The effect of innovation on tourists' revisit intention toward tourism destinations

Purpose: Drawing on Schumpeter's theory of innovation and stereotype content model, this study aims to arrive at an integrated model that relates destination innovation type, destination innovativeness and revisit intention to uncover more about the drivers and outcomes of destination innovativeness from a consumer-centric perspective. Design/methodology/approach: Three studies, including content analysis of news media, an onsite survey and an online survey in Chinese special featured towns, were conducted. Findings: This study develops a consumer-centric destination innovation measure. The results reveal that input innovation and product innovation positively influence revisit intention through the serial mediation of destination innovativeness and perceived competence. Research limitations/implications: As the data was collected from tourists in China, any generalization of the results to other regions should be made with caution;accordingly, replication is needed to test the proposed model in different cultural contexts. Second, during the onsite data collection period, special featured town destinations were still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have affected the perceptions of tourists. Third, the second round of data was collected using an online survey, which may have introduced bias due to a potential lack of representativeness. Fourth, some potential missing variables could also influence the links among innovation, destination innovativeness and revisit intention. Originality/value: This study presents the first empirical test of the impact of innovation type and innovativeness on tourists' response to tourism destinations. The results of this study could guide destinations to deliver more effective consumer-centric innovations to generate competitiveness. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

The effect of a hotel's star-rating-based expectations of safety from the pandemic on during-stay experiences

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, safety is one of the top priorities for travellers when choosing a hotel. This work examines the effect of customers' pre-stay expectations of a hotel about its safety-focused services, shaped through its official star-rating, on the during-stay confirmation of those expectations, satisfaction, and revisit intentions. A cross-sectional research design is used spanning temporally from the pre-stay to the during-stay phases. The pre-stay phase was the peak COVID-19 period in India (June–July 2021) to stimulate the safety concerns in the travellers planning their travel, while the during-stay phase was when the planned travel was undertaken with the traveller staying at the planned hotel (October 2021–January 2022). Data were collected from 452 customers and the results supported the proposed model. Further, the star-rating, as a signal for safety-focused services, was found to have a serial effect on revisit intentions, through the pre-stay expectations of safety services, and the during-stay confirmation of expectations and satisfaction. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

How does a hotel's hygiene protocol quality trigger guests' revisit intention during the pandemic? Evidence from Chinese guests

Purpose: Based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response Model, this study aims to investigate how the intention of Chinese guests to revisit a hotel (response) is triggered by the quality of the hotel's hygiene protocols (stimulus) during the pandemic. Brand image, perceived guest satisfaction and perceived customer trust were examined as the organism factors in this model. Design/methodology/approach: The quantitative method was adopted to collect data via a structured online survey of 385 Chinese hotel guests. Their responses were analyzed using SPSS (v.26) and SmartPLS (3.3.2) software. Findings: The quality of hotel hygiene protocols was found to have a significant impact on hotel brand image, perceived guest satisfaction and perceived guest trust. Hotel brand image, perceived guest satisfaction and perceived guest trust, in turn, demonstrated significant relationships with guests' revisit intention. Research limitations/implications: Theoretically, the present study offers a framework to understand the impact of hotel hygiene protocols on guest revisit intention. Practically, the findings of the study encourage industry practitioners to implement proper safety protocols and standard operating procedures related to COVID-19. Originality/value: Since the beginning of the pandemic, hotel hygiene standards have become a key concern for guests. The current study provides important and meaningful insights into whether and how hotel hygiene quality promotes guest revisit intention. © 2023, International Tourism Studies Association.

