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OBJECTIVES: Health-care workers (HCWs) are vulnerable to the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, and the safety of HCWs is important in situations where a prolonged COVID-19 is expected. METHODS: HCWs were recently put in great danger around the globe; as of December 21, there were 306 confirmed cases in HCWs in South Korea, representing 0.60% of the total 50,591 confirmed cases nationally. RESULTS: After experiencing Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), South Korea has put a range of infection prevention and control (IPC) measures with long-term perspectives in place, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), HCW's infection status tracing, visitor control, and a variety of supports from both national and local public health authorities. CONCLUSIONS: This article introduces the infection status of HCWs and IPC measures currently taken in South Korea, emphasizing the collaborative and long-term IPC efforts for ensuring the safety of HCWs.
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Inspired by the Conservation of Resource theory (Hobfoll, 1989), this study investigated the role of a broad set of personal vulnerabilities, social, and work-related stressors and resources as predictors of workers' well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak. Participants were 594 workers in Italy. Results showed that personality predispostions, such as positivity, neuroticism and conscientiousness as well as key aspects of the individuals' relationship with their work (such as job insecurity, type of employment contract or trust in the organization) emerged as factors promoting (or hampering) workers' adjustment during the COVID -19 outbreak. Interactions between stressors and resources were also found and discussed. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-02408-w.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Good health and a safe environment are essential for sustainable development, including the appropriate management of healthcare wastes. The study intends to assess the generation rate and management methods of healthcare waste in the regional hospital center and a private clinic in Tangier, Morocco, with a focus on potential risks to health workers from infectious diseases. METHODS: The study collected data on healthcare waste generation over a period of two months by measuring and analyzing general and hazardous waste using an electronic scale. The data was presented as averages in kilograms per bed per day and as percentages. A questionnaire was provided to 100 healthcare workers. It included questions on their sociodemographic characteristics and their knowledge and attitudes regarding healthcare waste management. FINDINGS: The case study revealed that the healthcare waste production in the two institutions varied, with the private clinic producing 0.76 kilograms per day per bed and the regional hospital center producing 1.84 kilograms per day per bed. The survey also discovered that the hazardous fraction of waste generated in the regional hospital center was 40 percent, which was much higher than the World Health Organization's estimation. The daily amount of hazardous waste generated increased from 260.49 kilograms to 436.81 kilograms postCOVID-19. The survey found gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and daily challenges in waste management practices among the health workers in both facilities. CONCLUSION: The survey findings suggest that the healthcare waste management methods in Tangier are unsafe and may endanger the health workers and patients. The study found that the lack of monitoring and control contributed significantly to noncompliance with good practices. These findings can be used by the regional divisions of the Ministry of Health to develop specific protocols for managing sanitary emergencies and perform routine observation and training at all levels in the two facilities studied © This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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PurposeOrganizational culture has been identified as an important factor in increased employee commitment. Particularly during a shortage of skilled workers, commitment is a meaningful indicator of higher loyalty and retention. However, limited research has studied the relationship between organizational culture and commitment from a global perspective. Most research focuses on specific aspects of culture and examines the aspects' effects on commitment separately. The author's objective is to identify influential organizational culture's dimensions and assess dimensions' relationship to commitment holistically.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, the author analyzed a data set with 241,648 participants from 9 industries in Germany. The survey captures individual attitudes toward certain aspects of organizational culture and assesses workers' commitment to their organizations.FindingsThe results of a linear regression show that all cultural dimensions considered, namely transformational leadership behavior, team cohesion, compensation, fairness and caring attitude, if well-developed, positively and significantly influence organizational commitment. Interestingly, team cohesion has the greatest effect on commitment, followed by transformational leadership behavior, compensation, caring attitude and fairness.Originality/valueThis paper aims to examine the relationship between organizational culture and commitment holistically, thereby revealing which aspects of corporate culture are particularly important for increasing workers' commitment.
