build a set of enterprise laboratory asset digital evaluation system to assist the implementation of enterprise digital strategy. Based on the characteristics of laboratory assets and the closed-loop theory of asset operation management, this paper analyzes and studies the laboratory asset management, establishes a targeted evaluation index system of digital asset management, focuses on the composition of the digital operation system of laboratory assets, and constructs a management index evaluation system of assets, efficiency, cost and other dimensions, so as to create a real-time, comprehensive and comprehensive evaluation system The closed-loop and full cycle digital management ecological environment realizes the effective integration of laboratory resource fragmentation information and the complete embodiment of digitization, provides service support for continuously improving asset management performance, and provides support for further improving enterprise economic efficiency and operation level. © 2022 SPIE.

Does the Digital Economy Increase Green TFP in Cities?

COVID-19 accelerated the growth of the digital economy and digital transformation across the globe. Meanwhile, it also created a higher demand for productivity in the real economy. Hence, the correlation between the digital economy and green productivity is worth studying as COVID-19 prevention becomes the norm. The digital economy overcomes the limitations imposed by traditional factors of production on economic growth and empowers innovative R&D and resource allocation in all aspects. This study delved into the digital economy by focusing on its green value at different levels of development. The study gathered the green-productivity indices and the principal components of the digital economy for each prefecture-level city in China from 2011 to 2019 and meticulously portrayed their trends in spatial and temporal figures. Meanwhile, regression models were used to verify the mechanism through which digital-economy development influences the changes in green productivity. The results showed that: (1) a higher level of digital economy helps to increase urban green total-factor productivity (GTFP) and that the conclusions of this paper still held after potential endogeneity problems were solved through the instrumental-variables approach; (2) the digital economy will drive an increase in urban GTFP by upgrading firms' production technologies and that digital-economy development encourages green patent applications from firms; and (3) as the digital economy develops, it will also drive urban GTFP increases by removing polluting enterprises from the market and that the higher the level of digital-economy development, the greater the number and probability of polluting enterprises exiting the market. In view of this study's results, the government should increase the importance of the digital economy, strengthen the role of the digital economy in promoting urban green development, and provide more guidance on regional green development with the help of the digital economy.

Measuring digital economy in China

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the digital economy in restoring economic and social development, creating more jobs and improving people's well-being. To inform policy makers about changes to digital strategies, measuring the digital economy is a prerequisite. This study aimed to compile an index of digital economy at the provincial (municipalities, autonomous regions, collectively referred to as "provinces") level to present an accurate and in-depth depiction of how it has developed in China. Our sample covers 31 provinces in China, over the period 2010-2020. This paper firstly constructs the digital economy index system from the four dimensions of digital users, digital platforms, digital industries and digital innovation, and then adopts a combination of entropy weighting method and grey target theory to measure the digital economy index. This paper study revealed that China's digital economy has been on an upward trend from 2010 to 2019 and has a decline in 2020, and the digital innovation is an important driving force for the growth of the digital economy index. The convergence of China's digital economy is decreasing, indicating that the gap in digital economy development between provinces is increasing. The proposed index in this study can be used as a screening tool, decision making tool, benchmarking tool and guidance of high-quality digital economy development.

Research on The Index System of Laboratory Assets Digitization

Under the influence of the fifth industrial revolution and the outbreak of COVID-19, the digital transformation of enterprises has entered a new stage of rapid development. Digital transformation has become the trend of enterprise operation in the digital economy era. In this context, enterprise laboratory asset operation has also become an important aspect of enterprise digital operation. It is urgent to build a set of enterprise laboratory asset digital evaluation system to assist the implementation of enterprise digital strategy. Based on the characteristics of laboratory assets and the closed-loop theory of asset operation management, this paper analyzes and studies the laboratory asset management, establishes a targeted evaluation index system of digital asset management, focuses on the composition of the digital operation system of laboratory assets, and constructs a management index evaluation system of assets, efficiency, cost and other dimensions, so as to create a real-time, comprehensive and comprehensive evaluation system The closed-loop and full cycle digital management ecological environment realizes the effective integration of laboratory resource fragmentation information and the complete embodiment of digitization, provides service support for continuously improving asset management performance, and provides support for further improving enterprise economic efficiency and operation level. © 2022 SPIE.