Contactless marketing management of fashion brands in the digital age

The proliferation of digital technologies and the new era of social distancing have created a flood of opportunities, thereby allowing customers to experience services without interacting with them in person. To provide social distancing services, brands and retailers must first understand how their customers perceive them. This study aims to examine the effects of contactless marketing efforts on satisfaction and revisit intention. An online survey of 182 Korean consumers was conducted when the government implemented social distancing measures. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The researchers developed a model to understand the emerging phenomenon of contactless marketing better and to fill the gap in the available literature. The findings revealed five perceptions of contactless marketing efforts among fashion brands: entertainment, interaction, trendiness, customization, and visual engagement. The benefits of contactless marketing efforts in terms of customer satisfaction and revisit intention have been established. Furthermore, perceived contactless marketing efforts had a greater effect on satisfaction and revisit intention for the identified enjoyment-seeking group than for the identified information-seeking group. These findings can assist researchers in gaining theoretical insights as well as practitioners in managing coherent marketing activities in the digital age. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Event Revisit Intention in the Context of Covid-19 Risks

With the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic widely visible in the event industry, event organizers face challenges regarding customer retention in the form of return visits. Because event revisit intention is crucial to predicting event attendees' behavior, this study attempts to examine the likelihood of return for customers who have prior event (state fair) experience. Drawing from previous studies on event-related hazards and safety risks, our proposed framework suggests that a certain type of trust (i.e., social trust and confidence) reduces perceived risk, leading to increased event revisit intention in a time of pandemic. To test hypothesized relationships among trust, perceived risk, and event revisit intention, consumer information was gathered through Amazon's Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform. Key findings that emerge include the fact that trust in events is a strong predictor of event revisit intention, while perceived risk mediates the relationship between trust and revisit intention, albeit weakly. These results offer event organizers insights into how to enhance revisit intention in the face of health risks and ongoing uncertainty.

Do Nostalgic Intensity and Psychological Ownership Trigger Tourists' Revisit Intention in Crisis?

In an age of uncertainties, especially with the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to examine the influencing factors that impact individuals' decision-making process in terms of revisiting a particular destination. We adopted the psychological ownership and resilience theories to understand and explore tourists' revisit intention and used SPSS PROCESS Macro to test the hypotheses and analyze the results. The results confirm a positive relationship between nostalgic intensity and revisit intention, both directly and through the mediating role of psychological ownership . Additionally, we note that both perceived risk and psychological resilience affect this relationship, albeit as a moderator. Based on these findings, we aim to offer practical implications to revive the tourism sector and suggest a few strategies that may help in the recovery measures. In the process, we contribute to the extant literature on tourism, while exploring the role of psychological ownership and psychological resilience.

Effects of social responsibility on legitimacy and revisit intention: The moderating role of anxiety

Companies that develop social responsibility actions gain legitimacy, which increases consumer trust and revisit intention. However, the effects of both socially responsible actions and legitimacy on customer behavior are not always direct, as they vary depending on the context. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a new context in which emotions play a determining role in consumer behavior. The number of people diagnosed with anxiety continues to grow worldwide, and this is known as a mental health epidemic. The aim of this research is to explore the moderating effect of anxiety on the relationships between social responsibility, legitimacy, and revisit intention. Using a sample of 1,200 supermarket buyers and applying a structural equation system, it is shown that social responsibility and legitimacy influence revisit intention, and the level of anxiety moderates these relationships. This study suggests building trust by adapting business policies to consumerś emotional backgrounds.

Do Destination Identity, Memorable Experiences and Perceived Risks Matter to Revisit a Destination in the Age of Global Pandemic?

COVID-19 pandemic affected businesses and sectors across the world. The worst affected sector was hospitality, as the people could not travel because of government restrictions. Since travel and tourism constitute a significant portion of GDP across nations, it will be a matter of concern for businesses to know if tourists would be keen to revisit their choice destinations, especially the ones affected by COVID-19. The study used the ‘theory of reasoned action’ and ‘perceived risk theory’ to examine 282 Indian tourists’ revisit intention for destination identity, memorable experiences and subjective norms. SPSS Amos 25 and SPSS PROCESS macro were used to verify the proposed conceptual model and test hypotheses. The results display a positive relationship among destination identity, memorable experience, subjective norms and revisit intention. The association was found to be mediated by the attitude towards revisit intention and moderated by perceived risk, both of which were also found to be significant. Earlier studies have neither been conclusive nor the models very comprehensive;hence, this study makes a substantial contribution in this regard.