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In Australia, rates of suicide and poor mental health among construction workers were high before the COVID-19 pandemic. "Lock downs”, "restrictions”, "social distancing” and legislative changes responding to the pandemic have likely exacerbated the working conditions that foster poor mental health. This study analyses the way in which workplace health and safety (WHS) is regulated in Australia against the backdrop of existing research relating to the development of Australia's WHS laws, and the state of mental health of those working in Australia's construction industry. This study was conducted using a doctrinal research methodology and utilising legal theory. This study assesses the capacity of the Australian WHS regulatory system to protect construction workers' mental health by examining and interpreting key provisions in Australia's WHS laws. It then uses a regulatory theory, responsive regulation, to explain the inconsistency between the capacity of those laws to safeguard mental health and the very poor state of mental health of Australia's construction workers. The conclusion reached is that there is scope to improve current WHS laws to better protect construction workers' mental health. A recommendation is made, that current WHS laws are changed to prescribe minimum standards of worker mental health, and mandate control measures to minimise and/or eliminate psychosocial risks. It is submitted that these changes in the law will contribute to a changed culture in Australia's construction sector, which is supportive of mentally healthy workplaces and workers. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has relatively affected the Norwegian context and other Nordic countries (except for Sweden), considering the prudential authorities and policies adopted during the various waves of the virus. The capacity for remote working and high flexibility of working (already observed before the pandemic) have contributed to adapt to the changes. In this context, the study aims to explore the ways of working and living during the Corona Times and the implications for planning and mobility in Norway, considering the short-medium and long-term effects of the pandemic. First, the study presents an overview of the main impacts of the pandemic in the Nordic countries (such as mortality, labour market and absence from work, including the closure of workplaces), and second, it focuses on Norway, in light of the national measures. Then, the working related trends (for example, growth of demand of new working spaces and the increased number of workers in the public libraries) are discussed, as well as the major implications for our cities, such as new housing demands, commuting habits and transportation modes. Finally, an overview of the current debate within the Norwegian society shows the high interests of planners, other experts, and media in understanding the future of work, such as hybrid forms, new jobs, working remotely (but from where?). © 2023, The Author(s).
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While vicarious trauma from hearing traumatic material when working with clients has long been recognised, the concept that much vicarious trauma stems from systemic challenges, and work conditions, is a more recent development. There has been a willingness to recognise the toll on individuals of client stories, however this has allowed organisations to minimise other aspects of the work that are also impactful. Never has this been truer than in the last two years with the Covid-19 pandemic, when workers have experienced their own sense of risk at work, alongside a sense of possible expendability from their organisations. Workers may have felt obliged to keep meeting client need, whilst managing their own personal distress or worry. The article explores areas that contribute to vicarious, work-related trauma, other than hearing the narratives of those who have experienced trauma themselves. Individual and organisational practices, such as organisational culture;variability of the workload;conditions of the work environment;access to professional development;and the provision of quality supervision. The impact of each will be considered, with the aim not just to avoid vicarious trauma or burnout, but to proactively address issues that may impair the functioning of an integrated and fully cognisant professional.
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AIM: There is a discussion about COVID-19 vaccination rates among healthcare workers (HCW), especially nurses. The primary question for this review was: "What are the attitudes of nurses, compared to other HCW, towards COVID-19 vaccination?" The secondary questions included the proportion of nurses with intention to get vaccinated, what prevents the nurses from accepting the vaccine and what enables them to accept the vaccine. METHODS: The PRISMA-ScR format for scoping reviews was chosen to respect the novelty of COVID-19 vaccines. Database search (PubMed/MEDLINE, PROquest and EBSCO) was performed for original studies in English language, from all geographies, with most recent search on March 20, 2022. Vaccination acceptance rates were charted for nurses and nursing students in one category, and HCW other than nurses in the other category. The evolution in time of the nurses attitude to vaccine acceptance relative to that of HCW other than nurses was charted post hoc. The factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination intention according to the WHO categories (contextual influences, individual/ group influences, and vaccine/vaccination specific issues) were reviewed as narrative summary. RESULTS: Total 58 eligible studies were selected, all with cross-sectional study design, including 95418 healthcare workers of whom 33130 were nurses and 7391 were nursing students, from 44 countries in Europe, Americas, Africa and Asia. Trust in science, in doctors, in experts and in governments were the main contextual factors increasing vaccination acceptance mentioned in the studies, while altruism and collective protection, or protecting a person at risk at home was mentioned only few times. The nurses were less likely to accept vaccination compared to doctors and other HCWs at the onset, eg. before vaccine rollout, and this difference decreased with time (p = 0.022). Being older (n = 25 studies), being male (n = 23), having higher degree of education (n = 7), and having more years of clinical practice (n = 4) were associated with higher vaccination acceptance. Percieved individual risk of having severe COVID-19 (n = 14) or working in a COVID-19 dedicated units (n = 5) was mentioned in a minority of studies. The main vaccine-releated factors associated with higher vaccination intention were trust in the vaccine and its efficacy and safety, general vaccinatoin acceptance and specifically having had influenza vaccination in previous years (n = 21 studies). A significant factor associated with higher vaccine acceptance was high "vaccine knowledge", "vaccine literacy", "understanding the vaccine" or "understanding benefits and barriers of vaccination" (n = 17 studies). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses have been more hesitant to accept COVID-19 vaccination than other healthcare professions at the beginning, but with time this difference disappeared. This general nurse attitude of wait-and-see reported in the studies corresponds with real-life data from practicing healthcare workers as reported by the Czech Institute of Health Information and Statistics on vaccination against COVID-19. Trust in scientific structures and vaccine makers increases the vaccine acceptance. The acceptance increases also with higher age, increasing level of education, longer clinical experience, and also with being a male. Vaccine literacy and having participated in previous vaccination programmes, especially influenza vaccine, were identified as independent modifiable factors increasing vaccination acceptance.