CROSS PANDEMIC DIGITAL SKILLS NEED

The pandemic of COVID 19 is perceived by the literacy as digital improving skills toward the change off lifestyle and workflow. Nevertheless, beyond the personal attitude regarding those changes, the digital skills perceived usefulness and use rose as a direct result. The digital skills, covered in The Digital Economy and Society Index, published by EU Commission since 2014, are divided into private life, employee and learning scope of usage. The analyses also comprise the human capital, connectivity, integration of digital technology, and digital public services. This article presents the findings of a cross-pandemic research, in the period of 2019-2022, regarding the digital skills perceived usefulness, profiling depending on the scope of usage and the intention to enhance the digital skills by assisted training. The paper presents the research results of an enquiry made among the students regarding perceived usefulness, use and training intention for digital skills enhancements. It covers the bachelor and master's degree programs, with the Computer Science, Social Sciences and Engineering as field of study. The study was made using 266 answers from the above-mentioned categories.

Optimization of the system of personal property insurance protection: China's experience and opportunities for Russia

China's modern insurance market is the largest in the world in terms of several key indicators: both the number of contracts concluded and the volume of premiums collected. At the same time, insurance products related to property insurance are the second most popular among the population. However, the development curve of the insurance market in China is significantly different from the trajectories of changes in the insurance markets in Europe or the United States. This article is a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of insurance relations in the Chinese market under the influence of various factors, such as changes in the macroeconomic environment, the introduction of innovative technologies and the COVID-19 pandemic. During the transition from a planned economic system to a market one, as well as after China's joining the WTO, external economic factors changed the development trends of China's insurance industry. Based on the data of the National Bureau of Statistics of China for 2007–2020 and the Wind database, the authors built an econometric model that allowed analyzing the impact of various factors on the growth of property insurance in China. Special attention is paid to the impact of modern trends associated with the active introduction of digital technologies and the ongoing coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) on the development of the property insurance segment. The ongoing optimization of the system of insurance protection of the property of the population is primarily due to its risk management function. China's experience in the development of insurance relations in the national market may be in demand in Russia, which belongs to countries with a developing insurance market. © 2022 Educational Autonomous Non-Profit Organization Nephrology. All rights reserved.

Rural co-working: New network spaces and new opportunities for a smart countryside

Coworking has been a largely urban phenomenon although new initiatives are emerging in rural areas. Rural coworking is partly a response to the growing need for ICT, which is unevenly provided across rural areas, and partly to the social needs of freelancers and home-workers. By combining technological and social functions, coworking spaces can play key roles in the progress of a Smart Countryside, supporting digital, knowledge-based and creative entrepreneurs within rural places, thus reducing the need for extensive commuting and out-migration, particularly among younger and higher-skilled workers. As working practices evolve in the aftermath of Covid-19, these new physical spaces are expected to facilitate new network connections. Castells' Network Society provides a valuable lens through which to investigate how coworking founders and managers promote a mix of internal and external networks that might create new, and superior, entrepreneurial opportunities. The research highlights strategies to promote collaboration as well as methods of adapting to meet new demands from rural workers in a range of rural settings. As an array of different rural coworking models evolve, we also reflect on the importance of inclusivity and identity in determining their relationship with other actors in the local economy. © 2023 The Authors

Towards a virtual business ecosystem in the Metaverse Era

The emergence of new business ecosystem such as virtual economy and digital economy has transformed traditional economic thinking and brought new opportunities for the development. Today, the global economy is gradually recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, but the coexistence and collision of real-world and online activities still exist, so by analyzing the experience of using individuals, the trust of the community, and the conflict and integration between the two, it may provide a good business ecosystem for Metaverse Era. © 2022 IEEE.