The effect of innovation on tourists’ revisit intention toward tourism destinations

Purpose: Drawing on Schumpeter’s theory of innovation and stereotype content model, this study aims to arrive at an integrated model that relates destination innovation type, destination innovativeness and revisit intention to uncover more about the drivers and outcomes of destination innovativeness from a consumer-centric perspective. Design/methodology/approach: Three studies, including content analysis of news media, an onsite survey and an online survey in Chinese special featured towns, were conducted. Findings: This study develops a consumer-centric destination innovation measure. The results reveal that input innovation and product innovation positively influence revisit intention through the serial mediation of destination innovativeness and perceived competence. Research limitations/implications: As the data was collected from tourists in China, any generalization of the results to other regions should be made with caution;accordingly, replication is needed to test the proposed model in different cultural contexts. Second, during the onsite data collection period, special featured town destinations were still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have affected the perceptions of tourists. Third, the second round of data was collected using an online survey, which may have introduced bias due to a potential lack of representativeness. Fourth, some potential missing variables could also influence the links among innovation, destination innovativeness and revisit intention. Originality/value: This study presents the first empirical test of the impact of innovation type and innovativeness on tourists’ response to tourism destinations. The results of this study could guide destinations to deliver more effective consumer-centric innovations to generate competitiveness. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Travel intentions in pandemic circumstances – the case of Balkan tourists

Examination of tourist behaviour during and after the crisis is of great importance for understanding and coping with the harmful effects of the crisis. The study aims to discover the impact of perceived risks, health status, and travel experience on proximal travel intentions during the Covid-19 outbreak. Perceived risks that coronavirus brought reshaped the collective awareness and altered typical travel habits. The research involved 1109 respondents from four Balkan countries who participated in an online survey at the first peak of the pandemic (April 2020). According to the results, perceived risk negatively influenced travel intentions. The study presumed the positive influence of previous travel experience on travel intentions and indicated its negative impact on risk perception. Results showed that subjective health condition positively affected travel intention and had no significant effect on risk perception. The profound uncertainty that the tourism sector experienced is primarily reflected in an immense impact on the travel possibilities and changes in tourist preferences. This study offers an insight into peoples' travel intentions influenced by a global health crisis, reflecting specific risk negation when it comes to the timing of after-crisis travel plans.

The effect of innovation on tourists’ revisit intention toward tourism destinations

Purpose Drawing on Schumpeter's theory of innovation and stereotype content model, this study aims to arrive at an integrated model that relates destination innovation type, destination innovativeness and revisit intention to uncover more about the drivers and outcomes of destination innovativeness from a consumer-centric perspective. Design/methodology/approach Three studies, including content analysis of news media, an onsite survey and an online survey in Chinese special featured towns, were conducted. Findings This study develops a consumer-centric destination innovation measure. The results reveal that input innovation and product innovation positively influence revisit intention through the serial mediation of destination innovativeness and perceived competence. Research limitations/implications As the data was collected from tourists in China, any generalization of the results to other regions should be made with caution;accordingly, replication is needed to test the proposed model in different cultural contexts. Second, during the onsite data collection period, special featured town destinations were still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have affected the perceptions of tourists. Third, the second round of data was collected using an online survey, which may have introduced bias due to a potential lack of representativeness. Fourth, some potential missing variables could also influence the links among innovation, destination innovativeness and revisit intention. Originality/value This study presents the first empirical test of the impact of innovation type and innovativeness on tourists' response to tourism destinations. The results of this study could guide destinations to deliver more effective consumer-centric innovations to generate competitiveness.

Interaction between psychological ownership and psychological resilience toward the destination

The tourism sector was badly affected by the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, creating thereby a need to advance knowledge on developing strategies for bringing tourists to back their favourite destinations. Although studies in tourism literature in the last two years addressed several issues relating to the pandemic, ironically not many have explored the role of tourists' attitude towards a destination. Specifically, there have hardly been any discussions on the tourists' psychological ownership vis-a-vis destination affinity (DA). It's an irony because they play crucial roles in leading tourists to revisit their favourite destinations. Using the 'Psychological Resilience Theory', this study focuses on the Covid-19 crisis and examines the relationship between attitude towards the destination, psychological ownership towards the destination, DA, and desire to revisit the destination post-Covid-19 crisis. Data (N = 274) was collected online from Indian tourists and hypothesis testing was done using PROCESS SPSS macro. The findings of the study indicated the mediating impact of DA and moderating role of psychological resilience. This study offers several important implications for tourism literature and the sector at large.