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Aim: There is a discussion about COVID-19 vaccination rates among healthcare workers (HCW), especially nurses. The primary question for this review was: "What are the attitudes of nurses, compared to other HCW, towards COVID-19 vaccination?" The secondary questions included the proportion of nurses with intention to get vaccinated, what prevents the nurses from accepting the vaccine and what enables them to accept the vaccine. Method(s): The PRISMA-ScR format for scoping reviews was chosen to respect the novelty of COVID-19 vaccines. Database search (PubMed/MEDLINE, PROquest and EBSCO) was performed for original studies in English language, from all geographies, with most recent search on March 20, 2022. Vaccination acceptance rates were charted for nurses and nursing students in one category, and HCW other than nurses in the other category. The evolution in time of the nurses attitude to vaccine acceptance relative to that of HCW other than nurses was charted post hoc. The factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination intention according to the WHO categories (contextual influences, individual/ group influences, and vaccine/vaccination specific issues) were reviewed as narrative summary. Result(s): Total 58 eligible studies were selected, all with cross-sectional study design, including 95418 healthcare workers of whom 33130 were nurses and 7391 were nursing students, from 44 countries in Europe, Americas, Africa and Asia. Trust in science, in doctors, in experts and in governments were the main contextual factors increasing vaccination acceptance mentioned in the studies, while altruism and collective protection, or protecting a person at risk at home was mentioned only few times. The nurses were less likely to accept vaccination compared to doctors and other HCWs at the onset, eg. before vaccine rollout, and this difference decreased with time (p = 0.022). Being older (n = 25 studies), being male (n = 23), having higher degree of education (n = 7), and having more years of clinical practice (n = 4) were associated with higher vaccination acceptance. Percieved individual risk of having severe COVID-19 (n = 14) or working in a COVID-19 dedicated units (n = 5) was mentioned in a minority of studies. The main vaccine-releated factors associated with higher vaccination intention were trust in the vaccine and its efficacy and safety, general vaccinatoin acceptance and specifically having had influenza vaccination in previous years (n = 21 studies). A significant factor associated with higher vaccine acceptance was high "vaccine knowledge", "vaccine literacy", understanding the vaccine" or "understanding benefits and barriers of vaccination" (n = 17 studies). Conclusion(s): Nurses have been more hesitant to accept COVID-19 vaccination than other healthcare professions at the beginning, but with time this difference disappeared. This general nurse attitude of wait-and-see reported in the studies corresponds with real-life data from practicing healthcare workers as reported by the Czech Institute of Health Information and Statistics on vaccination against COVID-19. Trust in scientific structures and vaccine makers increases the vaccine acceptance. The acceptance increases also with higher age, increasing level of education, longer clinical experience, and also with being a male. Vaccine literacy and having participated in previous vaccination programmes, especially influenza vaccine, were identified as independent modifiable factors increasing vaccination acceptance.Copyright © 2023, Czech Medical Association J.E. Purkyne. All rights reserved.