TAX CHALLENGES IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: EU PERSPECTIVE

Introduction: The main feature of modern society today is the digital way of life combined with digitalisation. It affects every aspect of life. Today's main drivers of change are modern electronic communications and high-speed internet connections or services created by digitalisation. Thus, digi-talisation stimulates economic growth by creating new jobs, especially in the information and communication sector, increasing the savings of individuals and public and private companies, increasing productivity and providing new opportunities for personal development and motivation. Therefore, the digital economy poses significant challenges to the EU tax system. The identified tax challenges are nexus, data and characterisation, standard tax avoidance practices and direct and indirect tax risks. To address these challenges, the concept of Tax Administration 3.0 should be implemented. Under this con-cept, digital tools will make tax administration better organised and more efficient, both in combating abuse and improving the quality of tax reporting and compliance. Aim: This study aims to present the digital economy's direct and indirect tax challenges from an EU perspective. In addition, it will also present the current situation of the digital levy proposed by the European Commission and the level of Europe's digital performance among EU member states. Method: Following the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) method-ology, Europe's digital performance varied widely among EU member states between 2015 and 2020. Findings: The results show that the digital sector is highly involved in tax plan-ning practices and significantly affects Europe's digital performance. Moreover, there is no consensus on implementing the digital levy in EU member states since only a few of the EU member states have implemented the digital levy. Based on the findings, the author proposes introducing the digital levy in all EU member states to restore and maintain the sustainability of public finance, especially after the crisis COVID-19. © 2022 by Sabina Hodžić.

Editorial

According to the author, the world is slowly emerging from a series of healthcare, financial, and economic disruptions caused by the Covid19 pandemic. [...]eight key common themes were identified - trust, cultural diversity, collaboration tools and technology, communication and knowledge hoarding, leadership, psychological safety, communication guidelines and training, and resource planning. [...]we would like to express our gratitude to all the authors who submitted their work, for their insightful visions and valuable contributions.

Call for the Ageing-inclusive Digital Economy and Related Standards: Based on a Global Survey

The increasingly severe situation of ageing population has caused great pressure on the global wealth reserve, population security, economic construction, and social stability. Under this background, it is of great importance to realize the ideological, institutional, and economic changes from raising & nursing the elderly to actively ageing as soon as possible. The concept of active ageing was written in the Political Declaration and Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing of the UN at the beginning of this century, which is a global policy framework to deal with the problem of population ageing in the 21st century. Active ageing believes that the elderly have great potential and energy and are valuable social resources. By stimulating their potential, the elderly could not only realize their self-worth but also contribute to society, instead of blindly needing social care. Digital technology is an important technology to support active ageing. However, the digital divide in front of the elderly has greatly affected the role and effect of digital technology in an ageing society. The sudden COVID-19 also highlights the seriousness of the digital divide among the elderly and the importance of building an ageing-inclusive digital economy. Under this background, it is of great significance to carry out the related research and other actives of the ageing-inclusive digital economy, which will provide solutions for actively responding to the global challenge of ageing and help all parts of the world to effectively turn the ageing pressure into driving force of the economy. This paper introduces the global survey on ageing-inclusive digital economy and related standards conducted in early 2021, which aimed to clarify the influence and challenges of the digital economy on the elderly, and the expectations and demands of building an ageing-inclusive digital economy. The results from this survey show that the digital economy has a high impact on the elderly, but on the contrary, the participation of the elderly is low although there are strong will. © 2022 ACM.

Digitalization: The Norm of the "New Normal”: Impact of Digital Economy Ventures on the National Competitiveness of an Emerging Market

The challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic have made it an undeniable fact that digital technologies provide the strongest means to transform industries and markets. Technology ventures bear a notable role in supplying these tools to incumbents, governments, and indeed to small conventional companies, which all thrive to adjust themselves to the "new normal.” Thereupon, this chapter seeks to examine the impact of digital economy ventures by demonstrating their role to advance digital transformation efforts in an emerging market context. In doing so, it depicts striking examples from Turkey regarding;(i) the collaboration between incumbents and digital economy ventures, (ii) the rise of new stars exploiting digital economy opportunities, and (iii) the ventures using digitalization to create social impact for extremely vulnerable actors. © 2022 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

The evolution of digital MNEs: an empirical note

UNCTAD first published a list of the top 100 digital multinationals in the World Investment Report 2017. This research note builds on the analysis and conceptual framework on digitalization and foreign direct investment set out in that report. It provides an updated list, allowing for an analysis of trends over the five-year period including the COVID-19 pandemic and adds new features to the data set that will be exploited in forthcoming UNCTAD work. The note describes the methodology to create the new and extended data set and points at possible avenues for further work. The purpose of the research note is to provide academic scholars with the basic elements needed to pursue further research in this field. © 2022 UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. All rights reserved.