Tourist scams, moral emotions and behaviors: impacts on moral emotions, dissatisfaction, revisit intention and negative word of mouth

Purpose>Drawing upon affective events theory (AET), this study aims to explore the relationship between tourists’ perceived deception and moral emotions, dissatisfaction, revisit intention and negative word of mouth.Design/methodology/approach>Online data from Questionnaire Star were used to examine the proposed research model. A total of 437 valid questionnaires were collected.Findings>The results suggest that tourist scams as “affective events” could trigger tourists’ moral emotions and dissatisfaction, thereby decreasing their revisit intention and generating negative word of mouth. Additionally, moral emotions were found to act as a mediator between perceived deception and dissatisfaction.Research limitations/implications>The insights uncovered in this study reveal the mechanisms behind tourists’ reactions to scams and provide implications for tourism destinations, suggesting ways to alleviate the adverse impact of tourist scams.Originality/value>To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the very first study to investigate tourists’ reactions to tourist scams.

Revisit intentions: Novel social responsibility of mall for strengthening mall reputation and perceived trust during fear-arousal of Covid-19 pandemic in India

The study aims to access the philanthropic influence of malls in creating trust among the shoppers to revisit them during the Covid-19 Unlock Period. Smart PLS-SEM was used to evaluate the responses of 607 customers who voluntarily participated in the survey carried out in Delhi – NCR, India. The study encompasses the hypotheses that the social responsibility of malls generates mall reputation, which in turn strengthens perceived trust, and ultimately the revisit intention. The results established the social responsibility of the mall as a key factor in building mall reputation and fostering trust among the shoppers, ensuring their revisits. The findings also supported shoppers’ revisit intention under the varying influence of fear-arousal. The moderating effect of fear arousal on the relationships of mall reputation – revisit intention, and perceived trust – revisit intention in the organized retail industry has been adjudged as a novelty of the present study. The study recommends its application in framing strategies to strengthen the social commitments by retailers and malls, and also to ameliorate fear-arousal among shoppers during such pandemics. The study proposes avenues for further research in context to the social responsibilities of hospitality-related set-ups during a pandemic with varied variables. © 2022, Pro Global Science Association. All rights reserved.

Drivers and barriers of travel behaviors during and post COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic literature review and future agenda