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Introdução: O trabalho de enfermagem em unidades hospitalares COVID-19 é complexo, desafiador e repleto de elementos cuja compreensâo é importante para o campo da Gestâo e Saúde no Trabalho. Objetivo: compreender o cotidiano e os desafios de trabalhadores de enfermagem na linha de frente do enfrentamento a pandemia em unidades hospitalares COVID-19. Materiais e Métodos: estudo qualitativo desenvolvido com 35 trabalhadores de enfermagem em unidades COVID-19 de sete hospitais do Sul do Brasil, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O software NVivo auxiliou no tratamento dos dados a partir da análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: da análise dos dados emergiram duas categorias analíticas: Desafios do cotidiano de enfermagem nas unidades COVID-19: complexidade e demandas da assistencia;e Desafios de ser um trabalhador de enfermagem da linha de frente: desdobramentos no bem-estar profissional e na vida pessoal. Discussao: pode-se considerar que a complexidade e intensificaçâo do trabalho na linha de frente causou impactos que podem conduzir os trabalhadores de enfermagem ao adoecimento. Sâo importantes açöes de promoçâo a visibilidade profissional junto a sociedade para desmistificar a imagem romantizada sobre a profissâo e problematizar a importância da enfermagem no enfrentamento da pandemia e os impactos sofridos por estes trabalhadores. Conclusao: trabalhadores de enfermagem de unidades COVID-19 vivenciam desafios complexos, com repercussöes em sua experiencia laboral e em sua vida.Alternate :Introduction: The nursing work in COVID-19 hospital units is complex, challenging, and full of elements whose understanding is important for the field of Management and Health at Work. Objective: to understand the daily life and challenges of nursing workers in the front line of confronting the pandemic in COVID-19 hospital units. Materials and Methods: qualitative study developed with 35 nursing workers in COVID-19 units from seven hospitals in southern Brazil, through semi-structured interviews. The NVivo software helped in the data treatment from the thematic content analysis. Results: two analytical categories emerged from data analysis: Challenges of nursing daily life in COVID-19 units: complexity and demands of assistance;and Challenges of being a frontline nursing worker: unfolding in professional well-being and personal life. Discussion: it can be considered that the complexity and intensification of frontline work caused impacts that can lead nursing workers to illness. Actions to promote professional visibility in society are important, to demystify the romanticized image about the profession, and to problematize the importance of nursing in facing the pandemic and the impacts suffered by these workers. Conclusion: nursing workers in COVID-19 units experience complex challenges, with repercussions on their work experience and their lives.Alternate :Introducción: El trabajo de enfermería en las unidades hospitalarias COVID-19 es complejo, desafiante y lleno de elementos cuya comprensión es importante para el campo de la Gestión y Salud Ocupacional. Objetivo: comprender el cotidiano y los desafíos de los trabajadores de enfermería en la primera línea de enfrentamiento a la pandemia en las unidades hospitalarias de la COVID-19. Materiales y Métodos: estudio cualitativo desarrollado con 35 trabajadores de enfermería en unidades de COVID-19 de siete hospitales del sur de Brasil, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El software NVivo ayudó en el procesamiento de datos basado en el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: del análisis de los datos surgieron dos categorías analíticas: Desafíos cotidianos de la enfermería en las unidades de COVID-19: complejidad y demandas asistenciales;y Desafíos de ser un trabajador de enfermería de primera línea: desarrollos en el bienestar profesional y personal. Discusión: se puede considerar que la complejidad e intensificación del trabajo en primera línea provocó impactos que podrían llevar a los trabaj do es de enfermería a la enfermedad. Las acciones de promoción de la visibilidad profesional en la sociedad son importantes para desmitificar la imagen romantizada de la profesión y discutir la importancia de la enfermería en el enfrentamiento de la pandemia y los impactos sufridos por estos trabajadores. Conclusión: los trabajadores de enfermería de las unidades de COVID-19 viven desafíos complejos, con repercusiones en su experiencia laboral y en su vida.
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The right to property is part of International Human Rights Law (IHRL). However, the right is conspicuously missing from some fundamental treaties, and there are important inconsistencies in its interpretation by regional and global human rights bodies. In light of the indeterminacy and polysemy of IHRL in relation to property, this paper articulates a proposal to rethink this right taking Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ESCR) seriously. The proposal contains four propositions. Firstly, property is a human right. Secondly, it includes private property as one of its forms, but this is not the only one. Thirdly, property has a social function. And fourthly, as a matter of proportionality, fulfilling ESCR is one of the most important objectives that may justify the limitation of private property.