SERVICE EXPORTERS IN ICT-INDUSTRIES: MEASURING DIGITAL SERVICE TRADE OF ESTONIA

In the ecosystem of digital and green transition service exporters play a vital role, particularly in exporting highly valued information and communication technology (ICT) services. In 2020, after the COVID-19 outbreak, Estonia's service exports declined by 20% while ICT service exports increased by 12% compared to 2019. This shows that Estonian ICT firms adapted quickly to seize the opportunities brought by the pandemic to retain their competitiveness. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the characteristics (size, ownership and export intensity) of the Estonian firms. The study also contributes to the EUs objective to promote greater transparency on service traders (European Commission, 2021), as we provide new information for policy-makers and support the Estonian and European digital agendas (Estonia, 2018;European Commission, 2020, 2021). Our findings show that among services exporters the firms that export ICT services are more export-intensive and smaller and have more foreign ownership than non-ICT firms. © 2022 Federation of State Medical Boards. All Rights Reserved.

Drafting e-commerce regulations for a sustainable economic recovery: Lesson from DEPA analysis

The current international pandemic situation caused by the COVID-19 outbreak has disrupted economic activity and development worldwide. However, digital enabled activities have proven a relative stronger resilience, and, worldwide, most economic sectors have shifted to digital platforms to continue operating. In this context, the drafting of digital economy regulations has become a relevant policy issue for governments across the Asia Pacific region. Nevertheless, the absence of multilateral regulations in this area has become an obstacle for achieving common regulatory frameworks to deal with digital economy issues, for which regional and bilateral agreements have begun to draft regulations. The proliferation of digital economy provisions in preferential agreements may lead to the so called "spaghetti bowl”. From here, the objective of this paper is to contribute to the governance of digital economy among APEC economies, through the characterization of free trade agreements signed between APEC and Latin American economies. This selection was made due to the diversity of agreements that can be found within this subregion. In this context, the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA), led by Chile, New Zealand, and Singapore has become a reference point that could serve as a steppingstone towards common regulatory frameworks in this matter. The paper concludes that DEPA may be used as a benchmark for the development of regulations that will help boost cross border e-commerce in APEC economies for a post pandemic sustainable recovery. © 2022, University of Passo Fundo. All rights reserved.

ECONOMÍA DIGITAL EN TIEMPOS DE PANDEMIA (*)

En la primera parte del artículo, con una visión macroeconómica, analizamos en qué medida la pandemia ha podido acelerar la transición digital. En este sentido son destacadles los avances en: i) la estrategia de venta online (dentro y fuera de España) de las empresas;ii) el consumo, de bienes y servicios, incluido el ocio, a través del comercio electrónico o las plataformas de streaming;iii) la nueva organización del trabajo donde el teletrabajo gana peso;iv) la educación a distancia;o v) la automatización de la industria. Todo ello, ha dejado claro que, en todas las actividades productivas, solo van a sobrevivir aquellas empresas que consigan hacer con éxito su transformación digital. En la segunda parte del trabajo, con una visión microeconómica, se analizan distintos aspectos que han sido determinantes durante la pandemia y de los cuales podemos sacar lecciones para el futuro. En concreto: i) los sistemas digitales de trazabilidad de contagios;ii). la educación a distancia o el aula invertida;iii) el papel de las grandes tecnológicas durante la pandemia;iv) el fenómeno Zoom;v) las herramientas digitales para la pandemia (Google Trends);y vi) los sistemas digitales de control social.Alternate :In the first part of the article, we take a macroeconomic approach, we will analyze to what extent the pandemic of COVID-19 has been able to accelerate the digital transition. In this sense, we will study empirically the advances and changes in: i) the online sales strategy (inside and outside Spain) of companies;ii) the consumption of goods and services, including entertainment, through e-commerce or streaming platforms;iii) the new organization of work, where teleworking is gaining weight;and v) the automation of industry. All this has made it clear that, in all productive activities, only companies that succeed in their digital transformation will survive. In the second part of the paper, we take a microeconomics point of view, and we analyze different aspects of the digital economy that have been decisive during the pandemic and from which we can draw lessons for the future. Specifically, we analyze i) the digital systems of contagion traceability;ii) online education or the inverted classroom;iii) the role of the major technology companies during the pandemic, iv) the Zoom phenomenon;v) the utility of digital tools as Google Trends during the pandemic (Google Trends);and vi) digital systems of social control.