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the drivers and barriers of travel behavior associated with tourist behavior during/post-COVID-19 pandemic to provide a knowledge base as well as an agenda for future research. Design/methodology/approach: The authors utilized the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) technique for searching the articles published in Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus, to identify the main drivers and barriers affecting the tourist behavior during/post-COVID-19 pandemic. Eventually, 47 articles were chosen for the final analysis. Findings: The findings are reported in three sections, (1) quantitative research profile, (2) qualitative synthesis and (3) future agenda. This study addresses the nuanced questions regarding the significant change in tourist travel behavior, emotional dynamics and a detailed understanding of mechanisms, such as which drivers and barriers affect tourist behavior in a particular destination. Drivers and barriers to tourist travel behavior were characterized in personal-related, destination-related, and health-related factors. Moreover, this study provides thought-provoking ideas in theory, policy and practice in the field of tourism and hospitality. Research limitations/implications: This study has three limitations, as follows. First, the authors searched only two databases, Scopus and Web of Science, due to which the authors might be missing some related studies existing on the other databases. Although these databases provide an extensive range of academic literature, further studies could extend the data collection from the other databases (e.g. via Taylor & Francis). However, our systematic literature review (SLR) coverage is quite extensive, since journals are listed on these three main databases. Second, the authors followed a main study search protocol based on the synonyms and related keywords, however, some of the studies that may be related to the tourist behavior towards the destination are missing on account of the lack of our keywords in there, title, author, keyword and . Furthermore, future research could endeavor to add other keywords to expand the results of studies. Third, although the accurate analysis was conducted to reduce subjectivity in identifying themes for drivers and barriers of tourist behavior, future studies on categorization could work to ensure that other sub-themes categorize. Practical implications: The recent study has some key practical implications. First, this study is valuable for all the stakeholders in a unique way, including destination managers, academicians and policymakers, because it provides insight into barriers and drivers that influence the development of tourist behavior towards the destination. Second, the current study also offers practical implications for people involved in tourism service industries including governments and private businesses. Policymakers and other leaders are increasingly interested in harnessing the economic potential of tourism. Therefore, identifying the barrier which is inhibiting the tourist traffic towards the destination is beneficial to understand and effectively develop strategies to minimize the effect of such factors. Moreover, drivers and barriers of tourist behavior towards the destination in the COVID-19 pandemic situation towards the destination may help to create a framework for the development of destinations according to the current vulnerable situation. Third, current findings suggest that tourism marketers understand the drivers and barrier constructs found in this study and tailor their marketing strategies for attracting existing and new tourists. For instance, marketers should understand the drivers and barriers of tourist behavior for effective strategy development to increase the positive effect of drivers and to reduce the negative effect of barriers. Originality/value: This is the first systematic literature review on the impact of drivers and barriers of tourist travel behavior. This paper analyses the methods and approaches that have been used in the p evious literature to examine the drivers and barriers of tourist travel behavior. The paper ends with the research implication and limitations of the studies. © 2022, Naveed Ahmad, Amran Harun, Hafiz Muhammad Usman Khizar, Junaid Khalid and Shumaila Khan.

Smart tourism technologies towards memorable experiences for museum visitors

Purpose>This study aims to investigate the perception of smart tourism technologies (STTs) in creating museum tourism experiences and assess visitors’ intentions to test the impact, the extent and role that STTs play in museum service.Design/methodology/approach>The investigation was conducted through an online and on-site survey;data were collected in four different museums with 365 museum tourists in four countries. SmartPLS (version 3.3.3) was used to access the measurement and structural model based on path modelling and bootstrapping.Findings>STTs have a positive impact on creating a memorable tourism experience for museum visitors and are beneficial to revisit intention and positive recommendations. The impact is stronger than traditional services such as museum setting and staff service. STTs can be considered an independent new service to museums rather than complementing existing services. STTs negatively affect tourism’s experience at the communication stage.Originality/value>Previous studies have noted the growing attention to the museum visitor experience, but the combined impact of new elements, such as STTs, remains an unexplored area. This study addressed the research gap through an empirical investigation and offers guidelines to test museum visitors’ acceptance and fitness for the services provided by STTs. In addition, this study presents a new point of view on the roles that STTs take in museum service, which can be useful for further investigations.

Halal destination attributes and revisits intention: the role of destination attractiveness and perceived value

Purpose>The growing numbers of Muslims visiting halal destinations motivated this study to explore halal destination attributes and revisit intention. This study aims to investigate how halal destination attributes affect destination attractiveness. Hence, it identifies the influence of halal destination attributes on perceived value, including functional and emotional value. It also verifies the effect of destination attractiveness on both functional value and emotional value. Finally, this framework verifies the effect of functional value and emotional value on revisit intention.Design/methodology/approach>This study collects data from visitors who have visited a halal destination located in three cities of Central Java Province in the past two years (2019–2020) using purposive sampling methods. A total of 314 respondents participated in this study and the data are analyzed by using structural equation modeling.Findings>The result showed that halal destination attributes positively and significantly impact destination attractiveness. Moreover, halal destination attributes positively and significantly affect both functional and emotional value. Destination attractiveness positively and significantly affects functional value, as well as emotional value. Concerning the effect of functional value and emotional value on revisit intention, only emotional value positively and significantly affects revisit intention while functional value does not.Originality/value>This study contributes to city tourism by elucidating halal destination attributes based on the means-ends theory. The results of this study reported the importance of halal destination attributes and the role of halal destination attractiveness and emotional value in enhancing Muslim travelers’ revisit intention to halal destination.