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Social workers must adapt along with the technology that both they and their clients are using and utilize it as a tool for exploration of identity formation, recognizing unique experiences in the online realm shape their perceptions of themselves and the world around them. The speed at which global populations turned to the online world due to the COVID-19 pandemic, when they were perhaps underprepared to do so, has complicated the feelings about being digital and skewed the discussions of online life to focus on the struggles of lacking "normal" human interactions. Adolescents who have already for years been forming their identities through an online world are participating in similar experiential activities that the generations before them have, but the means and mode of doing so have changed. While for years, many people have tried to limit the amount of time and energy that they put into their online lives, the changing landscape has forced many who had little interest in living lives online to grapple with their identity in a virtual world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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The political, social, cultural and economic worlds have been gripped by unexpected, tumultuous and ad hoc worlds since the emergence of COVID-19 on the world scene in early 2020. It is safe to acknowledge that all, or nearly all, humans on the planet have been adversely affected by its appearance, re-appearance and re-re-appearance in some and many ways. The world's states have also struggled with effective, efficient and acceptable ways to respond to the pandemic at personal, local and national scales. The visibility of COVID-19 is evident in the rise and fluctuating number of cases and deaths as they appear in daily and weekly news reports. An additional perspective of the serious nature of the virus is the appearance on postage stamp issues about diseases, a research focus of medical philately. Since early 2020 nearly 100 countries have issued stamps with a COVID-19 theme. Some countries devastated by cases and deaths and have issued a single or set of stamps with images about the negative impacts on the health and welfare of their populations, economies and environments. Others have not. Some countries have issued a low value stamp about COVID-19 while other countries have issued COVID-19 stamps that are extremely expensive and are unlikely to ever be seen or used by their population. These stamps are designed and produced by private companies for international stamp markets, which include collectors who collect stamp issues with health and disease themes. This chapter examines the COVID stamp issues through August 2021, their major themes and the costs. Stamps, as pieces of visual diplomacy, are observed to be more than reflecting a country's health or human condition, but also to generate income. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the rise of remote working worldwide and less central areas have become more and more attractive for these workers. Consequently, remote workers started working from home, in new working spaces, and from everywhere. These changes have affected workers' wellbeing, and cities, peripheral are rural areas. The chapter explores why people decided to keep working remotely even after the pandemic restrictions were cancelled. Furthermore, we give an empirical snapshot of the actual situation of remote workers and how this has and will change geographical patterns. The impact of remote working on wellbeing is described, according to the literature, and some thoughts on how remote working affects the future of coworking spaces and hybrid spaces are presented. © 2023, The Author(s).
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Operation of the coworking spaces (CSs) all over the world was strongly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, including those in Slovakia. The capital city's CSs and coworking spaces localised in non-metropolitan eastern part confirmed decline in co-worker presence that have also influenced financial aspect of the coworking spaces stability and resilience. Even though there have been several possibilities of national and local grants from public authorities, this support was not widely used and no CSs decided to contact the owners of premises in order to get rent deferrals and/or rent discounts. The pandemic also caused switch of physical events into online activities and activate those spaces located in the eastern part of the country as the number of the events in these spaces overall increased. Even the community spirit inside the CSs transformed to community events decreased due to the adaptation of government measures, cooperation outside individual CSs have strengthen and lead to establishing of formalised coworking association in Slovakia. In spite of the difficult situation the CSs have to face, many of them realised the need of adaptation and invested in ICT devices, change of already not sufficient marketing strategies but also see business opportunities as several new coworking spaces have started to operate. All these aspects point at the fact that flexible work arrangement coworking spaces offer could help to solve global economic crisis. © 2023, The Author(s).
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Objective To investigate the mental health status of military healthcare workers in shelter hospitals in Shanghai during the epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron variant and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 540 military healthcare workers in shelter hospitals in Shanghai were investigated with patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Athens insomnia scale (AIS) to explore their mental health status, and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results A total of 536 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 99.3% (536/540). The incidence of depression, anxiety and insomnia among military healthcare workers in shelter hospitals in Shanghai was 45.5% (244/536), 26.1% (140/536) and 59.5% (319/536), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that whether people resided in Shanghai, the proportion of negative information in daily browsing information and diet status in shelter hospitals were the influencing factors of depression, anxiety and insomnia (all P<0.05);age and confidence in the future of Shanghai were the influencing factors of depression and insomnia (all P<0.05);and the time spent daily on epidemic-related information was an influencing factor of insomnia (P=0.021). Conclusion The incidence of depressive, anxiety and insomnia among military healthcare workers in shelter hospitals in Shanghai is high during the epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron variant. Psychological consequences of the epidemic should be monitored regularly and continuously to promote the mental health of military healthcare workers.Copyright © 2022, Second Military Medical University Press. All rights reserved.