The effect of COVID-19 on tourists' attitudes and travel intentions: an empirical study on camping/glamping tourism in Turkey during COVID-19

Purpose - In this study, visitors' attitudes and behavioural intentions towards camping/glamping tourism in Turkey during the pandemic were investigated using the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The model has been extended to include constructs such as risk perception and risk aversion attitudes that stem from COVID-19 to predict visitors' attitudes and behavioural intentions. Design/methodology/approach - The data were collected through an online questionnaire from 432 participants who have experience and interest in camping/glamping tourism in Turkey. The responses were analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings - The findings show that besides the basic TPB structures, other added variables also significantly affect visitors' attitudes and intentions. Moreover, it has been observed that the risk perception and risk aversion attitude derived from COVID-19 increase negative emotions in visitors and decreased behavioural intentions. Research limitations/implications - The results of the study are discussed for future research as well as its academic and practical implications. Originality/value - This theoretical expansion is thought to increase the theory's predictive power in predicting visitors' behaviour during the pandemic.

How trust in a destination's risk regulation navigates outbound travel constraints on revisit intention post-COVID-19: Segmenting insights from experienced Chinese tourists to Japan

How do tourists cope with outbound travel constraints post-COVID-19? This study explores the cognitive coping strategy of destination trust in risk regulation on abating outbound travel constraints and catalyzing revisit intention. Taking Japan as a destination, analysis of data collected from 556 experienced tourists from Mainland China uncovered four types of travel constraints: health concern constraint, structural constraint, geopolitical constraint, and disinterest. Only disinterest had a significant negative impact on revisit intention. Trust in the destination government significantly increased revisit intention and ameliorated all types of travel constraints. Trust in local residents and in the tourism industry relieved disinterest efficiently. Results of multigroup analysis revealed that compared with tourists who have visited Japan only once, tourists with two or more past visits had lower levels of outbound travel constraints, and the impact of disinterest on their revisit intention was significantly lower. They also showed higher trust in destination government and higher revisit intention. Moreover, health concern constraint was significantly reduced by trust in the tourism industry but to be significantly enhanced by trust in local residents among tourists with two or more past visits to Japan. The theoretical and practical implications for the recovery of tourism are discussed.

Halal tourism and coronavirus: understanding the influence of halal reputation and fear of COVID-19 on tourist’s revisit intention

Purpose: The existing halal tourism literature has paid insufficient attention in discussing the COVID-19 protocol as a marketing strategy tool for tourism managers. The COVID-19 protocol is one of the considerations for tourists in determining their destination when the global society enters the new normal era and people start to travel. This study aims to interpret the relationship between halal reputation, fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 protocols and tourist’s revisit intention, as well as to describe and discuss the empirical evidence. This study expands the theory on halal tourism while also offering critical insights into marketing practice in the tourism industry. Design/methodology/approach: The population of this study was Muslim tourists who have visited West Sumatra before the COVID-19 outbreak. The data were collected online for three months and received 451 responses, but after verification, only 395 respondents could be used for data processing. Hierarchical regression was applied to examine the direct relationship and moderating effect of the studied variables which met the sampling criteria. Findings: This study proves that halal tourists’ revisit intention is determined by a destination’s halal reputation. Subsequently, halal destinations should increase their reputation as excellent halal tourism providers. Furthermore, the COVID-19 protocol can reduce the fear of tourists visiting a tourist destination. Thus, this study gives some contribution to the tourism sector, especially on halal tourism, COVID-19 fear, and protocols and also tourist’s revisit intention. Originality/value: This paper explores the adoption of the COVID-19 protocol as a marketing strategy. Furthermore, there are still few papers that discuss the effects of COVID-19 on halal tourism. This paper attempts to fill this gap. This paper expands halal tourism literature by assessing the direct relationship and moderating effect of the variables related to COVID-19 on halal tourists’ revisit intention. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.