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Background: Covid-19 has been declared a global pandemic by WHO. Health Care Workers (HCWs) being the front-line warriors have been most exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Vaccine hesitancy against Covid-19 has been seen among HCWs. The main aim of the research was to find the hesitancy rates of vaccine among HCWs and the pulling and pushing factors to get vaccinated. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on HCWs. Questionnaires on Google forms were sent to all participants through their WhatsApp number and data was analysed through SPSS version 23.0. Results: Out of 81 HCWs selected, 51.9% (n=42) were initially hesitant when the vaccine was first introduced. The main pulling factor initially to get vaccinated was to shield loved ones, 38.75% (n=31) and 46.2% (n=37) of them received a booster dose of vaccine mainly due to employment requirements. Out of the total, 19.75% (n=16) are still hesitant even after vaccination and the most common pushing factors were fear of the side effects and inadequately tested vaccines. Conclusion: Though the majority of the HCWs got vaccinated, vaccine hesitancy is still present among the HCWs and the major reason is uncertainty about the side effects it could cause in the long term.
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BACKGROUND: The core of the healthcare system is healthcare workers (HCWs). A skilled and healthy workforce is essential during a health emergency like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. AIM: This study evaluated knowledge of COVID-19, its preventive measures, and factors affecting it among HCWs at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University to determine their desire to obtain the available COVID-19 vaccines in addition to the factors that may affect it. METHOD(S): This descriptive cross-sectional study included 151 HCWs in Egypt using a self-administered questionnaire created by the researchers after examining the information supplied by the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, World Health Organization, and the relevant research regarding knowledge assessment. Initially, demographic data were collected. Participants were asked their source of knowledge about COVID-19 and their intent to receive the available vaccines. Knowledge about COVID-19 and preventive measures was compared between different HCWs in NCI. In addition, knowledge score was compared according to different factors to determine factors affecting knowledge. RESULT(S): Physicians represented about 40% of the total number of participants. HCWs' knowledge of COVID-19 was higher among physicians, with a higher percentage of correct answers than the other two groups (nurses and pharmacists and employees and technicians). Younger age groups had a significantly higher median knowledge score than the older groups. Physicians had significantly higher median scores than employee and technician groups. CONCLUSION(S): The overall knowledge about COVID-19 and its preventive measures among HCWs was generally good, especially among physicians more than allied health professionals. However, some of the virus-related knowledge was less advanced than expected for the HCWs position.Copyright © 2023 Nora Atef, Mohamed Bendary, Amira Khater.
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Introduction: This paper aims at conducting a legal analysis of the health workers' authority in telemedicine service in Indonesia. This article discusses an issue related to the importance of telemedicine usage in health services. That is beneficial to reduce virus transmission. Therefore, government issued regulations regarding telemedicine services by medical personnel. So, there is a change in the legal relationship that previously occurred in health care facilities into a legal relationship between doctors and patients. This case creates legal problems in the form of legal ambiguity regarding the authority of medical personnel through telemedicine services. Methods: Normative legal research implemented in this research and the approach implemented is the state and the conceptual approach. Results: Telemedicine provides medical services and health information. In Indonesia, telemedicine was made mandatory by Law Number 36 on Health in 2009, particularly in terms of medical expertise. Legal basis of telemedicine in Indonesia is the Law on health however the regulation is general. Conclusions: The conclusion is the need for detailed regulation of the limits of authority of health workers in health services through telemedicine. This article suggests that legal reform of the authority of medical personnel in providing services through telemedicine during the pandemic and after it. © 2023 UPM Press. All rights reserved.
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Background: Risk Based internal audit is a control and supervision activity carried out by internal auditors using the output of risk management. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the implementation of risk based internal audit at BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Internal auditors need to know about risk management and risk maturity to identify key areas that require immediate supervision and follow-up. Method: This research is a case study qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data was collected by means of interviews, observation and documentation. The analysis technique using triangulation is to collect data, reduce and draw conclusions. Results and findings: Researchers found that Social Security Agency while in Indonesian term is Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Ketenagakerjaan as an institution that is mandated to manage labor social security membership fees and implement good governance and manage business risks. The risk management output is then used as the basis for conducting an internal audit. Discussion: BPJS Ketenagakerjaan carries out risk management to identify risks, identify areas that have potential risks and carry out risk profiling. This makes it easier for internal auditors to carry out the internal audit process. Impact: The results of risk management make it easier for auditors to identify risks and identify specific areas so that internal audits can run effectively and efficiently.